A partir de retratos de mulheres indígenas datados da primeira metade do século XX, conservados no acervo do Museu da Imagem e do Som de Manaus, este estudo, por meio da poética do livro de artista Existências Líquidas, apresenta um olhar subjetivo acerca das representações de povos originários. A obra partiu do desejo de entrelaçar afetos às imagens das retratadas memorando hábitos do cotidiano da minha família afro-indígena, como as receitas de chás, que aprendi com minha avó materna Norma Teixeira. (...) As fotos das retratadas, agrego fragmentos de vegetais que coletei durante caminhadas em Manaus e os associei à resistência do matagal no âmbito urbano como um ato de resistir da população indígena frente as políticas racistas, que desconsideram os modos de vida desses povos. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a ofensa sexual cometida por adolescentes/jovens adultos e as implicações sociais e jurídicas decorrentes. A adolescência é um período em que ocorrem mudanças significativas e a ofensa sexual é uma questão de saúde pública, complexa e multideterminada. Cometer ofensa sexual na faixa etária entre 16-21 anos traz a necessidade de compreensão contextualizada, pois envolve dimensões jurídicas diferenciadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com os prontuários de cinco adolescentes atendidos em uma instituição de saúde pública. (...) Os dados foram analisados a partir de categorias que conectam as vitimizações a aspectos sociofamiliares e implicações jurídicas. Os resultados apresentaram a polivitimização na história de vida e um ponto limite de virem a lidar com conjunto de regras de criminalização ou de proteção, de enfrentarem contextos jurídicos com legislações diferentes, quando ainda pertencem ao mesmo contexto familiar e à mesma comunidade. A responsabilização não pode ser a única resposta. (shrink)

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a stroke effectiveness test in table tennis based on the temporal game structure to assess the ball speed and ball placement of the players, with a purpose to analyze its reproducibility and validity. Methods: Nineteen male table tennis players participated in this study. The test was performed twice during the first session and once during the second session to assess the intrasession and intersession reproducibility, respectively. Moreover, the test was examined on its ability to (...) discriminate between regional and local performance-level players and on the relationship between the test results and the table tennis performance to assess the discriminant and concurrent validity, respectively. In general, the test consisted of 11 simulated rallies of 2–5 balls with the effort and rest ratio of 0.5, and focused on attack with offensive strokes at defensive balls delivered by a robot randomly between the left and right positions on the table. Results: Ball speed, ball placement, and ball speed-ball placement index showed satisfactory reliability and agreement outcomes. Additionally, the Bland-Altman plots show the systematic error of the analyses closer to 0, and that most values were within the limits of agreements. Concerning validity analyses, regional players had higher scores of ball placement and ball speed-ball placement index as well as made fewer errors than local players. Moreover, ball placement, ball speed-ball placement index, and percentage error presented a strong and significant correlation with table tennis performance. However, ball speed was slightly different between the regional than local players and this variable was not related to table tennis performance. Conclusion: Our findings show evidences that the test is reproducible. Moreover, discriminant and concurrent validity are confirmed for ball placement and ball speed-ball placement index. (shrink)

One of the central elements of John Rawls’ argument in support of his two principles of justice is the intuitive normative ideal of citizens as free and equal. But taken in isolation, the claim that citizens are to be treated as free and equal is extremely indeterminate, and has virtually no clear implications for policy. In order to remedy this, the two principles of justice, together with the stipulation that citizens have basic interests in developing their moral capacities and pursuing (...) their conceptions of the good life, are meant to provide a more precise interpretation of what is involved in treating citizens as free and equal. Rawls’ critics, however, have argued that satisfying the two principles of justice is not the most appropriate or plausible way to respect the status of citizens as free and equal. In relation to this debate, the present paper has two aims. The first is to examine Rawls’ account of the type of freedom that a just society must guarantee equally to its citizens. I will argue that those who think of Rawls as a theorist of freedom as non-interference are mistaken, because his notion of liberty resembles in important respects the republican notion of freedom as non-domination. Second, I will consider the extent to which Rawls’ principles of justice successfully protect the freedom as non-domination of all citizens so as to effectively treat them as free and equal. (shrink)

In this paper, we present a formal interpretive account of Jean Piaget’s theory of the morality that regulates social exchanges, which we call interactional morality. First, we place Piaget’s conception in the context of his epistemological and sociological works. Then, we review the core of that conception: the two types of interactional moralities that Piaget identified to be usual in social exchanges, and the role that the notion of respect-for-the-other plays in their definition. Next, we analyze the main features of (...) social exchanges that are subject to each of those two types of interactional moralities. Following, we formalize Piaget’s account of how the two types of interactional moralities can be put to regulate social exchanges in which values, norms, beliefs, and goals are exchanged, so that interactional commitments can be established among the participants. Then, we sketch a moral reasoning system able to support formal reasonings about interactional moralities. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the overall formal model of interactional moralities that resulted from our study by applying it to the explication of some of the conclusions achieved by Piaget in his moral studies about children games. (shrink)

Le Glossaire du latin philosophique est un fichier d'environ 230.000 à 260.000 fiches consacré au vocabulaire philosophique du moyen âge. Une équipe du CNRS, au départ sous la direction de Pierre Michaud-Quantin, y a travaillé durant de nombreuses années. Récemment, il a été transporté de la Sorbonne à l'Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes, où il est désormais consultable à la Section latine. À l'occasion de l'arrivée du Glossaire du latin philosophique à l'Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes (...) et pour marquer un nouveau départ, une journée d'étude consacrée à ce fi chier a eu lieu à l'IRHT, le jeudi 15 mai 2008, sous le titre "Les innovations du vocabulaire latin à la fin du moyen âge:autour du Glossaire du latin philosophique." -- P. [4} of cover. (shrink)

Las nociones de vida y biología adquieren distintos sentidos en la teoría de las generaciones o se expresan en distintas oposiciones según se sitúen en el campo político, filosófico o científico. Este artículo afronta estas dimensiones prestando especial atención al peculiar estilo de Ortega, en particular a las reiteradas metáforas biologicistas, asumiendo que son inseparables del contenido teórico presente en sus obras. Este estilo puede ser un instrumento muy apropiado para articular la relación de los campos entre sí y con (...) la biografía de Ortega, teniendo en cuenta su heterodoxa apuesta filosófica. (shrink)

Automated classification of legal documents has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. However, this is still a challenging task for long documents, since it is difficult for a model to identify the most relevant information for classification. In this paper, we propose a two-stage supervised learning approach for the classification of petitions, a type of legal document that requests a court order. The proposed approach is based on a word-level encoder–decoder Seq2Seq deep neural network, such as a (...) Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) or a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, and a document-level Support Vector Machine classifier. To address the challenges posed by the lengthy legal documents, the approach introduces a human-in-the-loop approach, whose task is to localize and tag relevant segments of text in the word-level training part, which dramatically reduces the dimension of the document classifier input vector. We performed experiments to validate our approach using a real-world dataset comprised of 270 intermediate petitions, which were carefully annotated by specialists from the 15th civil unit of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Our results revealed that both BiLSTM and BERT-Convolutional Neural Networks variants achieved an accuracy of up to 95.49%, and also outperformed baseline classifiers based on the Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency test vectorizer. The proposed approach is currently being utilized to automate the aforementioned justice unit, thereby increasing its efficiency in handling repetitive tasks. (shrink)

O presente texto visa abordar a pertinência crítica da filosofia kantiana da história tentando assinalar o lugar transcendental da noçáo de fio condutor da natureza, para nós urn princípio regulativo passível de ser usado pelo discurso filosófico da história, que por isso náo se toma urn conhecimento teórico, mas nem por isso deixa de ser uma espécie de conhecimento, de cunho prático.

A formação docente brasileira foi marcada por interlocuções epistêmicas, mudanças e transformações estruturais e conjunturais, atreladas aos âmbitos sociais, culturais, econômicos, jurídicos e políticos, influenciando e configurando as dimensões do ser professor. Sua configuração, como um ser social, permite a transposição dicotômica entre conhecimentos científicos e senso comum, possibilitando reflexões a uma análise conjuntural acerca da realidade posta, efetivando a essencialidade do processo formativo elucidada a partir do rompimento alienado efetivado por meio dos princípios ideológicos que regem, fragilizam e fragmentam (...) essa formação. Propomos analisar evidências delineadas na Resolução CNE n. 6/2018, acerca da implementação nacional de políticas institucionalizadas neoliberais para formação docente em Educação Física. Para tal feito, nos ancoramos em características investigativo-descritivas com pressupostos de análise de conteúdo e documental, sustentados pelo subentendimento da teoria da alienação trazidas por Konder. Diante das análises, destacam-se indicadores dos ideários neoliberais, transcritos por meio de orientações com vistas à formação docente para atuação no mundo do trabalho. A partir das orientações normatizadas em prol de um processo formativo com competências e habilidades, delineadas nos indicadores destinados à “área de estudo e pesquisa”; “área de conhecimento específico para educação”, “atividade acadêmica para prática pedagógica”; e “componente curricular”, evidenciando os pressupostos de uma formação sistêmica e linear, subscrevendo a formação humana do futuro professor a determinados interesses e com viés que diverge dos pressupostos educacionais, suscitando uma possibilidade de alienação, induzindo à formação docente por meio de uma ideologia prescrita subliminarmente, à qual o profissional em formação será submetido, dificultando, por vezes, a construção de um conhecimento que propicie sua emancipação de forma crítica e reflexiva acerca da realidade social. Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Formação docente. Neoliberalismo. Alienação. (shrink)

Sociology, conflicts, and sensitivity, the triad that supports, that constitutes, the bed on which and in which this discipline moves its steps. Since sociology is a meta-science, it can make use of methodological-cognitive tools of other disciplines related to itself: in this specific case, we are referring to psychoanalysis, and its way of conceiving intra-subjective conflict, especially in the field of human relations. Simmel's far-sighted sociology and his way of conceiving conflict as an instrument of balance between closeness and distance, (...) between harmony and disarmament. Therefore, the present article has as its purpose to carry forward the hypothesis according to which at the root of human existence, of which conflicts are the analytical category of the same, as Collins argues; in this way the conflicts can find their origin in this coexistence between opposites, which invests every social event, and not only natural. (shrink)

Since a reading of young Nietzsche’s criticism of the desire of knowledge that guides modernity – particularly regarding to the distinctions he operated between: a) two postures facing reality: the theoretical optimism and the tragic pessimism ; and b) two types of man: the theoretical and the artist ones; and c) two kinds of philosophy and philosophers: the one of the desperate knowledge and the other, of the tragic knowledge – we aim to defend, as an access-key to nietzschean’s thought (...) from the period of The Birth of Tragedy , the presence of a larger, gnosiological distinction between two forms of access to real: via knowledge [ Erkenntni ? ] and via understanding [ Verständnis ] – ???????? [ epistéme ] and ?????? [ gnôsis ] –, leading respectively to the targets of science and wisdom. (shrink)

Like all great thinkers, Charles Taylor was able with his oeuvre to challenge and often change the vocabulary, habits and theoretical imaginary of his readers. In this sense, he deserves to be celebrated as a teacher in the broadest sense of the word. Especially remarkable is his mastery in making the complexity of our experience as modern men and women accessible. Now, the first thing that can be learned from his sane attitude towards modern epistemology is the resolve to embrace (...) what he once called "a hazy picture of history" , in which order and chaos coexist in the same picture as a warning for the purity seekers. Our view of history must remain somewhat hazy because, if we want to understand long-term change without resorting to an old-style philosophy of history, we have to do justice both to historical discontinuity and to historical continuity. Thus, understanding deep historical change means being able to combine a fair dose of theoretical recklessness and a good eye for the details. (shrink)

Resennha de: SCRUTON, Roger. _A natureza humana_. Tradução de Maria de Fátima Carmo. Revisão Científica de Aires Almeida. Lisboa: Gradiva, 2017.

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From modest beginnings, the conglomerate Odebrecht became one of the most relevant actors of development for Brazil and Latin America. By 2010, the conglomerate was elected the best family business in the world. Annual revenues rose from US$ 24 billion in 2008 to US$ 41.8 billion in 2014. However, by 2015 Odebrecht was in a very different situation, embroiled in a multi-billion-dollar corruption scandal. To illegally secure more than 100 projects, Odebrecht had paid approximately US$ 788 million in bribes across (...) 12 countries. Corruption was not new in Latin America, but so many powerful people facing jail time in the region certainly was. In 2016, Odebrecht agreed to pay a record breaking fine of US$ 2.6 billion for violating the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act. This case describes Odebrecht’s corruption scandal, touching on possible causes, the company’s handling of the criminal allegations, and probable defenses to protect against future setbacks. (shrink)

The question of the subject seems to occupy much of the current psychiatric/psychological landscape. Some theoreticians affirm that the subject or the self is an imaginary fiction, not a substantial entity in whose structure causes of psychological disorders and their respective antidotes are latent. “Subject,” they continue, “is what the vernacular speech says it is, that is, a self-reference marker that indexes human organisms’ sensory/motor singularity.” This marker, however, has nothing in common with a supposed metaphysical ethereal substrate, made up (...) of particles such as will, freedom, autonomy, ineffable consciousness, reason, emotions, desires, beliefs, judgments, aspirations, or interests. Taking such an... (shrink)

In this study, I will attempt a comparison between the philosophy of Spinoza (especially his Ethics) and the systemic philosophy. Firstly, I will analyze the systemic specific terminology; then it will be compared with the Spinozian one, and I will suggest a hypothesis in order to translate Spinoza's terms into systemic ones. Of this hypothesis, I will present the strengths and weaknesses, especially about the notion of 'centralization' of a system and about Spinoza's epistemology.

Conhecido como Debate Hart-Dworkin, o entrechoque de opiniões entre esses dois autores gerou intensa discussão acerca do positivismo jurídico e das teorias que buscam refutar suas teses fundamentais. Neste contexto, Ronald Dworkin se empenha em repreender a doutrina positivista demonstrando que as noções elementares dessa teoria não são capazes de produzir uma doutrina eficaz sobre a natureza do direito. No presente artigo, pretendo analisar as críticas lançadas por Dworkin ao positivismo jurídico e às conceituações de Herbert Hart, com específica atenção (...) para o conceito de discricionariedade que Dworkin imputa ao positivismo. A partir de uma discussão teórica envolvendo as principais obras desses autores, procuro confirmar a hipótese de que a teoria positivista moderna não está comprometida com o sentido atribuído por Dworkin à noção de discricionariedade, prejudicando assim o fundamento da crítica de Dworkin acerca da interpretação no positivismo jurídico. Ao final, irei considerar também a gravidade desta vicissitude para a teoria dworkiniana como um todo, avaliando se as críticas de Dworkin restam comprometidas ou resistem a este empecilho. (shrink)

Na sua tese de 1893, L'Action, Maurice Blondel tenta demonstrar a implicação mútua do agir, do conhecer e do ser. A acção revela-se penetrada de pensamento, o qual, por sua vez, se desdobra forçosamente para a sua realização efectiva, constituindo os dois (acção e pensamento) o nó ontológio do ser. Portanto, o ensaio de Blondel merece a designação de intelectualismo ou realismo integral que lhe foi atribuído por H. Duméry e Paul Archambault. /// Dans sa thèse de 1893, L'Action, Maurice (...) Blondel essaie de démontrer l'implication mutuelle de l'agir, du connaître et de l'etre. L'action se révèle pénétrée de pensée, laquelle, à son tour, se déploie forcément vers sa réalisation effective, les deux (action et pensée) constituant le noeud ontologique de l'être. Done, l'essai de Blondel mérite la désignation d'intellectualisme ou réalisme intégral qui lui a été attribué par H. Duméry et Paul Archambault. /// In his thesis of 1893, L'Action, Maurice Blondel aims to demonstrate the mutual implications of acting, knowing and being. Action reveals itself as penetrated by thought, which necessarily unfolds towards its effective realization. Both action and thought constitute the ontologic knot of being. BlondePs essay deserves therefore the title of intellectualism or integral realism, in the words of H. Duméry and Paul Archambault. (shrink)

O presente trabalho faz uma análise comparativa entre o pensamento dialético de Sócrates e a proposta pedagógica do filósofo Matthew Lipman, principalmente em suas obras A Filosofia vai à escola e O pensar na Educação. Para tanto, identificamos que o pensamento dialético como método aparece em Sócrates através da maiêutica, em que, por meio do diálogo, busca-se chegar a um pensamento correto. Esse exercício conceitual acompanha a história da Filosofia e ganha um lugar central nas reflexões epistemológicas sobre o processo (...) do conhecimento que pode ou não provir de um sujeito autônomo e engajado no mundo em que vive, como podemos identificar no livro VII da República e no diálogo de Críton. Lipman, com sua filosofia pragmática, é um desses autores influenciados pela dialética socrática que encontra no debate público o caminho para pensar uma prática educacional engajada no desenvolvimento intelectual e social dos envolvidos no processo de ensino de filosofia da infância. Destacamos que essa proposta de ensino endossa uma crítica ao modelo de educação conteudista e insere a educação para o pensar nos anos iniciais da Educação Básica como um processo reflexivo contextualizado e dialógico. Nesse sentido, destacamos o método socrático adaptado à filosofia para criança como resultado de uma visão pedagógica pautada no pensamento dialético que possibilita a formação de um sujeito epistemológico e moral. Pensar a Educação como ferramenta de evolução social ao formar indivíduos seguros de suas posições conceituais e abertos às diferenças, sejam elas epistemológicas, sejam ideológicas, nos parece ser uma das principais contribuições extraídas da abordagem dialética pragmática da filosofia para o pensar. Palavras-chave: Epistemologia. Filosofia. Diálogo. Pensamento. Educação. (shrink)

Os Rosários dos Angolas realiza um estudo da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos das Portas do Carmo( Bahia) A novidade do estudo está nos subsidios coletados na Africa, Portugal e Brasil , no resgate da presença banto na Bahia e na abertura para um dialogo das cosmovisões banto e cristã. REGINALDO, Lucilene. Os Rosários dos Angolas : Irmandades de africanos e crioulos na Bahia setecentista. São Paulo: Alameda, 2011. 416p. ISBN 978-85-7939-082-1.