Type 2 diabetes has been considered a public health threat due to its growing prevalence, particularly in the older population. It is important to know the effects of psychosocial stress and its potential consequences for some basic cognitive processes that are important in daily life. Currently, there is very little information about how people with T2D face acute psychosocial stressors, and even less about how their response affects working memory, which is essential for their functionality and independence. Our aim was (...) to characterize the response to an acute laboratory psychosocial stressor and its effects on WM in older people with T2D. Fifty participants with T2D from 52 to 77 years old were randomly assigned to a stress or control condition. Mood and physiological responses to tasks were measured. In addition, participants completed a WM test before and after the stress or control task. Our results showed that the TSST elicited higher negative affect and greater C and sAA responses than the control task. No significant differences in WM were observed depending on the exposure to stress or the control task. Finally, participants who showed higher C and sAA responses to the stressor had lower WM performance. Our results indicate that medically treated older adults with T2D show clear, typical mood and physiological responses to an acute psychosocial stressor. Finally, the lack of acute psychosocial stress effects on WM suggests that it could be related to aging and not to this disease, at least when T2D is adequately treated. (shrink)

La recepción durante el siglo XXse preguntó si la filosofía nietzscheana era a-, im- o anti-política, es decir, si podía ser asimilada por la democracia, o si era antimoderna, elitista y reaccionaria. El italiano Roberto Esposito ha propuesto leerla como formando e informando el paradigma de la biopolítica. Se discuten cuatro lecturas de esa biopolítica: como formadora del paradigma de la inmunidad, como tanatopolítica, como liberal y neoliberal, y como biopolítica afirmativa.

Se pretende en este estudio cuestionarnos sobre el significado de Leer, y desde esta pregunta encaminarnos a la cuestión tratada por Heidegger en ¿qué significa pensar? sobre el pensar y el decir. Ello en el contexto de la indagación hermenéutica de las modalidades del decir de leer, interpretar y comprender en la obra de Martin Heidegger. Esto nos obliga, en primer lugar, escuchar los sentidos arcaicos en griego de légein y noeīn y sus derivas en la lengua castellana y el (...) alemán de Heidegger. (shrink)

En este trabajo se incurre en la temática de la "época de la acabada carencia de sentido" en el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. Un ejercicio de pensar en la instancia de la pregunta por la verdad del ser y como esta misma nos interpela en el olvido del olvido del ser y en la carencia de necesidad. Aprender a preguntar es el requisito fundamental para poder aprender a pensar, por ello el juego de escritura que aquí se realiza es intentar (...) plantear las preguntas necesarias que nos encaminen en el desvelamiento (Aletheia) del Ser (SeynO. (shrink)

In this paper, I aim to explore whether fitness, understood as a causal disposition, can be characterized as an emergent property of organisms, or if it is reducible to the anatomical, physiological, and environmentally relative properties that characterize them. In doing so, I refer to Jessica Wilson’s characterization of ontological emergence and examine if fitness meets her criteria for ontological emergent properties (dependence and autonomy); and, if so, to what degree (weak or strong).

Durante las últimas décadas, la vinculación entre las imágenes y la seguridad pública se profundizó en dimensiones impensadas. Las políticas de seguridad incorporaron sistemáticamente circuitos cerrados de televisión (CCTV) para monitoreo del espacio público entre sus tecnologías para el control social y la prevención situacional del delito. Producto de la expansión de la video-vigilancia, comenzó a crecer notablemente el interés académico por la temática, sobre todo en Europa y América del Norte. América Latina, por su parte, se ha incorporado a (...) estos debates más recientemente. El artículo propone un recorrido por los trabajos que han analizado el uso de cámaras de seguridad desde distintas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas. Esta reconstrucción del estado del arte se organiza a partir de los aspectos de la video-vigilancia que han sido privilegiados: el diálogo teórico con nociones como el control social, el panoptismo y las biopolíticas; la efectividad en la reducción del delito; el rol en la delimitación de las ciudades y clasificación social; el marco normativo y el conflicto con ciertos derechos individuales. El objetivo es reponer los debates que surgen al interior de este eje temático y dar cuenta de algunas cuestiones aún escasamente abordadas en el ámbito de la investigación regional. (shrink)

EDITORIAL. ASTROLABIO NUEVA ÉPOCA, Nº 13.

EDITORIAL. ASTROLABIO NUEVA ÉPOCA, Nº 14.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:'I am cringe, but I am free':A Reparative Reading of Assuming the Ecosexual PositionVanesa Raditz (bio) and Jess Martinez (bio)Annie Sprinkle, Beth Stephens, Jennie Klein, and Linda Montano. Assuming the Ecosexual Position: The Earth as Lover. University of Minnesota Press, 2021. ISBN 9781452965796.INTRODUCTIONEcosexual: Eco from the ancient Greek oikos; sexual from Latin, sexuales 1. a person who finds nature romantic, sensual, erotic, or sexy, which can include humans or (...) not. 2. A new sexual identity (self-identified). 3. A person who takes the Earth as their lover. 4. A term used in dating advertisements. 5. An environmental activist strategy. 6. A grassroots movement. 7. A person who has a more expanded concept of what sex and orgasm are beyond mainstream definitions. 8. A person who imagines sex as an ecology that extends beyond the physical body.Assuming the Ecosexual Position: The Earth As Lover (Sprinkle and Stephens 2021, 2)What does it mean to take the Earth as a lover? How does it change our experiences of pleasure in our bodies to give attention to the eroticism of air in our lungs, mud on our skin, or water in our throats? How would it shape our ethical commitments to these elements that we depend upon for life if we were to reconnect with them as pleasurable extensions of our own bodies? These questions are at the heart of the decades-long research-creation performance-art collaboration between Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens that has built an international "ecosexual" identity and movement, a tale that they document in their new book, Assuming the Ecosexual Position: The Earth as Lover. Part travelog, part relationship memoir, part how-to guide, Assuming the Ecosexual Position chronicles [End Page 105] the emergence and evolution of their ecosex concept and community through a playful recounting of over a decade of productions: performative weddings to the earth, moon, lakes, rocks and beyond; theatrical two-women sexecology performances that culminate in explicit sex in piles of earth; ecosex walking tours; workshops; public sex clinics; documentary films; and so much more.Woven throughout are philosophical reflections on the entanglements between bodies, land, sex, eroticism, and love, many of which emerge from ecofeminist thought, pollinated with the post-porn, sex-positive, queer feminism of the 80s and 90s. In introducing their philosophical inspirations, they name Greta Gaard's classic piece on queering ecofeminism (18) which stimulated a body of work describing the ways that patriarchal systems of power simultaneously oppress women, the erotic, and nature (1997). Drawing upon Sprinkle's background in porn and post-porn modernist theater, Stephens' background as a queer artist with a doctorate in Performance Studies, their mutual interest in sex education, and their love for the redwoods of Santa Cruz, the pair crafted ecosexuality as a particular lens for expanding queer ecofeminist inquiry into the power of sexual liberation for ecological liberation, which they do through the creative methodologies of performance. The performance art practice that they develop has significant inspiration from the Fluxus art movement, which resisted the authority of museums to define the meaning or value of art, and encouraged the active practice and production of art throughout life.Among the inspirations they list in the introduction to Assuming the Ecosexual Position, Donna Haraway and Kim TallBear stand out. Donna Haraway's presence is felt throughout the book—as a colleague of Stephens at UC Santa Cruz, as a friend at their Wedding to the Earth, as a collaborator in the documentary Water Makes Us Wet, and ultimately, as a posthuman philosopher (Haraway 2000) who has inspired Stephens and Sprinkle to "see ecosex as a conceptual art practice and a way of thinking beyond individual identity, and even beyond human beings, to envision a larger system—an ecology of relationships" (8). The authors also express the influence of their evolving relationship with Kim TallBear, with whom Beth studied while pursuing her PhD, and who has encouraged the pair to leverage this posthuman and new materialist consciousness towards decolonial politics (TallBear 2015). They cite one of TallBear's blog posts on ecosexuality, where she encourages ecosexuals to use a critical eye towards "New Age" appropriation of Native American ceremonies... (shrink)

En este artículo analizamos las narrativas de los grandes medios de comunicación en la actualidad, en particular, de los diarios de mayor circulación nacional: Clarín y La Nación, en sus versiones digitales. Nos centramos, específicamente, en la relación neoliberalismo – reforma laboral – representaciones mediáticas, y proponemos un análisis de las lecturas preferenciales (Hall, 1981) que destacan estos medios sobre una posible reforma laboral en Argentina, a partir de 2017. El objetivo de este estudio es indagar los mecanismos discursivos y (...) las estrategias de representación que utilizan estos medios para producir y reproducir ciertas miradas sobre la flexibilización y las reformas laborales. Los interrogantes que se plantean son: ¿Qué se visibiliza, qué se enfatiza y qué se oculta en estas narrativas mediáticas digitales cuando se informa sobre una posible reforma laboral? ¿De qué modo se buscan sentar las bases ideológicas para crear un consenso social sobre la cuestión? ¿En qué marco de significación se destaca al trabajo, la flexibilización laboral, la precariedad? ¿Cómo son representados empresarios y sindicatos? Metodológicamente, se utiliza un enfoque sociosemiótico que focaliza en el análisis de los sentidos sociales que recorren a las nociones de flexibilización laboral, reformas y precariedad, a partir de los elementos formales, de contenido y de fuentes, presentes en las noticias digitales sobre la temática. Consideramos que las representaciones privilegiadas y los sentidos sociales que los medios, sobre todo los más concentrados y con un lugar jerarquizado en la estructura mediática nacional, atribuyen a reformas laborales, conflictos, formas de flexibilización, condiciones de trabajo, resultan una variable interesante para explorar los procesos culturales de construcción del sentido común y de reproducción de estereotipos sociales, en contextos neoliberales. (shrink)

Presentación de la sección Monográfica Nº 19: La experiencia de los públicos en América Latina por Vanina Papalini y Melisa Maina.

EDITORIAL. ASTROLABIO NUEVA ÉPOCA, Nº 17.

El presente artículo propone un análisis sobre el impacto del movimiento feminista universitario nucleado en la Red Interuniversitaria por la Igualdad de Género y contra las Violencias (RUGE), del Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional (CIN), en el sistema universitario argentino. Para ello se trabajó con datos cuantitativos provenientes de un diagnóstico sobre la implementación de políticas de género en las instituciones universitarias realizado por la RUGE en 2020. El diagnóstico relevó información de 60 universidades nacionales y provinciales sobre políticas de género y (...) las acciones colectivas para llegar a producir e implementar esas políticas. En relación con los resultados, observamos que el movimiento feminista universitario, en pocos años, pudo generar cambios en las instituciones de educación superior promoviendo protocolos de actuación frente a situaciones de discriminación y violencia de género, capacitaciones sobre la temática en el marco de la “Ley Micaela” y espacios institucionales para garantizar las políticas de género. No obstante, también se detectaron obstáculos relevantes para el crecimiento y promoción de las políticas de género que se podrían traducir en los futuros desafíos de las feministas universitarias. (shrink)

Muchos estudiantes universitarios se enfrentan por primera vez a la búsqueda de empleo cuando acaban sus estudios de grado y, además, sin haber redactado nunca una carta de presentación o un currículum. Una formación transversal sobre este tipo de cuestiones debería estar presente en los estudios de grado, independientemente del área de conocimiento. En esta propuesta presentamos la integración de este tipo de textos específicos en el temario de tres asignaturas diferentes. Para ello, explicamos la metodología llevada a cabo, los (...) resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones de esta propuesta docente. (shrink)

Este artículo surge de la creciente necesidad de innovación en el campo de la evaluación del Pensamiento Crítico. Para ello, se ha diseñado un Sistema de Evaluación Integrada (SEI) orientado a la valoración de competencias transversales como son las competencias críticas, argumentativas y discursivas en el contexto de los estudios literarios. Este SEI, que incluye distintas herramientas (rúbricas para la evaluación de tareas orales y escritas, ejemplos de plantillas de autoevaluación, cuestionarios de co-evaluación y fichas de autocomprobación) ha resultado muy (...) valioso para el equipo docente a la hora de evaluar a estudiantes provenientes de distintos grados filológicos. (shrink)

States restrict immigration on a massive scale. Governments fortify their borders with walls and fences, authorize border patrols, imprison migrants in detention centers, and deport large numbers of foreigners. Unjust Borders: Individuals and the Ethics of Immigration argues that immigration restrictions are systematically unjust and examines how individual actors should respond to this injustice. Javier Hidalgo maintains that individuals can rightfully resist immigration restrictions and often have strong moral reasons to subvert these laws. This book makes the case that (...) unauthorized migrants can permissibly evade, deceive, and use defensive force against immigration agents, that smugglers can aid migrants in crossing borders, and that citizens should disobey laws that compel them to harm immigrants. Unjust Borders is a meditation on how individuals should act in the midst of pervasive injustice. (shrink)

This paper argues for a dilemma: you can accept liberalism or immigration restrictions, but not both. More specifically, the standard arguments for restricting freedom of movement apply equally to textbook liberal freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, occupation and reproductive choice. We begin with a sketch of liberalism’s core principles and an argument for why freedom of movement is plausibly on a par with other liberal freedoms. Next we argue that, if a state’s right to self-determination grounds a prima (...) facie right to restrict immigration, then it also grounds a prima facie right to restrict freedom of speech, religion, sexual choice and more. We then suggest that the social costs associated with freedom of immigration are also costs associated with occupational choice, speech and reproduction. Thus, a state’s interest in reducing these costs gives it prima facie justification to restrict not only immigration but also other core liberal freedoms. Moreover, we rebut the objection that, even if the standard arguments for a prima facie right to restrict immigration also support a prima facie right to restrict liberal freedoms generally, there are differences that render immigration restrictions – but not restrictions on speech, religion, etc. – justified all things considered. In closing, we suggest that the theoretical price of supporting immigration restrictions – viz., compromising a commitment to liberal principles – is too steep to pay. (shrink)

Suppose that it was possible to teletransport. The teletransporter would destroy your old brain and body and construct an identical brain and body at a new location. Would you survive teletransportation? Many people think that teletransportation would kill you. On their view, the person that emerges from the teletransporter would be a replica of you, but it wouldn't be you. In contrast, I argue that there's no relevant difference between teletransportation and ordinary survival. So, if you survive ordinary life, then (...) you survive teletransportation. Yet my argument may also show that we have little prudential reason to care about our survival in general. (shrink)

Many political theorists argue that immigration restrictions are unjust and defend broadly open borders. In this paper, I examine the implications of this view for individual conduct. In particular, I argue that the citizens of states that enforce unjust immigration restrictions have duties to disobey certain immigration laws. States conscript their citizens to help enforce immigration law by imposing legal duties on these citizens to monitor, report, and refrain from interacting with unauthorized migrants. If an ideal of open borders is (...) true, these laws are unjust. Furthermore, if citizens comply with their legal duties, they contribute to violating the rights of migrants. We are obligated to refrain from contributing to rights-violations. So, citizens are obligated to disobey immigration laws. I defend the moral requirement to disobey immigration laws against the objection that disobedience to the law is excessively risky and the objection that citizens have political obligations to obey the law. (shrink)

States heavily restrict immigration, and many people violate these restrictions. For example, unauthorized immigrants cross borders without official permission, and other actors, such as people smugglers, assist them in doing so. How should we evaluate resistance to immigration law from a moral perspective? In this article, I survey recent work on the ethics of resisting immigration law. In particular, I examine three categories of resistance to immigration law as the following: unauthorized immigration, people smuggling, and citizens' resistance to laws that (...) prohibit them from assisting or interacting with unauthorized immigrants. (shrink)

A reality-design gap in the conceptualization and practice of digital agriculture has been systematically reported in the literature. This condition is favored by the lack of understanding and inclusion of local worldviews around digital technologies. Informed by Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, this study looks to bring stories of local appropriation to the spotlight. Based on a qualitative approach that included data collected through interviews with 73 households, the authors explored the way in which two selected communities of Colombian coffee growers (...) are engaged in the use of digital technologies in material and symbolic ways. Three emergent themes—a relational way of farming, (dis)connected machines, and nurtured families and communities – articulate multiple interactions between farmers, farms, institutional programs, and technologies, that originate local forms of digitalization (and non-digitalization). This study points out the relevant role of situated ideas of development in positioning technologies in or out of the farm, and broader digitalization agendas in or out of farmers’ life projects. At the same time, it presents a critique of notions of universality that drive unquestioned quests for technification. In contrast, building on a relational perspective, this study calls for embracing a perspective of multiplicity within notions of development and innovation. (shrink)

Several political theorists argue that states have rights to self-determination and these rights justify immigration restrictions. Call this: the self-determination argument for immigration restrictions. In this article, I develop an objection to the self-determination argument. I argue that if it is morally permissible for states to restrict immigration because they have rights to self-determination, then it can also be morally permissible for states to deport and denationalize their own citizens. We can either accept that it is permissible for states to (...) deport and denationalize their own citizens or reject the self-determination argument. To avoid this implication, we should reject the self-determination argument. That is, we should also reject the conclusion that rights to self-determination can justify any significant immigration restrictions. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPeople smugglers help transport migrants across international borders without authorization and in return for compensation. Many people object to people smuggling and believe that the smuggling of migrants is an evil trade. In this paper, I offer a qualified defense of people smuggling. In particular, I argue that people smuggling that assists refugees in escaping threats to their rights can be morally justified. I then rebut the objections that people smugglers exploit migrants, have defective motivations, and wrongly violate the law. (...) My conclusion is that people smuggling is sometimes a permissible way of helping refugees to evade unjust immigration restrictions and compelling states to bear their fair share of the global refugee population. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Do Buddhist philosophical commitments support a particular theory of well-being? Most authors who have examined this question argue that Buddhist ideas are compatible with multiple theories of well-being. In this paper, I contend that one tradition of Buddhist philosophy—Abhidharma—does imply a specific theory of welfare. In particular, Abhidharma supports hedonism. Most Ābhidharmikas claim that only property-particulars called dharmas ultimately exist and I argue that an Abhidharmic theory of well-being should only refer to these properties. Yet the only dharmas that (...) could plausibly be intrinsically good are phenomenal properties that are good in virtue of how they feel. Thus, the only intrinsically good things are pleasures. I defend this surprising conclusion from various interpretative objections and show that my argument can also inform contemporary philosophical debates about welfare. (shrink)

Concern for global warming, climate change and pollution has grown in recent years, with countries across the world facing natural disasters on unprecedented scales. The communication of environmental protection is therefore a necessary area of enquiry, especially from a Conceptual Metaphor Theory perspective. The present article explores (1) how the themes of global warming, climate change, pollution and activism are conceptualized in a corpus of 51 noncommercial advertisements, (2) the interaction of metonymy with metaphor, (3) the distribution across verbal and (...) visual modes of metaphoric source and target domains, and (4) how value is evoked. Findings show that half of the corpus frames environmental themes through source domains such as weapons, predators and natural disasters. The other half triggers incongruous mappings, such as between concrete entities, and relies on metonymic processes of inference to access the main rhetorical message. Among the most frequent metonymies, CAUSE-EFFECT and CATEGORY FOR SALIENT PROPERTY highlight the negative effects of the represented phenomena. Multimodality usually occurs within source and/or target domains rather than across the metaphoric mapping. Most of the campaigns project mixed value, where a negative evaluation of a theme is accompanied by a positive message, inviting the audience to take action. (shrink)

This essay explains why there are good reasons to practice philosophy as a way of life. The argument begins with the assumption that we should live well but that our understanding of how to live well can be mistaken. Philosophical reason and reflection can help correct these mistakes. Nonetheless, the evidence suggests that philosophical reasoning often fails to change our dispositions and behavior. Drawing on the work of Pierre Hadot, the essay claims that spiritual exercises and communal engagement mitigate the (...) factors that prevent us from living in accord- ance with our conceptions of the good life. So, many of us have reasons to engage in philosophical reasoning along with behavioral, cognitive, and social strategies to alter our behavior and attitudes so that they’re in line with our philosophical commitments. In these respects, many of us should practice philosophy as a way of life. (shrink)

Yogācāra is a tradition of Buddhist philosophy that made important contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, and logic. While contemporary philosophers have engaged with these aspects of Yogācāra, few authors have explored the implications of Yogācāra for moral theory. In this paper, I aim to fill this gap by constructing an argument for impartial benevolence or compassion that draws on the resources of the Yogācāra tradition. According to an influential interpretation of Yogācāra, ultimate reality consists in the flow of perceptions and experience, (...) empty of the subject-object duality. I argue that, if this understanding of ultimate reality is correct, then we are unable to individuate streams of consciousness from one another. Yet I contend that there is an intrinsic normative distinction between my suffering and the suffering of others only if we can individuate streams of consciousness. Thus, there is not an intrinsic normative distinction between my suffering and the suffering of others. It follows from this conclusion that the suffering of all beings should be impartially prevented without distinction. I suggest that this argument can help explain how the impartial compassion of bodhisattvas flows from their insight into the nature of reality. (shrink)

Many organisations in rich countries actively recruit health workers from poor countries. Critics object to this recruitment on the grounds that it has harmful consequences and that it encourages health workers to violate obligations to their compatriots. Against these critics, I argue that the active recruitment of health workers from low-income countries is morally permissible. The available evidence suggests that the emigration of health workers does not in general have harmful effects on health outcomes. In addition, health workers can immigrate (...) to rich countries and also satisfy their obligations to their compatriots. It is consequently unjustified to blame or sanction organisations that actively recruit health workers. (shrink)

Derek Parfit influentially defends reductionism about persons, the view that a person’s existence just consists in the existence of a brain and body and the occurrence of a series of physical and mental events. Yet some critics, particularly Mark Johnston, have raised powerful objections to Parfit’s reductionism. In this paper, I defend reductionism against Johnston. In particular, I defend a radical form of reductionism that Buddhist philosophers developed. Buddhist reductionism can justify key features of Parfit’s position, such as the claims (...) that personal identity is not what matters and can also be indeterminate. Furthermore, Buddhist reductionism can avoid Johnston’s objections to Parfit’s reductionism. I conclude that reductionists have good reasons to favor Buddhist reductionism over Parfit’s version. (shrink)

States have rights to unilaterally determine their own immigration policies under international law and few international institutions regulate states’ decision-making about immigration. As a result, states have extensive discretion over immigration policy. In this paper, I argue that states should join international migration institutions that would constrain their discretion over immigration. Immigration restrictions are morally risky. When states restrict immigration, they risk unjustly harming foreigners and restricting their freedom. Furthermore, biases and epistemic defects pervasively influence states’ decision-making about immigration policy. (...) States should transfer some of their decision-making authority over immigration to more reliable institutions in order to mitigate the risks that they will unjustly restrict immigration. International institutions that include the interests of potential immigrants would be more reliable with respect to immigration policy than unilateral state decision-making. Thus, states should subject their immigration policies to international control. (shrink)

Many people think that citizenship should not be for sale. On their view, it is morally wrong for states to sell citizenship to foreigners. In this article, I challenge this view. I argue that it is in principle permissible for states to sell citizenship. I contend that, if states can permissibly deny foreigners access to citizenship in some cases, then states can permissibly give foreigners the option of buying citizenship in these cases. Furthermore, I defend the permissibility of selling citizenship (...) against the objections that selling citizenship values citizenship in the wrong way, corrupts civic norms, and unfairly discriminates against poor foreigners. I conclude by noting that, although selling citizenship is not intrinsically wrong, it could still be wrong for states to sell citizenship in practice. If existent immigration restrictions are unjust, then it may be impermissible for states to sell citizenship in the real world. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo avanzar en el análisis de la argumentación religiosa, en concreto en la persuasión en la prédica actual, mediante el reconocimiento y cuantificación de los mecanismos pragmalingüísticos que favorecen la integración del oyente en el discurso del orador religioso. El corpus examinado consta de 50 homilías orales grabadas en la primera década del siglo XXI. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el empleo de la mayoría de dichos mecanismos tiene una incidencia semejante tanto en las homilías (...) para adultos como para las de niños, a excepción de las fórmulas interactivas y la recurrencia al saber popular en los que se evidencia con notoriedad la diferencia. Por tanto, estas conclusiones aportan luz a lo dictado en la teoría homilética de la actualidad que apunta que “hay que acercarse al feligrés”, pero no dice cómo. (shrink)

We give a short proof of the fundamental theorem of central element theory. The original proof is constructive and very involved and relies strongly on the fact that the class be a variety. Here we give a more direct nonconstructive proof which applies for the more general case of a first-order class which is both closed under the formation of direct products and direct factors.

El Programa Interuniversitario de la Experiencia (PIE) de la Universidad de Burgos (UBU), como programa de educación no formal para personas adultas, ha buscado ampliar las oportunidades de sus estudiantes y personal a través del desarrollo de asociaciones internacionales en el marco del Programa Erasmus+. Teniendo en cuenta las prioridades del Programa, como son la inclusión y la diversidad, la transformación digital, el medio ambiente y la lucha contra el cambio climático y la participación en la vida democrática, se ha (...) articulado un completo proyecto KA122-ADU de movilidad de corta duración de Educación de Personas Adultas. (shrink)

A large body of evidence suggests that the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) improves learning. In courses that use PSI, the material is divided into units, students must pass a test on each unit before advancing to the next unit, there’s no group-level instruction, and students advance in the course at their own pace. While studies find that PSI improves learning outcomes in a wide range of settings, researchers haven’t studied the effectiveness of PSI in critical thinking classes. In this (...) paper, I argue that teaching critical thinking with PSI can effectively promote critical thinking skills. I describe a course that uses PSI to teach critical thinking and I present evidence from pre- and post-tests that indicates that students substantially improved their reasoning skills in this course. I also discuss the costs and drawbacks of using this method of instruction and consider ways of addressing these problems. (shrink)