Results for 'calibration'

564 found
Order:
  1. Calibration, Coherence, and Consilience in Radiometric Measures of Geologic Time.Alisa Bokulich - 2020 - Philosophy of Science 87 (3):425-456.
    In 2012, the Geological Time Scale, which sets the temporal framework for studying the timing and tempo of all major geological, biological, and climatic events in Earth’s history, had one-quarter of its boundaries moved in a widespread revision of radiometric dates. The philosophy of metrology helps us understand this episode, and it, in turn, elucidates the notions of calibration, coherence, and consilience. I argue that coherence testing is a distinct activity preceding calibration and consilience, and I highlight the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  2. Calibration dilemmas in the ethics of distribution.Jacob M. Nebel & H. Orri Stefánsson - 2023 - Economics and Philosophy 39 (1):67-98.
    This paper presents a new kind of problem in the ethics of distribution. The problem takes the form of several “calibration dilemmas,” in which intuitively reasonable aversion to small-stakes inequalities requires leading theories of distribution to recommend intuitively unreasonable aversion to large-stakes inequalities. We first lay out a series of such dilemmas for prioritarian theories. We then consider a widely endorsed family of egalitarian views and show that they are subject to even more forceful calibration dilemmas than prioritarian (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  3.  95
    Calibration: A Conceptual Framework Applied to Scientific Practices Which Investigate Natural Phenomena by Means of Standardized Instruments.Léna Soler, Frédéric Wieber, Catherine Allamel-Raffin, Jean-Luc Gangloff, Catherine Dufour & Emiliano Trizio - 2013 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (2):263-317.
    This paper deals with calibration in scientific practices which investigate relatively well-understood natural phenomena by means of already standardized instrumental devices. Calibration is a crucial topic, since it conditions the reliability of instrumental procedures in science. Yet although important, calibration is a relatively neglected topic. We think more attention should be devoted to calibration. The paper attempts to take a step in this direction. The aims are two-fold: (1) to characterize calibration in a relatively simple (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  4. The Calibration Challenge to Philosophical Intuitions.Paul O. Irikefe - 2025 - Synthese 205 (94):1-25.
    To several critics of the philosophical method of cases—Robert Cummins, Jonathan Weinberg and his colleagues, and Avner Baz—the fact that philosophical intuitions cannot be calibrated means that we cannot rule out the skeptical hypothesis that the outcome of our theorizing based on these intuitions is deeply distorted by our cognitive artifacts. Moreover, they take this hypothesis to license the negative conclusion that we are unable to have much of the armchair knowledge we typically attribute to ourselves when philosophizing based on (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5. (1 other version)Calibration in Consciousness Science.Matthias Michel - 2021 - Erkenntnis (2):1-22.
    To study consciousness, scientists need to determine when participants are conscious and when they are not. They do so with consciousness detection procedures. A recurring skeptical argument against those procedures is that they cannot be calibrated: there is no way to make sure that detection outcomes are accurate. In this article, I address two main skeptical arguments purporting to show that consciousness scientists cannot calibrate detection procedures. I conclude that there is nothing wrong with calibration in consciousness science.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  6. What calibrating variable-value population ethics suggests.Dean Spears & H. Orri Stefánsson - 2024 - Economics and Philosophy 40 (3):673-684.
    Variable-Value axiologies avoid Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion while satisfying some weak instances of the Mere Addition principle. We apply calibration methods to two leading members of the family of Variable-Value views conditional upon: first, a very weak instance of Mere Addition and, second, some plausible empirical assumptions about the size and welfare of the intertemporal world population. We find that such facts calibrate these two Variable-Value views to be nearly totalist, and therefore imply conclusions that should seem repugnant to anyone (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7. Calibrated probabilities and the epistemology of disagreement.Barry Lam - 2013 - Synthese 190 (6):1079-1098.
    This paper assesses the comparative reliability of two belief-revision rules relevant to the epistemology of disagreement, the Equal Weight and Stay the Course rules. I use two measures of reliability for probabilistic belief-revision rules, calibration and Brier Scoring, to give a precise account of epistemic peerhood and epistemic reliability. On the calibration measure of reliability, epistemic peerhood is easy to come by, and employing the Equal Weight rule generally renders you less reliable than Staying the Course. On the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  8.  84
    Calibrating the mental number line.Véronique Izard & Stanislas Dehaene - 2008 - Cognition 106 (3):1221-1247.
    Human adults are thought to possess two dissociable systems to represent numbers: an approximate quantity system akin to a mental number line, and a verbal system capable of representing numbers exactly. Here, we study the interface between these two systems using an estimation task. Observers were asked to estimate the approximate numerosity of dot arrays. We show that, in the absence of calibration, estimates are largely inaccurate: responses increase monotonically with numerosity, but underestimate the actual numerosity. However, insertion of (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   50 citations  
  9.  35
    Calibration.Allan Franklin - 1997 - Perspectives on Science 5 (1):31-80.
    Calibration, the use of a surrogate signal to standardize an instrument, is an important strategy for the establishment of the validity of an experimental result. In this paper, I present several examples, typical of physics experiments, that illustrate the adequacy of the surrogate. In addition, I discuss several episodes in which the question of calibration is both difficult to answer and of paramount importance. These episodes include early attempts to detect gravity waves, the question of the existence of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  10. Calibrating randomness.Rod Downey, Denis R. Hirschfeldt, André Nies & Sebastiaan A. Terwijn - 2006 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 12 (3):411-491.
    We report on some recent work centered on attempts to understand when one set is more random than another. We look at various methods of calibration by initial segment complexity, such as those introduced by Solovay [125], Downey, Hirschfeldt, and Nies [39], Downey, Hirschfeldt, and LaForte [36], and Downey [31]; as well as other methods such as lowness notions of Kučera and Terwijn [71], Terwijn and Zambella [133], Nies [101, 100], and Downey, Griffiths, and Reid [34]; higher level randomness (...)
    Direct download (11 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  11. Calibration, coherence, and scoring rules.Teddy Seidenfeld - 1985 - Philosophy of Science 52 (2):274-294.
    Can there be good reasons for judging one set of probabilistic assertions more reliable than a second? There are many candidates for measuring "goodness" of probabilistic forecasts. Here, I focus on one such aspirant: calibration. Calibration requires an alignment of announced probabilities and observed relative frequency, e.g., 50 percent of forecasts made with the announced probability of.5 occur, 70 percent of forecasts made with probability.7 occur, etc. To summarize the conclusions: (i) Surveys designed to display calibration curves, (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  12. Intuition & calibration.Jonathan M. Weinberg, Stephen Crowley, Chad Gonnerman, Ian Vandewalker & Stacey Swain - 2012 - Essays in Philosophy 13 (1):15.
    The practice of appealing to esoteric intuitions, long standard in analytic philosophy, has recently fallen on hard times. Various recent empirical results have suggested that philosophers are not currently able to distinguish good intuitions from bad. This paper evaluates one possible type of approach to this problematic methodological situation: calibration. Both critiquing and building on an argument from Robert Cummins, the paper explores what possible avenues may exist for the calibration of philosophical intuitions. It is argued that no (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  13. Calibration for epistemic causality.Jon Williamson - 2019 - Erkenntnis 86 (4):941-960.
    The epistemic theory of causality is analogous to epistemic theories of probability. Most proponents of epistemic probability would argue that one's degrees of belief should be calibrated to chances, insofar as one has evidence of chances. The question arises as to whether causal beliefs should satisfy an analogous calibration norm. In this paper, I formulate a particular version of a norm requiring calibration to chances and argue that this norm is the most fundamental evidential norm for epistemic probability. (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  14.  59
    Calibrating machine behavior: a challenge for AI alignment.Erez Firt - 2023 - Ethics and Information Technology 25 (3):1-8.
    When discussing AI alignment, we usually refer to the problem of teaching or training advanced autonomous AI systems to make decisions that are aligned with human values or preferences. Proponents of this approach believe it can be employed as means to stay in control over sophisticated intelligent systems, thus avoiding certain existential risks. We identify three general obstacles on the path to implementation of value alignment: a technological/technical obstacle, a normative obstacle, and a calibration problem. Presupposing, for the purposes (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  15.  47
    (1 other version)Transduction, Calibration, and the Penetrability of Pain.Colin Klein - 2023 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 10.
    Pains are subject to obvious, well-documented, and striking top-down influences. This is in stark contrast to visual perception, where the debate over cognitive penetrability tends to revolve around fairly subtle experimental effects. Several authors have recently taken up the question of whether top-down effects on pain count as cognitive penetrability, and what that might show us about traditional debates. I review some of the known mechanisms for top-down modulation of pain, and suggest that it reveals an issue with a relatively (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  16. Calibrating QALYs to Respect Equality of Persons.Donald Franklin - 2016 - Utilitas 29 (1):1-23.
    Comparative valuation of different policy interventions often requires interpersonal comparability of benefit. In the field of health economics, the metric commonly used for such comparison, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, has been criticized for failing to respect the equality of all persons’ intrinsic worth, including particularly those with disabilities. A methodology is proposed that interprets ‘full quality of life’ as the best health prospect that is achievable for the particular individual within the relevant budget constraint. This calibration is (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  17. Calibration of laboratory models in population genetics.Robert A. Skipper - 2004 - Perspectives on Science 12 (4):369-393.
    : This paper explores the calibration of laboratory models in population genetics as an experimental strategy for justifying experimental results and claims based upon them following Franklin (1986, 1990) and Rudge (1996, 1998). The analysis provided undermines Coyne et al.'s (1997) critique of Wade and Goodnight's (1991) experimental study of Wright's (1931, 1932) Shifting Balance Theory. The essay concludes by further demonstrating how this analysis bears on Diamond's (1986) claims regarding the weakness of laboratory experiments as evidence, and further (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  18. Climate Models, Calibration, and Confirmation.Katie Steele & Charlotte Werndl - 2013 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64 (3):609-635.
    We argue that concerns about double-counting—using the same evidence both to calibrate or tune climate models and also to confirm or verify that the models are adequate—deserve more careful scrutiny in climate modelling circles. It is widely held that double-counting is bad and that separate data must be used for calibration and confirmation. We show that this is far from obviously true, and that climate scientists may be confusing their targets. Our analysis turns on a Bayesian/relative-likelihood approach to incremental (...)
    Direct download (13 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  19.  28
    Calibrating Study and Learning as Hermeneutic Principles Through Greco-Christian Seeing, Rabbinic Hearing, and Chinese Yijing Observing.Weili Zhao - 2020 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 39 (3):321-336.
    Study is recently re-invoked as an alternative educational formation to disrupt the learning trap and trope. This paper calibrates study and learning as two hermeneutic principles and correlates them with seeing, hearing, and observing as three onto-epistemic modes that respectively underpin Greco-Christian, Rabbinic, and ancient Chinese exegetical traditions. Linking study and learning with the hermeneutic issues of language, text, meaning, and reality, my calibration unfolds in four steps. First, I introduce an epistemic aporia encountered in interpreting some Chinese educational (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  20.  71
    Calibrating and constructing models of protein folding.Jeffry L. Ramsey - 2007 - Synthese 155 (3):307-320.
    Prediction is more than testing established theory by examining whether the prediction matches the data. To show this, I examine the practices of a community of scientists, known as threaders, who are attempting to predict the final, folded structure of a protein from its primary structure, i.e., its amino acid sequence. These scientists employ a careful and deliberate methodology of prediction. A key feature of the methodology is calibration. They calibrate in order to construct better models. The construction leads (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  21.  39
    Calibrating statistical tools: Improving the measure of Humanity's influence on the climate.Corey Dethier - 2022 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 94 (C):158-166.
    Over the last twenty-five years, climate scientists working on the attribution of climate change to humans have developed increasingly sophisticated statistical models in a process that can be understood as a kind of calibration: the gradual changes to the statistical models employed in attribution studies served as iterative revisions to a measurement(-like) procedure motivated primarily by the aim of neutralizing particularly troublesome sources of error or uncertainty. This practice is in keeping with recent work on the evaluation of models (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  22.  16
    Calibrating Translational Cancer Research: Collaboration without Consensus in Interdisciplinary Laboratory Meetings.Steve Fifield, Regina E. Smardon & Kate M. Centellas - 2014 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 39 (3):311-335.
    Based on an original ethnographic study of a translational cancer research institute in the United States, we propose calibration as a process that makes interdisciplinary collaboration without consensus possible. Calibration refers to ongoing, day-to-day negotiation and alignment of personal identities, disciplinary commitments, and research group customs that occur during face-to-face group deliberations around everyday research concerns. Calibration provides a mechanism that explains how collaboration without consensus is possible. Crucially, it does not presuppose that interdisciplinary collaboration either indicates (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  23. Calibrating the theory of model mediated measurement: metrological extension, dimensional analysis, and high pressure physics.Mahmoud Jalloh - 2024 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 14 (40):1-32.
    I argue that dimensional analysis provides an answer to a skeptical challenge to the theory of model mediated measurement. The problem arises when considering the task of calibrating a novel measurement procedure, with greater range, to the results of a prior measurement procedure. The skeptical worry is that the agreement of the novel and prior measurement procedures in their shared range may only be apparent due to the emergence of systematic error in the exclusive range of the novel measurement procedure. (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. Failure of Calibration is Typical.Gordon Belot - 2013 - Statistics and Probability Letters 83:2316--2318.
    Schervish (1985b) showed that every forecasting system is noncalibrated for uncountably many data sequences that it might see. This result is strengthened here: from a topological point of view, failure of calibration is typical and calibration rare. Meanwhile, Bayesian forecasters are certain that they are calibrated---this invites worries about the connection between Bayesianism and rationality.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  25.  5
    Calibrating and Bootstrapping Modal Judgment.Felipe Morales Carbonell - 2023 - Disputatio 15 (69):250-266.
    In this paper, I consider the question of whether calibration is required for modalizing mechanisms to be reliable, that is, whether it is necessary for modalizing mechanisms to be adjusted to prevent overgeneration and undergeneration of modal beliefs. I first argue that the calibration requirement affects differently what I call bootstrapping and ordinary cases. Identifying different ways in which a modalizing mechanism could be calibrated, I argue that not all of them are effective or even viable in bootstrapping (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26.  26
    Calibration, Validation, and Confirmation.Mathias Frisch - 2019 - In Claus Beisbart & Nicole J. Saam, Computer Simulation Validation: Fundamental Concepts, Methodological Frameworks, and Philosophical Perspectives. Springer Verlag. pp. 981-1004.
    This chapter examines the role of parameterParametercalibrationCalibration in the confirmation and validation of complex computer simulation models. I examine the question to what extent calibration data can confirm or validate the calibrated model, focusing in particular on Bayesian approaches to confirmation. I distinguish several different Bayesian approaches to confirmation and argue that complex simulation models exhibit a predictivist effect: Complex computer simulation models constitute a case in which predictive success, as opposed to the mere accommodation of evidence, provides a (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  13
    Calibrating a nanoindenter for very shallow depth indentation using equivalent contact radius.Damir R. Tadjiev, Russell J. Hand & Simon A. Hayes - 2010 - Philosophical Magazine 90 (13):1819-1832.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  28.  84
    Designed calibration: Naturally selected flexibility, not non-genetic inheritance.Thomas E. Dickins & Benjamin J. A. Dickins - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (4):368-369.
    Jablonka & Lamb (J&L) have presented a number of different possible mechanisms for finessing design. The extra-genetic nature of these mechanisms has led them to challenge orthodox neo-Darwinian views. However, these mechanisms are for calibration and have been designed by natural selection. As such, they add detail to our knowledge, but neo-Darwinism is sufficiently resourced to account for them.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  29. The calibration question.Frank Lad - 1984 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 35 (3):213-221.
    Recent discussion of the calibration of probability assessments is related to the earlier influential attitudes of Fréchet. The limiting frequency criterion of good calibration is criticised as being of no relevance to the evaluation of the probability of any event. An operational definition of good calibration is proposed which treats calibration properties as characteristics of the assessor's entire body of opinion, not of opinion about some particular event or events. In these terms a result is shown (...)
    Direct download (10 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  30. Calibration: Modelling the measurement process.Eran Tal - 2017 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 65:33-45.
  31.  67
    Calibration: A Frequency Justification for Personal Probability.Bas van Fraassen - 1983 - In Robert S. Cohen & Larry Laudan, Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum. D. Reidel.
  32.  63
    (1 other version)Calibration.Paul Weirich - 2011 - In Henk W. De Regt, Stephan Hartmann & Samir Okasha, EPSA Philosophy of Science: Amsterdam 2009. Springer. pp. 415–425.
    Abner Shimony (1988) argues that degrees of belief satisfy the axioms of probability because their epistemic goal is to match estimates of objective probabilities. Because the estimates obey the axioms of probability, degrees of belief must also obey them to reach their epistemic goal. This calibration argument meets some objections, but with a few revisions it can surmount those objections. It offers a good alternative to the Dutch book argument for compliance with the probability axioms. The defense of Shimony's (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33.  51
    Calibration of models in experiments.Marcel J. Boumans - unknown
    The assessment of models in an experiment depends on their material nature and their function in the experiment. Models that are used to make the phenomenon under investigation visible - sensors - are assessed by calibration. However, calibration strategies assume material intervention. The experiment discssed in this paper is an experiment in economics to measure the influence of technology shocks on business cycles. It uses immaterial, mathematical instruments. It appears that calibration did not work for these kinds (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  34. Calibration and the Epistemological Role of Bayesian Conditionalization.Marc Lange - 1999 - Journal of Philosophy 96 (6):294-324.
  35.  25
    Observables, Calibration, and Effect Algebras.David J. Foulis & Stanley P. Gudder - 2001 - Foundations of Physics 31 (11):1515-1544.
    We introduce and study the D-model, which reflects the simplest situation in which one wants to calibrate an observable. We discuss the question of representing the statistics of the D-model in the context of an effect algebra.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  36. Consequences of Calibration.Robert Williams & Richard Pettigrew - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science:14.
    Drawing on a passage from Ramsey's Truth and Probability, we formulate a simple, plausible constraint on evaluating the accuracy of credences: the Calibration Test. We show that any additive, continuous accuracy measure that passes the Calibration Test will be strictly proper. Strictly proper accuracy measures are known to support the touchstone results of accuracy-first epistemology, for example vindications of probabilism and conditionalization. We show that our use of Calibration is an improvement on previous such appeals by showing (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37.  22
    Calibration Research: Where Do We Go from Here?Linda Bol & Douglas J. Hacker - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38.  78
    Calibration: Being in Tune with Frequencies.Carl Hoefer - 2012 - Dialectica 66 (3):435-452.
    Our beliefs can have, or fail to have, a significant epistemic virtue: they can be true. What about our partial beliefs – that is, credences or subjective probabilities? Is there an epistemic virtue that credences can have or fail to have, whose nature or role with respect to credences is analogous to the role that truth has with respect to full beliefs? Van Fraassen argued in the 1980s that there is indeed such an analog virtue, and he claimed that it (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  39.  67
    Kinematic Calibration of Industrial Robots Based on Distance Information Using a Hybrid Identification Method.Guanbin Gao, Yuan Li, Fei Liu & Shichang Han - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-10.
    To improve the positioning accuracy of industrial robots and avoid using the coordinates of the end effector, a novel kinematic calibration method based on the distance information is proposed. The kinematic model of an industrial robot is established. The relationship between the moving distance of the end effector and the kinematic parameters is analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis and the kinematic model of the robot, the error model with displacements as the reference is built, which is (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40.  49
    Calibrating Chromatography: How Tswett Broke the Experimenters’ Regress.Jonathan Livengood & Adam Edwards - 2022 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 73 (3):685-710.
    We propose a new account of calibration according to which calibrating a technique shows that the technique does what it is supposed to do. To motivate our account, we examine an early twentieth-century debate about chlorophyll chemistry and Mikhail Tswett’s use of chromatographic adsorption analysis to study it. We argue that Tswett’s experiments established that his technique was reliable in the special case of chlorophyll without relying on either a theory or a standard calibration experiment. We suggest that (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41. Calibration and Convexity: Response to Gregory Wheeler.Jon Williamson - 2012 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 63 (4):851-857.
    This note responds to some criticisms of my recent book In Defence of Objective Bayesianism that were provided by Gregory Wheeler in his ‘Objective Bayesian Calibration and the Problem of Non-convex Evidence’.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  42. Calibrating Evil.Hillel Steiner - 2002 - The Monist 85 (2):183-193.
    “This one,” she said, pointing at a chocolate in the box she was handing to me, “is absolutely evil.” And she was right or, at least, half-right: I’ve never tasted chocolate like that before, or since. Should I refrain from doing so?
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  43.  20
    Calibration and the effects of knowledge and reconstruction in retrieval from memory.Willem A. Wagenaar - 1988 - Cognition 28 (3):277-296.
  44. Calibrating Generative Models: The Probabilistic Chomsky-Schützenberger Hierarchy.Thomas Icard - 2020 - Journal of Mathematical Psychology 95.
    A probabilistic Chomsky–Schützenberger hierarchy of grammars is introduced and studied, with the aim of understanding the expressive power of generative models. We offer characterizations of the distributions definable at each level of the hierarchy, including probabilistic regular, context-free, (linear) indexed, context-sensitive, and unrestricted grammars, each corresponding to familiar probabilistic machine classes. Special attention is given to distributions on (unary notations for) positive integers. Unlike in the classical case where the "semi-linear" languages all collapse into the regular languages, using analytic tools (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  45. Calibrating Introspection.Maja Spener - 2015 - Philosophical Issues 25 (1):300-321.
  46.  12
    Calibration for Parameter Estimation of Signals with Complex Noise via Nonstationarity Measure.Zhiming Zhou, Zhengyun Zhou & Liang Wu - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-12.
    The signals in numerous complex systems of engineering can be regarded as nonlinear parameter trend with noise which is identically distributed random signals or deterministic stationary chaotic signals. The commonly used methods for parameter estimation of nonlinear trend in signals are mainly based on least squares. It can cause inaccurate estimation results when the noise is complex. This paper proposes a calibration method for this issue in the case of single parameter via nonstationarity measure from the perspective of the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  22
    Calibrating determinacy strength in levels of the borel hierarchy.Sherwood Hachtman - 2017 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 82 (2):510-548.
    We analyze the set-theoretic strength of determinacy for levels of the Borel hierarchy of the form$\Sigma _{1 + \alpha + 3}^0 $, forα<ω1. Well-known results of H. Friedman and D.A. Martin have shown this determinacy to requireα+ 1 iterations of the Power Set Axiom, but we ask what additional ambient set theory is strictly necessary. To this end, we isolate a family of weak reflection principles, Π1-RAPα, whose consistency strength corresponds exactly to the logical strength of${\rm{\Sigma }}_{1 + \alpha + (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  48.  13
    The Impact of Item Calibration Error on Variable-Length Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing.Xiaojian Sun, Yanlou Liu, Tao Xin & Naiqing Song - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Calibration errors are inevitable and should not be ignored during the estimation of item parameters. Items with calibration error can affect the measurement results of tests. One of the purposes of the current study is to investigate the impacts of the calibration errors during the estimation of item parameters on the measurement accuracy, average test length, and test efficiency for variable-length cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing. The other purpose is to examine the methods for reducing the adverse (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  60
    Can happiness measures be calibrated?Mats Ingelström & Willem van der Deijl - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):5719-5746.
    Measures of happiness are increasingly being used throughout the social sciences. While these measures have attracted numerous types of criticisms, a crucial aspect of these measures has been left largely unexplored—their calibration. Using Eran Tal’s recently developed notion of calibration we argue first that the prospect of continued calibration of happiness measures is crucial for the science of happiness, and second, that continued calibration of happiness measures faces a particular problem—The Two Unknowns Problem. The Two Unknowns (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  50.  40
    Complexity, trans-immanent systems and morphogenetic régulation: towards a problématique of calibration.Karim Knio - 2023 - Journal of Critical Realism 22 (5):790-812.
    This article aims to study the intersection between critical realism and complexity theories through the existing literature on complex systems via an engagement with Luhmann’s autopoiesis. With reference to the philosophies of substance and persistence, I build on previous critical realist scholarship and provide an explanation for what the literature has only noted as the limitations and potentials of autopoiesis for complex systems thinking and its compatibility with Critical Realism. By highlighting how Luhmann’s autopoiesis is not a trans-immanent/ perdurantist-exdurantist system, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
1 — 50 / 564