The focus of this examination is on Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of History, particularly the final chapters in which, among other things, Hegel posits that no change in legal freedoms can be expected without the liberation of conscience and that it is illusory to expect the revolution to succeed if it is not preceded by religious reformation. It is an attempt to critically rethink Hegel’s views on reformation, revolution and history in the light of modern religious, theological, philosophical, political, (...) scientific and cultural theses and research. The philosophy of history is observed as something of a key to understanding Hegel’s philosophical ideas. At the same time, his brilliant insights are reimagined in the context of the contemporary revival of the phenomena of religion/faith. (shrink)

Hate speech is interpreted in various ways. It is always analysed in the context of the relationship between freedom of speech and the possible lack of freedom caused by legal regulation and sanctioning of hate speech. In this paper we want to start from the consideration of hate itself and in this way consider it in its biological and cultural dimensions. Using specific examples of hate speech, we aim to show the intertwining of the biological and the intellectual, the cultural (...) and the physical, the ideological and the emotional. The analysis of some cases of hate speech and the passion of individuals involved in this psychological and intellectual immaturity makes clear how important it is for philosophy to lunge into this poor reality – steps taken to give philosophical views on these phenomena, but also basic criteria for possible orientation in other scientific research. (shrink)

Svijest o tehničkoj reproduktibilnosti umjetničkog djela povela nas je iz područja promišljanja umjetničkog djela prema estetizaciji svakodnevice , društvu spektakla, mekdonaldizaciji i diznijevskoj amerikanizaciji kulture cijeloga svijeta.Umnažanje je postalo ponavljanje koje zavodi, odnosno uspostavlja nove odnose kulturne i svake druge ovisnosti. Pokazalo se da u svijetu »množina« vladaju zakonitosti koje određuju današnjeg čovjeka više nego je to filozofija spremna detektirati. Snaga i uvjerljivost epa danas je sadržana u malim sloganima, uz pomoć kojih se upravlja javnim mnijenjem i masama massmedijski oblikovanih (...) potrošača informacija. Slogani su sonde pomoću kojih globalne korporacije osvajaju strukture mišljenja i govora. Umnažanje reklamnih poruka, političkih slogana, ratnohuškačkih rečenica i spektakularnih ispraznosti – završava u copy/paste kulturi, koja, nesvjesna mehanizama i tehnologija, polako ali sigurno počinje zauzimati mjesto na policama dućana globalnih trgovaca. McLuhanovo djelo "Mechanical Bride" prvo je na ozbiljan način promišljalo značenje koje naizgled obični reklamni slogani mogu imati na oblikovanje svjesne i nesvjesne pozicije potrošača. Analizom njegova pristupa u ovom manje poznatom djelu te usporedbom s nekim indikativnim suvremenim pojavama hrvatske i svjetske javnosti – ocrtava se kontekst kojega suvremeno filozofijsko mišljenje ne smije ispustiti iz vida.The awareness about the reproductiveness of artwork led us from the field of discussion about artwork to the aesthetization of the everyday , to a society of spectacles, to McDonaldization and the Disneyesque Americanization of the entire world culture.Multiplication became a seductive repetition, setting up new relations of cultural and other addiction. It seems that in a world of “plurals” there are laws that define today’s man more than philosophy is prepared to detect. The strength and convincingness of epics is sublimated into little slogans, used to manipulate public opinion and hordes of information consumers shaped by the mass media. Slogans are really probes with which global corporations conquer the structures of opinion and speech. The multiplication of advertising messages, political slogans, warmongering sentences and spectacular meaninglessness – ends up in a copy/paste culture, which is, unaware of mechanisms and technologies, slowly but surely starting to take its place on the store-shelves of global marketers. McLuhan’s work "Mechanical Bride" was the first to seriously consider the meaning that the seemingly common advertising slogans can have for the shaping of a conscious and unconscious position of the consumers. By analyzing his approach in this less known work and comparing it with certain suggestive modern phenomena in the Croatian and world public – we outline a context, which should not be eft out of the sight of the modern philosophic thought. (shrink)

Mišljenje koje ukazuje na značenje posrednika u procesu spoznaje jednim svojim dijelom ulazi u područje gnoseologije. Probijajući se do biti promišljanoga, te odstranjujući ono što pripada posrednicima u procesu spoznaje, ovo je mišljenje dijelom i svojevrsna »proširena hermeneutika «. Proučavajući napredovanje spoznaje o posredovanosti same spoznaje, te napredovanje iskustva u kontekstu medija posredovanja, ovo je mišljenje i svojevrsna fenomenologija. Sabirući u sebi teorijsko, praktičko i poetičko, filozofija medija želi biti mišljenje koje nije određeno slikom, gramatikom, pojmom, kontekstom, performanceom, psihologijom nastupa, (...) tehnologijom – ali sve to želi imati u sebi sačuvano i nadvladano. Transmisija znanja više nije samo stvar riječi. Nakon lingvističkog obrata i ikoničkog obrata, sve smo bliže shvaćanju da je i jednom i drugom obratu u osnovi bio medijski obrat. (shrink)

Ljudski se mozak polako otvara znanstvenoj spoznaji. Novi uvidi u način rada ovog vrhunski sofisticiranog ljudskog/digitalnog »stroja« bacaju povratno svjetlo na načine »aktiviranja « ljudske osjetilnosti, načine doživljavanja i spoznavanja svijeta.Cilj je ovog rada istražiti moguću povezanost tehničkih naprava kao ljudskih ekstenzija i procesa u mozgu koji povratno određuju načine percepcije svijeta. Istovremeno riječ je o promišljanju zanimljive i u znanosti prisutne teze o podijeljenosti hemisfera ljudskoga mozga kao oblika podijeljenosti temeljnih ljudskih sposobnosti.U tom kontekstu želimo propitati bioetičku dimenziju McLuhanovog (...) razmišljanja o paraleli podijeljenosti hemisfera ljudskoga mozga i hemisfera civilizacija nastanjenih na istočnoj odnosno zapadnoj strani zemaljske kugle.Područja istraživanja su dakle sljedeća: tehnologije kao ekstenzije i ljudski mozak; lijeva i desna hemisfera mozga; tehnologije, kultura, mozak; ekstenzije jezika i pisma u predjezičkom i predpismenom; »digitalno« ustrojstvo mozga; mozak kao krajnji korektiv tehnocivilizacijskih zabluda.Postoje poveznice između neurolingvističkih, teoloških, filozofijskih i biologijskih stavova o mozgu. Tragajući za svojim odgovorima o izvorima jezika, o determiniranosti ljudskoga mišljenja, o odnosu potencijalnoga i realiziranoga, o sukobima u čovjeku između utilitarnog i empatije… u konačnici promišljanje želi odgovoriti na pitanje regulativnog karaktera ljudskog mozga u uspostavljanju balansa moći kako pojedinih ljudi tako i civilizacija.Science is slowly revealing secrets of the human brain. Latest discoveries on the functioning of this digital, highly sophisticated human “device” reflect the ways how sensations, experience and understanding of the world are “activated”.The aim of this study is to investigate the eventual link between technical devices as human extensions and brain processes that in return determine the ways of the perception of the world. At the same time it is a reflection on interesting thesis which exists in the science on the split of the human brain hemispheres as a form of a division between basic human abilities.In this context we want to investigate the bioethical dimension of McLuhan’s thought on the parallel between two hemispheres of the human brain and civilisations which exists on Eastern and Western hemisphere of our planet.The areas of investigation are the following: technologies as extensions and human brain; left and right hemisphere of the brain; technologies, culture, brain; extensions of spoken and written language in pre-linguistic and pre-literacy; “digital” configuration of the brain; brain as the final corrective of the techno-civilisations delusions.There are links between neurolinguistical, theological, philosophical and biological standpoints on human brain. Research into the origins of language, determination of human thoughts, relation between potential and realised, the internal conflict between utilitarian and human empathy… at the end the contemplation tries to answer the question on the regulatory nature of the human brain in establishing the balance of power of both individuals and civilizations. (shrink)

_Repeating Žižek_ offers a serious engagement with the ideas and propositions of philosopher Slavoj Žižek. Often subjecting Žižek's work to a Žižekian analysis, this volume's contributors consider the possibility of formalizing Žižek's ideas into an identifiable philosophical system. They examine his interpretations of Hegel, Plato, and Lacan, outline his debates with Badiou, and evaluate the implications of his analysis of politics and capitalism upon Marxist thought. Other essays focus on Žižek's approach to Christianity and Islam, his "sloppy" method of reading (...) texts, his relation to current developments in neurobiology, and his theorization of animals. The book ends with an afterword by Žižek in which he analyzes Shakespeare's and Beckett's plays in relation to the subject. The contributors do not reach a consensus on defining a Žižekian school of philosophy—perhaps his idiosyncratic and often heterogeneous ideas simply resist synthesis—but even in their repetition of Žižek, they create something new and vital. Contributors. Henrik Jøker Bjerre, Bruno Bosteels, Agon Hamza, Brian Benjamin Hansen, Adrian Johnston, Katja Kolšek, Adam Kotsko, Catherine Malabou, Benjamin Noys, Geoff Pfeifer, Frank Ruda, Oxana Timofeeva, Samo Tomšic, Gabriel Tupinambá, Fabio Vighi, Gavin Walker, Sead Zimeri, Slavoj Žižek. (shrink)

Rapid and precise air operation mission planning is a key technology in unmanned aerial vehicles autonomous combat in battles. In this paper, an end-to-end UAV intelligent mission planning method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to solve the shortcomings of the traditional intelligent optimization algorithm, such as relying on simple, static, low-dimensional scenarios, and poor scalability. Specifically, the suppression of enemy air defense mission planning is described as a sequential decision-making problem and formalized as a Markov decision process. Then, (...) the SEAD intelligent planning model based on the proximal policy optimization algorithm is established and a general intelligent planning architecture is proposed. Furthermore, three policy training tricks, i.e., domain randomization, maximizing policy entropy, and underlying network parameter sharing, are introduced to improve the learning performance and generalizability of PPO. Experiments results show that the model in this work is efficient and stable, and can be adapted to the unknown continuous high-dimensional environment. It can be concluded that the UAV intelligent mission planning model based on DRL has powerful intelligent planning performance, and provides a new idea for researching UAV autonomy. (shrink)

Autogestão, autoempreendedorismo, infotrabalho, trabalho intermitente, criptomoeda, uberização, proletariado de serviços e servidão digital delineiam uma série de designações indicativas das mudanças das condições de (re)produção do Capital nas suas formas contemporâneas. Grandes corporações como Google, Facebook e Amazon participam desse processo tanto no eixo da infraestrutura econômica, quanto na produção discursiva que sustenta ideologicamente as relações de trabalho determinadas pelo Aparelho Digital. Essa pesquisa elege como material específico de análise uma sequência de cursos oferecidos pelo “YouTube Academy” para a criação, (...) gerenciamento e divulgação de uma empresa associada à plataforma de vídeos do YouTube. O objetivo é investigar os modos de imbricação e/ou separação entre o sujeito e a empresa. Para construir os procedimentos analíticos, delimitamos as seguintes perguntas: Como as formas imaginárias do sujeito (o “eu”, a identidade e a individualidade) estão relacionadas com a criação e o funcionamento de uma empresa no YouTube? Como o trabalho e as relações de trabalho são significados nessa discursividade? O olhar discursivo é ainda guiado por compreensões de pesquisas anteriores: o modo como o “eu” é discursivizado em produto, o funcionamento da “empresa de si” como modelo de identificação e a empresarialidade. As referências passam por Michel Pêcheux, Eni Orlandi, Suzy Lagazzi, Luciana Nogueira, Guilherme Adorno, Joel Bombardelli, Pierre Dardot, Christian Laval e Ricardo Antunes. O conceito de político, compreendido discursivamente como conflito e disputa pelos sentidos - e seus efeitos de deslocamento, assim como o apagamento do político do lugar que lhe seria próprio - e o conceito de exterioridade discursiva são mais enfaticamente mobilizados na pesquisa, além das discussões em torno do discurso neoliberal e da psicologização do sujeito pelos efeitos discursivos de liberdade e autonomia. Um trabalho de análise da constituição da discursividade que tem o “sentido (já) lá” como resultado do efeito de exterioridade. Esperamos mostrar, assim, como, nas condições de produção sócio-históricas de um “Imperialismo Digital”, uma mudança da “economia política do poder-dizer” afeta os modos de circulação não só dos discursos, mas do próprio Capital. (shrink)