Online informal learning spreads quickly in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Studies have predicted that both online and workplace IL have potential value to individual and organization development, whereas the study on its link with innovation remains scarce. IL is an individualized learning pattern different from formal learning, and its functioning mechanism on innovation will deepen our understanding of the relationship between learning and innovation. Self-efficacy and autonomous motivation are considered as two streams of motivational mediating mechanisms to innovation. However, previous studies (...) have proceeded largely in separation from each other. Researchers highlight the need to develop a more fine-grained theory of motivation and innovation. In addressing these literature gaps, this paper takes college teachers as the sample and focuses on the motivational mediating mechanism between online IL and innovation. The results showed that teachers IL could positively predict innovative teaching performance. Personal teaching efficacy and autonomous motivation played as sequential mediators on the link between IL and innovative teaching performance. This study extends the literature of IL–innovation relationship and enriches understanding of cognition-oriented motivation theory, highlighting one's internal autonomous construction is the key to innovation. Theoretical and practical implications for psychological empowerment are discussed. (shrink)

Zou Rong received a classical education but, uninterested in an official career and frustrated by the irrelevance of his schooling to the day's issues, traveled to Japan in 1901 to further his studies. There he wrote The Revolutionary Army, which was published in Shanghai after his return to China in 1903. The Revolutionary Army, which was scathingly critical of the Manchu rulers of China, enraged government authorities who sought his immediate arrest. Zou was protected by authorities of the International Settlement (...) in Shanghai, and eventually sentenced to only two years in jail. Be this as it may, Zou contracted an illness in prison and died in April of 1905. The Revolutionary Army is far more than an anti-Manchu racist tract. It advocates political and social revolution, and Zou's account of the justification for and goals of these revolutions rests in no small part on natural rights and independence, as discussed in the two chapters from the work that we translate here. (shrink)

We explored the division of parenthood in Chinese families with adolescents by identifying the parental involvement patterns in the data obtained from 786 pairs of parents. Division-of-parenthood patterns were created via factor mixture modeling using self-reported three dimensions of father and mother involvement. Three differential division-of-parenthood patterns were identified: (a) parent-cooperation pattern, where moderate and equivalent involvement existed between mothers and fathers; (b) mother-dominated pattern, where mother involvement was particularly greater than father involvement; and (c) father-dominated pattern, where father involvement (...) was particularly greater than mother involvement. Families were more likely to be in the mother- or the father-dominated pattern as their levels of positive coparenting behaviors increased. By contrast, as the levels of paternal conflict behavior increased, families were likely to be in the mother-dominated pattern. This study highlighted parents’ individual parenting role, the diverse division-of-parenthood patterns in the family, and the important role of coparenting behavior. (shrink)

As an economic pillar, major resource consumer, and polluter of cities, the chemical industry determines many cities’ transformation, prosperity, and decay. It is thus a major concern for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In China, which is at the stage of accelerated industrialization that is varied across regions, the chemical industry has gradually retreated from developed cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, in the eastern region, and has become the inevitable choice for industrialization of less-developed cities, such as Xi’an, (...) Chengdu, and Chongqing, in the western region. This study took the perspectives of chemical industrial sectors and their spatial differences to understand the changing patterns of the chemical industry and its dominant cities. It identified chemical industrial cities, examined their spatial-temporal patterns with respect to their industry scale and structure, and accounted for factors influencing the spatial evolution from coastal areas to inland regions. The results show that large CICs were mainly located in coastal port regions with balanced industrial sectors, while small CICs were mainly distributed in inland areas with abundant oil and coal resources and a single dominant industrial sector. The location factors of ports, markets, and technology play important roles in the eastern region, while resource conditions and foreign direct investment promote the chemical industry’s development in the central, western, and northeastern cities. These findings improve the understanding of CICs’ spatial transformation and shed light on the policy-making of chemical industrial development in China and other developing countries. (shrink)

Family socioeconomic status (SES) is known to have a powerful influence on adolescent depression. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Here, we explore this issue by testing the potential mediating roles of social support (interpersonal resource) and optimism (intrapersonal resource), based on the predictions of the reserve capacity model (RCM). Participants were 652 adolescents [age range: 11–20 years old, M age = 14.55 years, SD = 1.82; 338 boys (51.80%)] from two junior and two senior high schools in (...) Wuhan, China. They completed questionnaires measuring family SES, perceived social support, optimism, and depression. Results showed, as predicted, (1) SES negatively predicted adolescent depression; (2) social support and optimism serially mediated the relations between SES and depression, consistent with the predictions by the RCM. Specifically, higher SES predicted greater social support and increased optimism, which in turn contributed to reduced depression. The implications of these data to the prevention and interventions of adolescent depression were discussed. (shrink)

Several recent studies have found that when the other’s gain is greater, even subjects’ reward may seem like a loss and lead to a negative experience. These studies indicate the complexity of reward evaluation in the context of social comparison. The satisfaction rating of reward outcome not only depends on objective social comparison but also on subjective evaluation. However, less is known about the neural time course of subjective evaluation. Therefore, we employed a 2 × 2 within-subjects factorial design, in (...) which we manipulated the reward distribution for the subjects. Electroencephalography responses were recorded, while two subjects concurrently but independently performed a simple dot-estimation task that entailed monetary rewards. Behavioral results showed that the subjects were more satisfied with the advantageous distribution, regardless of upward or downward comparison. The analysis of event-related potentials revealed that disadvantageous distribution elicited a larger P2 than advantageous distribution, and this effect was not modulated by comparison direction. In contrast, the late positive potential showed an effect of comparison direction independent of subjective evaluation. The data suggest that subjective evaluation acts upon the early stage of reward processing and manifests in the P2 component, whereas social comparison plays a role in the later appraisal process. (shrink)

本书共分5章。主要内容包括:明末清初西学东来及其对于中国思想文化的影响、鸦片战争前后的西学输入与国人的反应、洋务时期的西学输入等.

The Yuanming Yuan of the Qing dynasty was a magnificent imperial garden in Chinese history. The garden consisted of three Chinese gardens and a “Western-like garden” designed by the EuropeanJesuits. The garden encounter in the Yuanming Yuan provides a valuable case for studying cultural fusion in early modernity. This article redraws the traditional line of Daoist cosmology in Chinese imperial gardens by analyzing the fengshui layout of the Yuanming Yuan. Based on the Qing emperors’ writings, imperial archives, and the garden (...) representations, the research interprets the design distinction and its cross-cultural accommodation. The article concludes that the exotic depth produced by the linear-perspective views in the European portion demonstrated the typical Daoist attempt of preserving full brightness in one’s mind through seeking the remotest garden scenery, as stated in the Daoist scripture Laozi that “whoever knows his brightness veils himself in his darkness.” This Daoist paradoxical idea, best embodied by the Yuanming Yuan, opens up a comparative understanding of Heidegger’s concept “paradoxa.”. (shrink)

We extend Savage et al.'s music and social bonding hypothesis by examining it in the context of Chinese music. First, top-down functions such as music as political instrument should receive more attention. Second, solo performance can serve as important cues for social identity. Third, a right match between the tones in lyrics and music contributes also to social bonding.

本書圍繞吳與弼哲學思想對陳獻章、王守仁的影響，及崇仁學派在整個明代哲學史所處的地位，展現崇仁學派儒家學者的理氣觀、心性論與道德修養論，凸顯十五世紀明代哲學史的真實面貌與內在理路，為理解陽明心學的興起提 供一種新的分析路徑。.

In this paper, we first introduce the incomplete extended Gamma and Beta functions with matrix parameters; then, we establish some different properties for these new extensions. Furthermore, we give a specific application for the incomplete Bessel matrix function by using incomplete extended Gamma and Beta functions; at last, we construct the relation between the incomplete confluent hypergeometric matrix functions and incomplete Bessel matrix function.

本书包括人的多样性、文化与人类文明;全球一体化;人类文明及其整合:多样性的统一;中国文化模式的生存论阐释;差异与沟通;走向多样性等六章。.

This study investigated the relative role of sub-syllabic components in spoken word recognition of Mandarin Chinese using an eye-tracking experiment with a visual world paradigm. Native Mandarin speakers were presented with four pictures and an auditory stimulus. They were required to click the picture according to the sound stimulus they heard, and their eye movements were tracked during this process. For a target word, nine conditions of competitors were constructed in terms of the amount of their phonological overlap with the (...) target: consonant competitor, rime competitor, tone competitor, consonant plus rime competitor, consonant plus tone competitor, rime plus tone competitor, cohort competitor, cohort plus tone competitor, and baseline competitor. A growth curve analysis was conducted with the fixation to competitors, targets, and distractors, and the results showed that competitors with consonant or rime overlap can be adequately activated, while tone overlap plays a weaker role since additional tonal information can strengthen the competitive effect only when it was added to a candidate that already bears much phonological similarity with the target. Mandarin words are processed in an incremental way in the time course of word recognition since different partially overlapping competitors could be activated immediately; like the pattern found in English, both cohort and rime competitors were activated to compete for lexical activation, but these two competitors were not temporally distinctive and mainly differed in the size of their competitive effects. Generally, the gradation of activation based on the phonological similarity between target and candidates found in this study was in line with the continuous mapping models and may reflect a strategy of native speakers shaped by the informative characteristics of the interaction among different sub-syllabic components. (shrink)

This paper examines caregiving for sick older family members in the context of socio‐economic transformations in rural China, combining empirical investigation with normative inquiry. The empirical part of this paper is based on a case study, taken from fieldwork in a rural Chinese hospital, of a son who took care of his hospitalized mother. This empirical study highlighted family members’ weiqu (sense of unfairness)—a mental status from experiencing mistreatment and oppression in family care, yet with constrained power to explicitly protest (...) or make care‐related choices. Underpinning people’s weiqu and constrained choice, as informed by the conception of structural injustice, is the impact of unjust social structures, organized by unfavourable norms, discriminatory social policies and institutions targeting rural populations. By restraining individual choices and capacities in supporting health care for aging populations, these unjust structures create additional difficulties for and discriminations against rural families and their older members. Some policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate structural injustice so as to empower families and promote care for older people in rural settings. (shrink)

Strong emotional relationships between parents and children are thought to be essential for developing a child's emotion of mattering, according to earlier research. Through the investigation of these relationships, the study aims to improve knowledge of the psychological and emotional elements that support normal growth in the population. To offer regulation for reinforcement of parental support networks in marginalized groups, it draws attention to the importance of these variables in determining the quality of attachment. This study explores the connection among (...) mattering (MAT) and Parental Attachment (PA) with a focus on the dynamics that affect Social Support (SS) and Self Efficacy (SE) between rural Chinese children. Validated questionnaires assessing PA, MAT, SS, SE, and Parental Support (PS) are utilized to collect data from a sample (190) of Chinese children living in rural areas. Significantly favourable connections, especially between MAT and PA, are revealed by correlation analysis. These results reveal avenues for improving the development of rural Chinese children by underlining the significance of social networks and emotional attachments in fostering psychological well-being. (shrink)

as "Zhuangzi" miscellaneous articles of, has always been, "Chuang Tzu", the miscellaneous articles of value, because after learning of the ideas for the works of Chuang Tzu, and more can not be restored by belittling its proper position. I intended to point of view of the text, faithfully showing Line in the narrative and the system, trying to whole text structure for their own "explanation", and then find out from its inside and outside the chapter even Department of points for (...) the macro view. This article discusses the steps: first, to reveal chapter of the subject, and a chapter author of the era, for a basic understanding; then its narrative form and content of the article to clarify the basic structure of argumentation, as indicators of this paper; final for direction of the overall discussion, summarize the central thesis, stated idea where. The "Old Fisherman" is the first chapter of Zhuang Zi's "Miscellaneous Chapters". Because of this, scholars have relegated it to an unimportant part of Zhuang Zi's thought. In this article, I hope to extract the logic and structure of Zhuang Zi's " Old Fisherman ". This in an attempt to show the" Old Fisherman "chapter contains a self-explanatory structure, which would link it to Zhuang Zi's" Inner Chapters "and" Outer Chapters ". This article would like to first show the importance of the "OId Fisherman" chapter giving a basic outline. Then I would like to expound on the method and contents of the "Old Fisherman", making clear its basic structure. Finally, I would like to address the question of the "Old Fisherman" chapter's purpose, sum up its basic tenets, and elucidate its philosophy. (shrink)

Background: In China, the conventional family-based ageing care model is under pressure from social transitions, raising the question of whether and to what extent families are still capable of dealing with the care of the aged. Objective: This article examines the vulnerability and inadequacy of families to bear responsibility for the care of the aged against a backdrop of socioeconomic transformation and diminishing institutional support in rural China. Research design: This article adopts an empirical ethical approach that integrates empirical investigation (...) with ethical inquiry. Participants and research context: The empirical component of this article focuses on the lived experiences of caring for a wife and mother with dementia in one rural Chinese family, collected from a 6-month fieldwork study conducted at one primary hospital. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from the university ethics committee. Findings: The empirical study highlights a conflicted family process of managing and negotiating care that indicates the inadequacies and limited ability of families to deal with aged care tasks. In addition, inadequate structures and institutional deficiencies exacerbate the vulnerability of rural families and their inability to offer adequate care. Conclusion: Acknowledging the vulnerability of families as ageing care providers, this article calls for a socially supported family care model for rural older people in China and also proposes policy recommendations. (shrink)

本书内容包括:导论:从抽象意志论到实践意志论;西方意志理论的历史演变及其困境等。.

Previous studies have explored the impact of the cost ratio of individual solutions versus collective solutions on people’s cooperation tendency in the presence of individual solutions. This study further explored the impact of team credibility on people’s propensity to cooperate in the presence of individual solutions. Study 1 investigated the influence of different level of altruistic tendencies or the self-interest tendencies of teammates on participants’ decision-making. Study 2 explored the influence of the distribution of altruistic tendencies or self-interest tendencies on (...) participants’ decision-making. The results of Study 1 showed that the proportion of participants who chose the collective solution increased with an increase in the altruistic tendencies of the team. When the altruistic tendencies of the teammates reached a certain value, the proportion of participants taking the collective solution showed a trend to stabilize. Furthermore, the proportion of participants who chose the individual solution increased with the increase in the self-interest tendencies of the team. When the self-interest tendencies of the teammates reached a certain value, the individual solution was stably adopted. The results of Study 2 showed that with the total altruistic tendency remaining unchanged, the more altruistic group members that altruistic tendencies were allocated to, the higher a participant’s level of trust in the team would be, which showed the decentralized effect of altruistic tendencies. In the case that the total self-interest tendency was unchanged, the fewer self-interest group members the self-interest tendencies were allocated to, the higher a participant’s level of trust in the team would be, which showed the convergent effect of self-interest tendencies. (shrink)

The recognition in electroencephalogram of action idea is to identify what action people want to do by EEG. The significance of this project is to help people who have trouble in movement. Their action ideas are identified by EEG, and then robot hands can assist them to complete the action. This paper, with comparative experiments, used OpenBCI to collect EEG action ideas during static action and dynamic action and used the EEG recognition model Conv1D-GRU to training and recognition action, respectively. (...) The experimental result shows that the brain wave action idea is easier to recognize in static state. The accuracy of brain wave action idea recognition in dynamic state is only 72.27%, and the accuracy of brain wave action idea recognition in static state is 99.98%. The experimental result confirms that the action idea will be of great help to people with mobility difficulties. (shrink)

《中國禮文化與儒學研究》通過對《禮記》《老子》《春秋》等儒家經典著作的研究，結合馬克思主義關於人類社會發展的相關理論，指出“禮”是中國文化的根基，強調了《禮記》在古禮研究中的價值和意義，探討了古禮的起 源以及先民的社會生活模式，並在此基礎上，對古禮的類別和結構、主要功能及其內在統一性進行了論述，分析了古禮的基本功能與中國文明形成道路的內在聯繫和重要意義。通過對《老子》的研究，分析了儒道之間的異同，並 闡述了老子思想的現代意義。通過分析儒家禮教思想與古代禮教的關係，探討了儒家禮教思想的人文價值，論述了儒家禮教思想與傳統政治制度的關係，提出《春秋》中的大一統思想是儒家學說中的外王思想，並探討了這種思想 在漢代大一統政治局面形成中的作用。.

Blended learning motivation (BLM) is crucial for the success of blended learning, especially for students in higher vocational education and training institutions (HVETIs). This study investigates the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and social presence (SP) on blended learning motivation. An online survey collected data from 714 students across 36 HVETIs in Chongqing City, China. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among the study variables. The findings indicate social presence, (...) perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness positively influence blended learning motivation. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use enhance blended learning motivation through social presence, even though the direct effect of perceived ease of use on social presence was unsupported, with perceived ease of use indirectly influencing social presence through perceived usefulness. This study highlights the social presence's pivotal role in promoting blended learning motivation and offering insights for developing a motivational, trust-based blended learning community for students, educators, and policymakers within blended learning environments. (shrink)

本书以现实人生为立足点,通过一系列美学范畴的辩证运动,论证审美关系的生成、审美意识的结构与功能及人性结构的主体化等。.

本书是我国学者全面系统地阐述杜威学术思想的第一部专著,对杜威的哲学思想和教育思想做出实事求是的评价。.

The convenience of big data processing technology has played a great advantage in many scenarios, and its deep learning can effectively mine different types of data in data sets. Applying this method to mining psychological prediction data set of legal anomie behavior can effectively prevent the occurrence of illegal behavior. The effective analysis of its psychological characteristics and the changes of psychological emotions will have hidden dangers, so it is necessary to extract this kind of data in such cases. Therefore, (...) the forest algorithm under deep learning uses weight factors, simple sampling, and other ideas to build the intervention mechanism, which will improve psychological quality to prevent anomie. The experimental results of this paper are as follows: In the case of testing psychological fluctuation by three algorithms, the forest algorithm calculates the psychological change area steadily, with the increase of the number of samples. In the data sample extraction of different dimensions, the test value increases with the increase of dimensions, and it is stable at 12 dimensions. Preventive intervention is extremely important to construct the mechanism before the anomie behavior occurs, and the longest running time of the roll neural network is as much as 950 s. The data mining technology for constructing the intervention mechanism accounts for 15.4% of counseling, which also shows that the auxiliary measures for preventing behavior are particularly important. (shrink)

An early encounter of Western and Chinese labyrinths took place during the late eighteenth century in the Qing imperial garden Yuanming Yuan, where the Western Jesuits built a labyrinth for Emperor Qianlong.1 Beginning with Daedalus’s legendary design, the labyrinth was the basis throughout Western history of a primary meaning of the built environment.2 With a rigorously geometrical layout, the labyrinth in the Yuanming Yuan appeared exotic to the Chinese eye but was specifically named by the Chinese as a “garden” because (...) of its meandering movement similar to Chinese gardens.3 The comparability between the Western labyrinth and Chinese gardens triggers this research on the idea of labyrinth in Chinese building .. (shrink)

Shang bian. Zhongguo li wen hua -- Xia bian. Li jiao yu ru xue chuan tong.

Journal of Mathematical Logic, Ahead of Print.