The article inquires into some of the most relevant current transformations of the idea of the social in contemporary European welfare capitalism. Some crucial institutional ideas — employability and activation — of EU welfare capitalism and their connections with the new spirit of capitalism — network capitalism — are discussed. In particular, the way these ideas contribute to enacting institutional regimes of justification, framing in this a new idea of the social, is explored. The features of the latter will be (...) deepened with particular concern for two constitutive elements of European societal self-representation — individualization (as a social ideal and project) and publicness (as a fundamental characteristic of the institutional programme) — and regarding emerging paradoxes characterizing their current development. Arguments will be advanced in order to show that the currently dominant institutional regime of justification does not have a univocal, one-way fate of development, and both ties and opportunities are reconfigured. The idea of the social, even if reframed according to the social and institutional logics the article explores, is a terrain of (cultural, political, social and institutional) conflict. In this, possible counter-factual interpretations of the emerging institutional devices and practices, already at work on the social stage, can be further developed and strengthened. (shrink)

L’articolo analizza il campo di tensione tra cooperazione come principio intrinseco all’azione sociale e cooperazione come prodotto storico-sociale. Dopo aver richiamato le concezioni utilitariste e "contrattualiste" dell’azione sociale il nesso tra cooperazione e azione sociale viene presentato analiticamente nel contesto del capitalismo neoliberale. Muovendo da una coattiva estrazione di cooperazione che caratterizza tale quadro, vengono discussi i rischi di erosione delle basi sociali della cooperazione e del legame sociale che l’estrazione di cooperazione comporta. Nel solco del concetto di contromovimento delineato (...) da Polanyi viene tuttavia argomentata la necessità di superare ogni semplicistico schema dualistico mercato/società e di ricorrere ad una rilettura più complessa, in cui del sociale sia posta in evidenza la natura politica e si enfatizzi un ulteriore principio di qualificazione del contromovimento, vale a dire quello dell’emancipazione. (shrink)

The extended mind view and the embodied-grounded view of cognition and language are typically considered as rather independent perspectives. In this paper we propose a possible integration of the two views and support it proposing the idea of “Words As social Tools” (WAT). In this respect, we will propose that words, also due to their social and public character, can be conceived as quasi-external devices that extend our cognition. Moreover, words function like tools in that they enlarge the bodily space (...) of action thus modifying our sense of body. To support our proposal, we review the relevant literature on tool-use and on words as tools and report recent evidence indicating that word use leads to an extension of space close to the body. In addition, we outline a model of the neural processes that may underpin bodily space extension via word use and may reflect possible effects on cognition of the use of words as external means. We also discuss how reconciling the two perspectives can help to overcome the limitations they encounter if considered independently. (shrink)

Affordances, i.e. the opportunity of actions offered by the environment, are one of the central research topics for the theoretical perspectives that view cognition as emerging from the interaction between the environment and the body. Being at the bridge between perception and action, affordances help to question a dichotomous view of perception and action. While Gibson’s view of affordances is mainly externalist, many contemporary approaches define affordances as the product of long-term visuomotor associations in the brain. These studies have emphasized (...) the fact that affordances are activated automatically, independently from the context and the previous intention to act: for example, affordances related to objects’ size would emerge even if the task does not require focusing on size. This emphasis on the automaticity of affordances has led to overlook their flexibility and contextual-dependency. In this contribution I will outline and discuss recent perspectives and evidence that reveal the flexibility and context-dependency of affordances, clarifying how they are modulated by the physical, cultural and social context. I will focus specifically on social affordances, i.e. on how perception of affordances might be influenced by the presence of multiple actors having different goals. (shrink)

Habría que remontarse al periodo del emperador romano de Oriente, Justiniano, para recordar un Estado unitario en Italia. Una unidad política desmoronada tras la invasión de los Longobardos en el año 568-. La historia sucesiva registró 1300 años de divisiones que generaron naciones diversas, al menos en el sentir del pueblo común. Cada una de éstas desarrolló vicisitudes, cultura, usos y costumbres propios, muy diferentes entre los diversos Estados preunitarios. Baste como ejemplo decir que la alimentación del sur contaba con (...) productos ignorados por el norte. (shrink)

Todo lo que pertenece a la prehistoria de los pueblos suramericanos permanece envuelto en la sombra; ninguna de sus culturas poseía una escritura; no conocemos tampoco con absoluta certeza el nombre de alguna de aquellas poblaciones, ni siquiera el nombre del pueblo de los Incas (ya que con este nombre se designaba sólo a sus jefes)�.

Luz para enfocar unas joyas ocultas en espacios que, generalmente, no la reciben, celebrando el IV Centenario del Archivo Secreto Vaticano. Así nace la exposición "Lux in arcana" que, por primera vez saca un centenar de documentos de los registros de la Santa Sede para mostrarlos en los visitadísimos Museos Capitolinos de Roma.

La reseña arqueológica abierta en el prestigioso Museo de Nápoles despliega los extraordinarios descubrimientos que, ininterrumpidamente, desde hace tres siglos restituyen un lejano pasado al mundo entero. Un gran acontecimiento cultural que, entre otros valiosos testimonios, presenta las grandes obras escultóricas extraídas en Herculano -donde a principios del siglo XVIII se emprendió el camino de la arqueología moderna- al que se añade otro evento, la reapertura del atrio monumental del Museo destinado a espacio expositivo, consideraos ambos un estreno inmejorable para (...) las iniciativas públicas de la Superintendencia Especial para los Bienes Arqueológicos de Nápoles y Pompeya. (shrink)

Gracias a unas intervenciones de recuperación que se presentaban casi imposibles, dentro del amplio plan de restauración, precedido de investigaciones y estudios, de todo el conjunto de las edificaciones que bajo Augusto fueron realizadas en la colina del Palatino, se han abierto al público en Roma las puertas de la casa que Octaviano mandó edificar en el año 36 a.C., antes de convertirse en Augusto (27 a.C.-14d.C.).

Recent theories on abstract concepts and words (ACs), such as Words As social Tools (WAT) (Borghi et al., 2019b) and Language is an Embodied Neuroenhancement and Scaffold (LENS) (Dove, 2019) have underlined the crucial role of both sensorimotor experience and language for ACs representation and use [see Dove et al. (2020), for a comparison]. Here we focus on the WAT view. WAT highlights the role of language, sociality, and inner grounding (interoception, metacognition) for ACs. Furthermore, WAT seeks to integrate (...) a developmental perspective with approaches focusing on conceptual use and brain representation. We briefly illustrate evidence coming from both clinical and non-clinical populations and identify areas where additional evidence that ACs evoke linguistic, social, and interoceptive experience is still needed. (shrink)

The topic is characterized by a highly interdisciplinary approach to the issue of action and language integration. Such an approach, combining computational models and cognitive robotics experiments with neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and linguistic approaches, can be a powerful means that can help researchers disentangle ambiguous issues, provide better and clearer definitions, and formulate clearer predictions on the links between action and language. In the introduction we briefly describe the papers and discuss the challenges they pose to future research. We identify (...) four important phenomena the papers address and discuss in light of empirical and computational evidence: (a) the role played not only by sensorimotor and emotional information but also of natural language in conceptual representation; (b) the contextual dependency and high flexibility of the interaction between action, concepts, and language; (c) the involvement of the mirror neuron system in action and language processing; (d) the way in which the integration between action and language can be addressed by developmental robotics and Human-Robot Interaction. (shrink)

This Article calls into question the primary meaning of copyright law. It argues that copyright is not primarily a legal instrument, but rather a fundamental mode of human existence. The starting point of the analysis is Kant’s definition of a book as a "public address" and of author’s rights as ultimately being grounded in the furtherance and maintenance of truth. Building on Kant’s argument, the Article defines the copyright primary subject matter as the act of speaking publicly in one’s own (...) name, and the copyright sphere as the author-public coalescence that such act of speaking generates. This enables reaching a proper understanding of the scope of copyright and to characterizing its specificity as compared to its "fellow rights," patents and trademarks. (shrink)

Nell’articolata analisi della tesi di dottorato (2021), l’autrice era pervenuta a rintracciare nel καυχάομαι l’inscrizione del profilo fondativo dell’identità credente, che Paolo dispone in una sorta di percorso testuale lungo Rm 1‒5. L’articolo presenta la sintesi della ricerca precedente, riaprendo il confronto con i contributi successivi alla sua stesura ed in particolare con quelli della prospettiva di Paul within Judaism. Il dialogo con il recente studio di John M.G. BARCLAY, Paul and the Power of Grace, in sede conclusiva conferma il (...) guadagno dell’indagine in ordine agli sviluppi della soteriologia paolina. (shrink)

The paper focuses on mental imagery and concepts. First we discuss the possible reasons why the propositional view of representation was so successful among cognitive scientists interested in concepts. Then a novel perspective, the embodied view, is presented. Differently from the classic cognitivist view, this perspective acknowledges the importance of perceptual and motor imagery for concepts. According to the embodied perspective concepts are not given by propositional, abstract and amodal symbols but are grounded in sensorimotor processes. Neural and behavioral evidence (...) favouring this perspective is presented. The paper discusses the continuity, but also the differences, between the imagery view and the embodied view of conceptual representation. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo resulta de pesquisa que mapeou programas e atores privados que incidiam em redes públicas de educação dos 26 estados e Distrito Federal entre 2005 e 2018. Além do mapeamento, a pesquisa analisa programas educacionais operados por atores privados em cada uma das três dimensões da política - oferta educativa, currículo e gestão - conforme ADRIÃO (2018). Neste trabalho, analisa-se o Programa Acelera Brasil, criado pelo Instituto Ayrton Senna e selecionado por sua capilaridade, institucionalidade e longevidade na dimensão (...) da privatização do currículo no estado de Goiás. Consideramos as características do programa nas escolas estaduais e as implicações para o Direito Humano à Educação (DHE), com base em Tomasevski (2004). O artigo deriva de estudos bibliográficos e documentais. Os resultados identificam consequências negativas para o DHE, dentre as quais: falta de transparência acerca do Programa e seus resultados, dificultando o Controle Social, segregação dos alunos participantes do Acelera em salas separadas das turmas regulares e a ausência de monitoramento dos alunos egressos do Programa ou a não divulgação de seus resultados, desrespeitando as características fundamentais do DHE, quais sejam disponibilidade, acessibilidade, adaptabilidade e aceitabilidade. Palavras-chave: Privatização; Currículo; Programa Acelera Brasil; Direito Humano The “Acelera Brasil” Program in the state of Goiás: implications for the Human Right Education (HRE) Abstract: This article is the results of research that mapped programs and private actors that focused on public education networks in the 26 states and the Federal District between2005 and 2018. In addition to mapping, the research analyzes educational programs operated by private actors in the period, in each of the three dimensions of the policy - educational offer, curriculum and management - according to ADRIÃO (2018). In this work, we analyze the “Acelera Brasil” Program, created by the Ayrton Senna Institute and selected for its capillarity, institutionality and longevity in the dimension of privatization of the curriculum in the state of Goiás. We consider the characteristics of the program in state schools and the implications for the Human Right to Education (HRE), based on Tomasevski (2004). The article derives from bibliographic and documentary studies. The results identify negative consequences for the HRE, among which: lack of transparency about the Program and its results, hindering Social Control, segregation of students participating in “Acelera” in separate rooms from regular classes and the absence of monitoring of students who graduated from the Program or the non-disclosure of its results, disregarding the fundamental characteristics of HRE, wich are availability, accessibility, adaptaptability and acceptability. Key-words: Privatization; Curriculum; Acelera Brasil Program; Human Right El Programa “Acelera Brasil” en el estado de Goiás: implicaciones para el Derecho Humano a la Educación (DHE) Resumen: Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación que mapeó programas y actores privados que se enfocaron en redes de educación pública en los 26 estados y el Distrito Federal entre 2005 y 2018. Además del mapeo, la investigación analiza programas educativos operados por actores privados en el período, en cada una de las tres dimensiones de la política - oferta educativa, currículo y gestión - según ADRIÃO (2018). En este trabajo, analizamos el Programa “Acelera Brasil”, creado por el Instituto Ayrton Senna y seleccionado por su capilaridad, institucionalidad y longevidad en la dimensión de privatización del currículo en el estado de Goiás. Consideramos las características del programa en las escuelas públicas y las implicaciones para el Derecho Humano a la Educación (DHE), con base en Tomasevski (2004). El artículo deriva de estudios bibliográficos y documentales. Los resultados identifican consecuencias negativas para la DHE, entre las cuales: la falta de transparencia sobre el Programa y sus resultados, dificultando el Control Social, la segregación de los estudiantes participantes de “Acelera” en salones separados de las clases regulares y la ausencia de seguimiento de los estudiantes egresados ​​de el Programa o la no divulgación de sus resultados, lesionando las características fundamentales lo DHE, que son la disponibilidad, accesibilidad, adaptaptabilidad y la aceptabilidad Palabras clave: Privatización; Plan de estudios; Programa Acelera Brasil; Derecho Humano Data de registro: 31/05/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

In this paper I discuss the concept of time in physics. I consider the thermal time hypothesis and I claim that thermal clocks and atomic clocks measure different physical times, whereby thermal time and relativistic time are not compatible with each other. This hypothesis opens the possibility of a new foundation of the theory of physical time, and new perspectives in theoretical and philosophical researches.

O presente artigo analisa a física pré-socrática como origem comum de filosofia e ciência, destacando que o esquecimento desta origem comum pode prejudicar tanto a filosofia como a ciência. A física pré-socrática envolve, em uma única busca, o que nos acostumamos a considerar como próprio da reflexão filosófica, e que tem uma dimensão essencialmente metafísica, e aquela investigação empírica que caracteriza o conhecimento científico. Mas a peculiaridade da física originária consiste na junção inextricável destas duas dimensões: antes da reflexão filosófica (...) ser filosofia e da investigação empírica ser ciência, as duas foram, de forma nascente, "investigação sobre a physis". O aparecimento da racionalidade filosófico-científica na Grécia antiga é normalmente considerado como uma passagem do mythos ao logos, de elaborações mais ou menos fantasiosas à observação da realidade e de uma visão religiosa à uma visão profana e laica do mundo e da vida. O artigo analisa criticamente estas três questões para poder detectar traços constitutivos do código genético comum à filosofia e ciência. (shrink)

The overblown, somewhat dramatic media interpretation of microbiota-gut-brain literature is highly misleading. This phenomenon is not new to neuroscience, wherein rapidly evolving research fields struggle to translate findings into clinical practice. Advances in microbiology might integrate our understanding of complex biological pathways that should be interpreted within neuropsychiatric symptom dimensions rather than specific disorders.

Tipificación del "otro" en el espaciamiento cognitivo de la modernidad líquida según Zygmunt Bauman.

This volume explores how language, and particularly abstract language, shapes our thought. Academic researchers and graduate students in philosophy of language and cognitive sciences will benefit.

Thinking about what the senses cannot grasp is one of the hallmarks of human cognition. We argue that “intangible abstracta” are represented differently from other products of abstraction, that goal-derived categorization supports their learning, and that they are grounded also in internalized linguistic and social interaction. We conclude by suggesting different ways in which abstractness contributes to cement group cohesion.

Two experiments, one on school-aged children and one on adults, explored the mechanisms underlying responses to an image prime followed by graspable objects that were, in certain cases, dangerous. Participants were presented with different primes and objects representing two risk levels . The task required that a natural/artifact categorization task be performed by pressing different keys. In both adults and children graspable objects activated a facilitating motor response, while dangerous objects evoked aversive affordances, generating an interference-effect. Both children and adults (...) were sensitive to the distinction between biological and non-biological hands, however detailed resonant mechanisms related to the hand-prime gender emerged only in adults. Implications for how the concept of “dangerous object” develops and the relationship between resonant mechanisms and perception of danger are discussed. (shrink)

Artefacts are usually understood in contrast with natural kinds and conceived as a unitary kind. Here we propose that there is in fact a variety of artefacts: from the more concrete to the more abstract ones. Moreover, not every artefact is able to fulfil its function thanks to its physical properties: Some artefacts, particularly what we call “institutional” artefacts, are symbolic in nature and require a system of rules to exist and to fulfil their function. Adopting a standard method to (...) measure conceptual representation (the property generation task), we have experimentally explored how humans conceptualise these different kinds of artefacts. Results indicate that institutional artefacts are typically opposed to social objects, while being more similar to standard artefacts, be they abstract or concrete. (shrink)

The mental representation of one’s own body does not necessarily correspond to the physical body. For instance, a dissociation between perceived and actual reach-ability has been shown, that is, individuals perceive that they can reach objects that are out of grasp. We presented participants with 3D pictures of objects located at four different distances, namely near-reaching space, actual-reaching space, perceived-reaching space and non-reaching space. Immediately after they were presented with function, manipulation, observation or pointing verbs and were required to judge (...) if the verb was compatible with the object.Participants were faster with function and manipulation verbs than with observation and pointing verbs. Strikingly, with both function and manipulation verbs participants were faster when objects were presented in actual than the perceived reaching space. These findings suggest that our knowledge of the world is implicitly built online through behaviour, and is not necessarily reflected in explicit estimates or conscious representations. (shrink)

This study investigates the acquisition of integrated object manipulation and categorization abilities through a series of experiments in which human adults and artificial agents were asked to learn to manipulate two-dimensional objects that varied in shape, color, weight, and color intensity. The analysis of the obtained results and the comparison of the behavior displayed by human and artificial agents allowed us to identify the key role played by features affecting the agent/environment interaction, the relation between category and action development, and (...) the role of cognitive biases originating from previous knowledge. (shrink)

Traditionally, research on affordances and emotions follows two separate routes. For the first time, this article explicitly links the two phenomena by investigating whether, in a discrimination task, the motivational states induced by emotional images can modulate affordances-related motor response elicited by dangerous and neutral graspable objects. The results show faster RTs: for both neutral and dangerous objects with neutral images; for dangerous objects with pleasant images; for neutral objects with unpleasant images. Overall, these data support a significant effect of (...) emotions on affordances. The article also proposes a brain neural network underlying emotions and affordance interplay. (shrink)