v. 1. Ensino secundário e médio -- v. 2. Estudos sobre o ensino primário -- Planejamento educacional e contribuições à educação do futuro.

O Professor Rubens Pinto Lyra oferece nesse livro um conjunto de reflexões que abarcam temas complexos da ciência política, indo desde questões tratadas em nível teórico mais abstrato, como as ideologias e o conceito de bloco histórico... também analisa as transformações políticas em nossa época, como a emergência de uma extrema-direita proto-fascista, em nível interno (bolsonarismo) e mundial. E, ainda a relação entre religião e política"--Front flap.

This article investigates conceptions of morality within the framework of ressentimentful victimhood in the manosphere, while also exploring avenues for resistance among young individuals encountering the “hatred pipeline”. In Study 1, we use the emotional mechanism of ressentiment to examine how incels construct narratives of victimhood rooted in the notion of sexual entitlement that remains owed and unfulfilled, alongside its “black pill” variant emphasising moral and epistemic superiority. Through a linguistic corpus analysis and content examination of 4chan and Incel.is blog (...) posts, we find evidence of ressentiment morality permeating the language and communication within the incel community, characterised by blame directed at women, and the pervasive themes of victimhood, powerlessness, and injustice. In Study 2, we delve into young individuals’ reflections on incel morality and victimhood narratives as they engage with online networks of toxic masculinity in the manosphere. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with young participants who have accessed the manosphere, we explore their perceptions of risks, attribution of blame, and experiences of empathy towards individuals navigating the “hatred pipeline”. Our analysis underscores the significance of ressentiment in elucidating alternative conceptions of morality and victimhood, while shedding light on the potential for acceptance or resistance within online environments characterised by hatred. (shrink)

Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 3, Page 305-312, March 2022.

Anthropology of Consciousness, Volume 33, Issue 1, Page 38-62, Spring 2022.

Debates about effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have emphasized the paramount importance of digital tracing technology in suppressing the disease. So far, discussions about the ethics of this technology have focused on privacy concerns, efficacy, and uptake. However, important issues regarding power imbalances and vulnerability also warrant attention. As demonstrated in other forms of digital surveillance, vulnerable subpopulations pay a higher price for surveillance measures. There is reason to worry that some types of COVID-19 technology might lead to the (...) employment of disproportionate profiling, policing, and criminalization of marginalized groups. It is, thus, of crucial importance to interrogate vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and ensure that the development, implementation, and data use of this surveillance technology avoids exacerbating vulnerability and the risk of harm to surveilled subpopulations, while maintaining the benefits of data collection across the whole population. This paper outlines the major challenges and a set of values that should be taken into account when implementing disease surveillance technology in the pandemic response. (shrink)

This paper examines dominant arguments advocating for the procreative right to undergo sex selection for social reasons, based on gender preference. I present four of the most recognized and common justifications for sex selection: the argument from natural sex selection, the argument from procreative autonomy, the argument from family balancing, and the argument from children’s well-being. Together these represent the various means by which scholars aim to defend access to sex selection for social reasons as a legitimate procreative choice. In (...) response, I contend that these justifications are flawed and often inconsistent and therefore fail to vindicate the practice. (shrink)

The establishment of the Common European Asylum System by 2012 remains a key policy objective for the European Union. According to the Council of the European Union, the development of a Common Asylum Policy should be based on a full and inclusive application of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and other relevant international treaties. In the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum attention is brought to the persistence of wide disparities amongst Member States in the (...) granting of protection and the form of protection granted. This is seen as one of the main problems to be addressed in building the CEAS. It is fairly obvious that existing divergences in policy have a substantial impact upon the aims of the CEAS. It can be assumed that the difference in governmental practices involving recognizing asylum seekers on refugee grounds or subsidiary protection grounds may be a substantial factor in the decision-making process on where to apply for international protection. The European Commission stressed the importance, during the second phase of the CEAS, of paying particular attention to subsidiary and other forms of protection. (shrink)

Starting from 2009, national courts of the EU Member States for the first time gained a “real” right to request the EU Court of Justice for preliminary rulings in asylum matters. First judgments of this Court demonstrate equivocal tendencies: some are blaming the Court for incompetence in asylum matters, others believe that the adoption of authoritative decisions at the European level will assist in developing consistent practice of applying asylum law in the European Union, something that failed at international level (...) due to absence of a single authoritative body to provide guidance on interpretation and application of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Considering that the judgments of the EU Court are part of the EU law, the Member States should develop their national asylum law with due regard being taken to those judgments. By the beginning of 2012, the Court has issued eight judgments on the interpretation of various problematic issues of EU asylum law. This Article analyses the jurisprudence of the EU Court in asylum cases, related to the granting of refugee status and subsidiary protection. It also provides a critical evaluation of those judgments. The main objective of the Article is to familiarise the relevant Lithuanian institutions and lawyers with the first judgments of the EU Court in asylum cases and encourage discussions concerning the application of rules established by the Court in the Lithuanian context. Due to limited size, this Article presents the analysis of two EU Court judgments adopted on interpretation of the 2004 Qualification Directive: Elgafaji v. The Netherlands (2009) dealing with granting of subsidiary protection, and Abdulla and others v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2010), dealing with cessation of refugee status. The value of those judgments first of all lies in the guidance they provided to the Member States on such concepts as: protection in a situation of an armed conflict, agents of protection, effectiveness of protection; as well as determination of a relationship between refugee status and subsidiary protection, relationship of the Qualification Directive with the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), also cessation of protection. Elgafaji decision, while quite liberal with regard to persons seeking international protection, is not so liberally applied in the Member States’ practice and does not in itself guarantee positive outcome of the application of a concrete individual fleeing from an armed conflict, or a liberal approach to granting subsidiary protection in the Member States. Based on Elgafaji judgment it is clear that: Art. 15(b) of the Qualification Directive correspond to Art. 3 ECHR, while Art. 15(c) provides additional protection and in that it expands the Member States’ obligations beyond the ECHR to provide protection to persons fleeing in situations of armed conflict. While not every person arriving from an armed conflict situation would automatically fall under the granting of subsidiary protection, in certain exceptional situations indiscriminate violence may amount to individual threat without invoking personal circumstances. The EU Court departed from the individualisation requirement applied by the European Court of Human Rights in Art. 3 cases and did not also rely on international humanitarian law, by introducing a “sliding scale” formula for establishing an individual threat in armed conflict situation instead. This formula addressed the alleged internal discrepancy between “individual threat” and “indiscriminate violence”. The Abdulla decision brought in the human rights and law enforcement perspectives to the interpretation of cessation clauses, however it represents a rather superficial approach in the context of the analysed concepts (e.g. towards effectiveness of protection provided by the multinational armed forces) and is likely to be incompatible with the latest legislative trends in the EU asylum instruments (e.g. determination of refugee status and subsidiary protection by means of a single procedure) and the recent jurisprudence under the ECHR (e.g. failure to ensure a minimum standard of living may violate the ECHR). (shrink)

In 2012 there are 76 countries of the world still criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults. In seven of those countries homosexual acts are punishable with death penalty (i. e., Mauritania, Sudan, the northern states of Nigeria, the southern parts of Somalia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen). Homophobic (transphobic) attitudes are also frequent in many societies. However, the LGBT asylum seekers are frequently left outside the refugee definition due to many refugee qualification and procedural problems in LGBT cases. Criminalisation, (...) state protection against non-state persecution, concealment of sexual or gender identity, internal protection were discussed in the previous article ‘The Refugee Qualification Problems in LGBT Asylum Cases’ by Laurynas Biekša2. In this article the authors aim to describe the main procedural problems in LGBT asylum cases (i. e., credibility assessment, late disclosure, country of origin information and reception) and propose their solutions. Guiding European and international standards are laid down in the Reception Directive3, Qualification Directive4, Procedures Directive5 and UNHCR Guidance Note6. Today these standards should serve as a starting point for identifying the problems LGBT asylum seekers may have during their asylum procedures and for finding possible solutions. (shrink)

Even though the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) does not explicitly address the rights of asylum seekers and refugees, the case law of the European Human Rights Court (ECtHR) confirms that their rights can be successfully defended under this mechanism. In parallel, in its evolving jurisprudence on asylum the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) refers to the Strasbourg case law, where there is a certain interrelationship between these two jurisdictions, in particular (...) given the recent ECtHR pronouncement on “EU Dublin transfers”. The article aims at evaluating protection available for asylum seekers and refugees under the ECHR, while comparing it with protection of asylum relevant fundamental rights under the EU legal order and the most recent jurisprudence of the CJEU in asylum cases. The authors also analyze which of the two systems is more favourable and what are their limitations. Thus, the article offers to students and practitioners a detailed analysis of ECtHR and CJEU jurisprudence in asylum cases through a comparative perspective, as well as the key problematic aspects arising in both jurisdictions and their junction. The jurisprudence of the ECtHR reveals that despite the most developed protection from expulsion under Article 3 of the ECHR, it does not sufficiently secure status for the concerned persons. Effective remedy requirements under the ECHR allow for filling the gaps of national asylum procedures, while recognition of vulnerability and special status of asylum seekers by the ECtHR assist in addressing still commonly prevailing detention problems of asylum seekers in Europe. In the context of family protection, the recognition of positive obligations by states to reunite the refugee families is still rudimentary, thus, clearly Article 3 protection in expulsion cases takes over Article 8. At the same time, the jurisprudence of the CJEU in asylum cases is still inconsistent, as the court sometimes takes decisions without including human rights into its’ analysis (Kadzoev, Arslan, K.), while in other cases refers to the Charter (MA and others), verifies if its’ own decision is in line with the ECtHR jurisprudence (Elgafaji) or shapes secondary legislation in line with Strasbourg arguments and findings (N.S.). Quite likely, the ECtHR practice will have an important influence on the developments of subsidiary protection in the EU, at least in the context of Articles 2 and 3 of the ECHR, and serve as an important reference for interpretation of various concepts under the EU Qualification and Procedures Directives. The comparative analysis of pros and cons of the two mechanisms demonstrates that the main advantage of the ECtHR is individual justice possibility, which is not yet accessible under CJEU preliminary judgement procedure and its input in developing asylum law concepts, such as non-state agents of persecution, internal protection or even subsidiary protection regime under EU asylum law. Thanks to the ECtHR, the realistic possibility to question the application of certain EU norms has emerged (Dublin Regulation). While the ECtHR does not have such a specific competence over asylum issues as the CJEU and is clearly a slow and seriously overburdened mechanism, the pilot judgement procedure seems to be increasingly capable of providing guidelines to the states concerning systematic problems in their asylum procedures. Thus, both jurisdictions in their own ways contribute to strengthening asylum seekers’ protection while forming a common oasis for these individuals in Europe. (shrink)

The 6th of February 2005 marks the deadline of transposition of the EU Council Directive No. 2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions‘ Directive) into national legislation. This article is the second in a series of articles on transposition of the European Union Asylum Directives in Lithuania and remaining concerns. It analyses the transposition of the Reception Conditions Directive in the country, the impact of the directive‘s provisions on the development of the Lithuanian asylum law and draws attention to the remaining concerns in relation (...) to implementation of this directive in Lithuania. The authors illustrate the remaining concerns with practical and live examples/stories from Lithuania. (shrink)

A gestão da Covid no Brasil está entre as piores do mundo, com número de óbitos inaceitavelmente alto. É inclusive estranho que esses resultados não tenham sido capazes de disparar entre os brasileiros nenhuma mobilização social mais decisiva. Não obstante o reconhecimento da importância do debate mais estritamente político, o objetivo deste artigo é ensaiar uma reflexão fenomenológica sobre a respiração, tendo Heidegger como referência principal. A Covid é afinal uma doença respiratória, que nos convida – ou deveria convidar – (...) a pensar sobre a respiração sob perspectivas históricas, ontológicas e existenciais. São dois os temas a discutir: nossa empobrecida relação com o respirar, e a dificuldade de, mesmo diante de mais de 600 mil mortes direta ou indiretamente causadas no Brasil por asfixia – e mais de 5 milhões no mundo –, encontrarmos caminho para discutir o assunto com mais profundidade. (shrink)

Resumo: Faço aqui um balanço das minhas pesquisas sobre ensino de filosofia. O envolvimento recua às minhas primeiras experiências docentes, quando se fez claro que o conhecimento da tradição filosófica não bastava. Mas apenas em 2009, quando assumi disciplinas de formação de professores na PUC-Rio, é que a pesquisa se formalizou. Eram outros os tempos: a filosofia e a sociologia tornavam-se obrigatórias no ensino médio e a comunidade filosófica brasileira intensificava sua atenção ao campo. Integrei em 2015 a equipe que (...) elaborou as primeiras versões da BNCC. Muita coisa se transformou desde então. A referida obrigatoriedade foi revogada e ingressamos num período de incerteza política, ademais caracterizado por insignes modificações nos dispositivos de formação de opinião. Investi na retórica – clássica e digital – como elemento de formação docente. Cabia à filosofia evitar que nossos jovens se transformassem simultaneamente em “meros usuários de novas tecnologias” e “cidadãos de segunda classe”. Esse investimento rendeu o livro O Esquecimento de uma Arte: retórica, pedagogia e filosofia no século 21. Agora me volto para a construção de uma “filosofia da opinião”. Assim o exige o presente cenário de negacionismos e polarização política. Em uma frase, este texto resume uma história de busca de lugar curricular efetivamente formativo para a filosofia, sobretudo sintonizado com as presentes demandas. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Filosofia; Opinião; Conhecimento; Retórica Digital Teaching Philosophy and Opinion Formation in the Technical Era Abstract: I present here a balance of my research on philosophy teaching. The involvement goes back to my first teaching experiences when it became clear that knowledge of the philosophical tradition was not enough. But only in 2009, when I took over teacher training courses at PUC-Rio, the research has been formalized. Times were different: Philosophy and Sociology became mandatory in high school, and the Brazilian philosophical community intensified its attention to the field. In 2015 I joined the team that prepared the first versions of the BNCC. A lot has changed since then: Philosophy lost its fixed place in the curriculum, we entered a period of political uncertainty, and significant changes in opinion-forming processes came to light. I invested in rhetoric – classical and digital – as an element of teacher training. It was up to Philosophy to prevent our young people from becoming simultaneously “mere users of new technologies” and “second-class citizens.” This investment yielded the book The Oblivious of an Art: Rhetoric, Pedagogy, and Philosophy in the 21st Century. Now I focus on constructing a “philosophy of opinion,” as required by the present denialism and political polarization scenario. In short, this text summarizes the history of a search for an effectively formative curricular place for Philosophy, above all in tune with the present demands. Keywords: Teaching Philosophy; Opinion; Knowledge; Digital Rhetoric Enseñanza de la Filosofía y Formación de Opinión en la Era Técnica Resumen: Presento aquí un balance de mi investigación sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía. La implicación se remonta a mis primeras experiencias docentes, cuando quedó claro que el conocimiento de la tradición filosófica no era suficiente. Pero fue recién en 2009, cuando asumí los cursos de formación docente en la PUC-Rio, que se formalizó la investigación. Los tiempos eran otros: la Filosofía y la Sociología se volvieron obligatorias en la escuela secundaria y la comunidad filosófica brasileña intensificó su atención al campo. En 2015 me incorporé al equipo que elaboró ​​las primeras versiones de la BNCC. Mucho ha cambiado desde entonces. La obligación antes mencionada fue revocada y entramos en un período de incertidumbre política, que también se caracterizó por cambios significativos en los dispositivos de formación de opinión. Invertí en la retórica, clásica y digital, como elemento de formación docente. Correspondía a la Filosofía evitar que nuestros jóvenes se convirtieran simultáneamente en “meros usuarios de las nuevas tecnologías” y “ciudadanos de segunda”. Esta inversión dio como resultado el libro O Esquecimento de uma Arte: Retórica, Pedagogía y Filosofía en el Siglo 21. Paso ahora a la construcción de una “filosofía de la opinión”. Esto es lo que demanda el actual escenario de negacionismo y polarización política. En suma, este texto resume una historia de la búsqueda de un lugar curricular efectivamente formativo para la Filosofía, sobre todo en sintonía con las demandas actuales. Palabras clave: Enseñanza de la Filosofía; Opinión; Conocimiento; Retórica Digital Data de registro: 23/01/2023 Data de aceite: 23/08/2023. (shrink)

No presente artigo, analisamos as abordagens de António Damásio e Gerald Edelman sobre a consciência e fazemos um paralelo com as teses apresentadas pelo filósofo John Searle. Recorremos também às críticas dos filósofos Bennett e Hacker como pedras de toque da viabilidade de algumas teses. Desse modo, apresentamos uma revisão sistemática da obra de Damásio, Edelman e Searle, a fim de promover um diálogo produtivo entre as ideias defendidas por estes autores, os quais, segundo nossa interpretação, assumem uma teoria do (...) campo unificado da consciência. (shrink)

The affirmation that “there is no philosophy other than Western philosophy” is not in Heideggerian terms praise for the West. One of the ways Heidegger deals with the current hegemony of technology is the search for its historical-ontological origin, tracing the contemporary phenomenon back to its Greek roots. As there are no meta-narratives linking, for example, the China of Laozi to the technological power that China is today, one imagines that global developmentalism really has its epicenter in the West. Be (...) that as it may, East and West need to think about the paths that mysteriously define their common technological destiny. It is against this backdrop that some of Heidegger's references to the Dao will be revisited here. (shrink)

Reiteradamente, ao longo de sua obra, Heidegger referiu-se ao opúsculo Sobre a essência da verdade, cuja primeira elaboração data de 1930. Chega a dizer, em entrevista ao L’Express , ser esse trabalho a "dobradiça" entre Heidegger I e Heidegger II, inseparáveis um do outro. A questão da história é nele abordada na sua relação com a verdade do ser, mais exatamente, com a idéia de que a continuidade dos eventos que concerne a essa verdade está ontologicamente ligada a uma recusa (...) original do ser a uma inteligibilidade plena ou definitiva. Dessa recusa original decorre a liberdade e, simultaneamente, a possibilidade do erro, a errância; decorre, igualmente, a possibilidade de completo desnorteamento. Tomando essas teses como ponto de partida, é possível afastar da concepção heideggeriana de história quaisquer traços de processualismo ou teleologia, e, sobretudo, reconciliá-la com uma idéia simultaneamente geral e "concreta" de alteridade. É o que aqui se pretende.Over and over along his works Heidegger has mentioned the opuscule On the Essence of Truth, whose first elaboration dates from 1930. In an interview to L'Express he even comes to say about this work that it is a "hinge" between Heidegger I and Heidegger II, inseparable from each other. The text deals with the question of history in its reference to the truth of being, more precisely, to the idea that the continuity of events related to this truth is ontologically tied to an original refusal of being to a full or conclusive intelligibility. What is brought out of this original refusal is freedom but, at the same time, the possibility of error, errancy; it also follows the possibility of complete disorientation. Taking these thesis as a starting point, it is possible to move away from the heideggerian conception of history any traces of processualism or teleology and, above all, to reconcile it with an idea both broad and "concrete" of alterity. That's what we intended to do here. (shrink)

Trata-se da difícil questão do sentido em que, a partir de Heidegger, pode ser pensada uma superação da metafísica. O pano de fundo é a atualidade e a onipresença do seu acabamento técnico. A preocupação central é o problema do possível modo de ser - ou de sobreviver - de um pensamento que, imerso nessa onipresença, seja, ainda assim, capaz de interrogá-la. Questões como a do salto e da reviravolta revelam a espécie de contorcionismo envolvido nessa noção de superação, levando (...) a refletir, entre outras coisas, sobre a relação desse pensamento com a sua história. O desfecho é a identificação de um campo de preocupações no qual um pensamento posto diante da própria possibilidade de aniquilação coloca a si mesmo o problema hermenêutico de uma lúcida práxis pensante.We deal with a difficult question: the sense in which, after Heidegger, one can think of an overcoming of metaphysics. The background is the currency and omnipresence of its technical ending. Mainly focused is the problem of the possible way of being - or surviving - of a thought that, immersed in this omnipresence, is still able to inquire it. Questions such as that of the leap and the reversal show the kind of contortionism attached to this notion of overcoming. Among other issues, they call for a reflection on the relation of this thought with its history. The outcome is the identification of a field of matters which makes appear, for a thought facing the possibility of its own annihilation, the hermeneutic problem of a lucid thinking praxis. (shrink)

The concept of sex selection for “family balancing” is based on the notion that a family is “balanced” when it includes children of “both genders.” Clinics that offer IVF for family balancing present it as an option for couples who “want to experience the joy of raising both a male and female child”. Families with at least one child of each gender are claimed to have gender diversity and to provide more enriching experiences to all family members. Some theorists call (...) these families “balanced”, while others acknowledge that such a term could be pejorative, implying that families with children of one gender are unbalanced and, thereby, lesser. These theorists... (shrink)

Esta é uma resenha da obra: OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernandes. Educação e Militância Decolonial. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Selo Novo, 2022. Aborda a crítica ao eurocentrismo e à colonialidade na educação, defendendo práticas decoloniais e a valorização de saberes subalternizados. Foca no papel da militância e na ressignificação do conhecimento.

The concept of narrativity and narrative identity has two birth certificates: it is linked to the phenomenological tradition—beginning with Arendt’s “political phenomenology” —and to the tradition of German Idealism gradually slipping into existentialism. In this article, the author focuses on the latter tradition that helped to pave the way of the concept of narrative self. Key among the thinkers of Classical German Idealism has been Hegel, often considered the philosophical storyteller. Yet the author argues that Hegel’s concept of narrativity is (...) not exclusively applied to the self and has hardly any role in the constitution of consciousness. This is the reason why Hegel has the means to formulate a more convincing concept of the self and personal identity. The author does not deny that narrativity is seminal, both for leading a life as a human being and as a concrete person; however, originally consciousness and self-hood are born out of negativity. One enacts one’s selfhood, once one realizes that one has to interrupt narrativity, step in, refuse to live by it, or just ordinarily rephrase it consciously and by this appropriate it. (shrink)

How does the concept of personal identity relate to the subject of the Phenomenology of Spirit? Throughout this “Bildungsroman,” the intersubjective, social, and institutional layers essential for the self become apparent. Tereza Matějčková proposes that the identity of the self rests in the person's ability to reappropriate norms, rituals, and intersubjective settings that he or she is a part of. However, identity is not essential at the level of consciousness since substantially, consciousness is negativity. As a person, the human (...) being is a consciousness of the self, where the self relates to the social and intersubjective realm and to consciousness as the negativity that makes meaning possible. Consequently, personal identity is conceived of as “personal difference,” which is the active relating of self and consciousness. Matějčková argues that Hegel's Phenomenology is not exclusively a Bildungsroman and that on the margins of the Bildungsroman, a “Kollapsgeschichte” evolves, which is a story where the protagonist learns that an essential part of one's personality is the ability to break with one's environment, occasionally even with one's self. (shrink)

English summary: Criticism is often levelled at Hegel's philosophy of the absolute spirit for its being conceived at the expense of the world. In view of this, Hegel's regular reference to a world in the Phenomenology of Spirit is somewhat puzzling. How then are we to understand the presence of the world, or even numerous worlds? Tereza Matejckova contends that at every stage of its journey, consciousness designs a new world-model, each built on central concepts of the respective form (...) of consciousness. Consciousness thus finds itself in a world of contradiction, of life, of struggle, or one of unhappy diremption. The point of absolute knowledge is not that the world is now derived from consciousness itself, but rather that it conceives a world-model that corresponds with reality, as whose reflection it itself now grasps. German description: Oft wird gegen Hegel der Vorwurf erhoben, seine Philosophie des absoluten Geistes sei auf Kosten der Welt konzipiert. Umso auffallender ist, dass Hegel in der Phanomenologie des Geistes nahezu auf jeder Ebene auf eine Welt zu sprechen kommt. Wie ist diese Gegenwart der Welt, sogar einer Mehrzahl von Welten zu deuten? Tereza Matejckova behauptet, dass das Bewusstsein auf jeder Ebene seiner Genese ein Weltmodell entwirft, in dessen Zentrum Schlusselbegriffe der einschlagigen Bewusstseinsgestalt stehen. Das Bewusstsein findet sich somit in einer Welt des Widerspruchs, des Lebens, des Kampfes oder der unglucklichen Entzweiung wieder. Pointe des absoluten Wissens ist nicht, dass das Bewusstsein nun die Welt aus sich selbst ableitet, sondern dass es ein der Wirklichkeit entsprechendes Weltmodell konzipiert, als dessen Widerschein es sich selbst erfasst. (shrink)

Entre 1843 e 1844, em dois textos polêmicos, Sobre a questão judaica e Glosas críticas ao artigo “O rei da Prússia e a reforma social”. De um prussiano, Karl Marx empreende sua crítica ao Estado e à sociedade civil-burguesa, após seu acerto de contas com o pensamento de Hegel, mas antes de seu estudo mais profundo de economia política. De um lado, o pensador faz a crítica da política, ainda que sem condições de fazer uma profunda crítica da economia política. (...) De outro, ele reconhece a impossibilidade de analisar o Estado sem adentrar a sociedade que lhe confere base, de maneira que não se furta de tentar compreender as determinações da sociedade civil-burguesa, esforço que tem início já nos textos em questão. (shrink)

En los cien años del fallecimiento de Franz Kafka (1883-1924), este artículo estudia el valor de su obra para la tradicional discusión filosófica acerca de la naturaleza de la interpretación literaria. Particularmente, la tesis propuesta, sugiere el valor directriz de sus textos en la producción del sentido (apreciación literaria) de sus obras y, con ello, la peculiar intervención que desde allí se resuelve en el uso no-ficcional de nuestros conceptos. Así, el diseño del primer capítulo de El proceso es propuesto (...) como caso modélico de intervención de una ficción literaria en nuestra construcción cognitiva del mundo. (shrink)

Em que medida as alteridades não humanas se inscrevem na literatura brasileira contemporânea? Como alguns escritores brasileiros têm lidado com as relações paradoxais entre humanidade e animalidade, bem como com os problemas ecológicos do nosso tempo? Este artigo aborda a presença dos seres não humanos em obras de Nicanor Sena, Astrid Cabral, Olga Savary, Sérgio Medeiros e Josely Vianna Baptista, à luz de um referencial teórico transdisciplinar, que inclui pensadores como Ailton Krenak, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Dominique Lestel e Donna (...) Haraway. Outro tópico desenvolvido é o hibridismo cultural e textual que atravessa os trabalhos de alguns dos autores incluídos no repertório literário, de forma a mostrar como eles apresentam um caráter fronteiriço, com um forte viés transnacional, por estarem atravessados por elementos zoológicos e mitológicos, lendas indígenas, referências literárias diversas e diferentes espaços linguístico-geográficos. (shrink)

Two particular forms of absolute space-time theories are examined. There follows a derivation of their predictions for measurements that are within present-day detection limits.

Recent years have seen the proliferation of a global industry selling stem cell–based interventions. SCBIs are being marketed around the globe in both low- and high-income countries, including Australia, China, India, Japan, Mexico, and the United States. Per capita, Australia has one of the highest prevalence of clinics selling stem cell products per capita, and its drug regulator, the Therapeutic Goods Administration, has excluded autologous stem cells, which are obtained from the patient's own body, from the regulation of biological drug (...) products. This exemption has enabled rapid growth of a... (shrink)

We analyze some normative relations as instances of a general schema of relations among a finite number of parties; in this schema parties can play various roles grouped into two main conceptual layers, called 'subject position' and 'object position'. Relying on the theoretical apparatus introduced, we develop a new symbolic representation for normative reasoning which constitutes an alternative to approaches available in the literature. Our contribution includes a semantic characterization for a series of logical systems built over the proposed framework.

Nel contesto scientifico la plasticità e l’epigenesi sono divenuti due dei concetti più pregnanti del nostro tempo. Il primo, dislocato dal suo ambito originario, cioè l’estetica, continua a rivelare il suo potenziale filosofico, scientifico ed epistemologico. Nel pensiero di Catherine Malabou, la plasticità ha subito una vera e propria metamorfosi concettuale – dalla plasticità della temporalità alla plasticità cerebrale –, riferendosi alla capacità di ricevere e dare una forma. Allo stesso tempo, la “bomba al plastico” è una sostanza che provoca (...) violentissime deflagrazioni. Nel primo caso, la plasticità ha una valenza positiva, venendo concepita come una sorta di lavoro “scultoreo” in senso biologico. La plasticità struttura l’identità, costituisce la sua storia, la temporalità e l’avvenire di una soggettività vivente. Nel secondo, la plasticità è una pura negazione. Nessuno pensa alla “plasticità cerebrale” come il lavoro radicale del negativo all’opera nelle lesioni cerebrali, nella deformazione o nella rottura delle connessioni neuronali, nelle sofferenze psichiche, nelle strutturazioni che avvengono nel vivente, nei traumi vari, nelle catastrofi naturali e politiche, nelle malattie neurodegenerative. Nella sua evoluzione teorica la plasticità verrà articolata in stretta relazione con lo sviluppo neuronale. La neuroplasticità, come concetto scientifico, ci consente di stabilire un ancoraggio biologico alla questione della formazione e decostruzione della soggettività e della temporalità. In questo senso, la plasticità non è il semplice riflesso del mondo, ma è frutto di un’istanza biologica conflittuale che rivela la forma di un altro mondo possibile. Da un lato, l’elaborazione di un pensiero dialettico in ambito neuronale, inteso come sviluppo neuroplastico, ci permette di uscire dalla stretta alternativa tra riduzionismo e antiriduzionismo, la quale è sempre rappresento il limite teorico della filosofia occidentale degli ultimi anni. Dall'altro, è possibile assumere il carattere trascendentale del pensiero totalmente connessa alla sua materialità. La nozione di epigenesi, in questo caso, si afferma come una “nuova forma di trascendentale”. Come figura biologica l’epigenesi si pone come condizione di possibilità della conoscenza e della razionalità rivelando, pertanto, la sua caratteristica a priori. Per mezzo delle nozioni di plasticità ed epigenesi il tempo può essere indagato in stretta connessione con la vita, con lo sviluppo organico del vivente, oltre che a permetterci una nuova visione della soggettività. (shrink)

O objetivo geral desta contribuição é elucidar um dilema envolvido no debate sobre a relação entre o conhecimento teórico-prático e o valor estético da literatura. Para atingir esse objetivo, são analisados os argumentos defendidos por Peter Lamarque contra a redução epistêmica do valor literário. Em primeiro lugar, mostra-se que a defesa do valor cognitivo da literatura não necessariamente implica um compromisso com uma teoria proposicional do valor estético da literatura. Em segundo, que o que determina o valor estético da literatura (...) é a forma específica com que ganha a “batalha pelas ideias”. Portanto, segundo esta interpretação desse dilema, a opacidade narrativa não só não exclui de maneira alguma o nosso conhecimento de mundo, como a forma específica de conhecimento literário que ela constitui é o que explica o valor estético das obras literárias. (shrink)

Texto que vem demonstrar a correlação entre disciplinas tidas, por vezes, como díspares, no caso a linguística e a matemática, e como existe um real enlaçamento entre as mesmas, principalmente no campo analítico. O autor vem discorrer sobre uma epistemologia respeitosa pelas categorias próprias a cada conhecimento, de modo a tornar o desenvolvimento lógico-científico numa abordagem multidisciplinar, congregando várias áreas, principalemente, nesse caso, a inguística e a literatura, como fomentadoras de uma estruturação lógico-analítica ímpar ao cientista.

This paper aims at the construction of a structural coupling between object-oriented philosophy and Whitehead’s philosophy of organism by making a case for the primacy of the ontological principle through the proposal of a social object hypothesis. The social object here differs from traditional renderings of sociology, which are centered on humans’ activity and personalities, by way of recuperating Tarde’s social theory of associations. This theory provides us with a non-anthropocentric reading of sociality. This hypothesis will be furthered by the (...) introduction of the systemic category of internal/external, or system/environment, as a self-enclosure feature of social objects. Equipped with these two notions, we will discuss Graham Harman’s paper “Whitehead and Schools X, Y, and Z,” while rerouting his assessments to our own social object hypothesis. The final idea is to propose an alliance through the conception of a macro-ontological approach to philosophy of organism. We intend to show that this is not only coherently feasible regarding Whitehead’s own categoreal scheme, but also meets the requirements of being a real object in object-oriented ontology’s directives. (shrink)