Results for 'weak pseudocomplementation'

971 found
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  1. A fundamental non-classical logic.Wesley Holliday - 2023 - Logics 1 (1):36-79.
    We give a proof-theoretic as well as a semantic characterization of a logic in the signature with conjunction, disjunction, negation, and the universal and existential quantifiers that we suggest has a certain fundamental status. We present a Fitch-style natural deduction system for the logic that contains only the introduction and elimination rules for the logical constants. From this starting point, if one adds the rule that Fitch called Reiteration, one obtains a proof system for intuitionistic logic in the given signature; (...)
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  2.  90
    Canonical Extensions and Relational Representations of Lattices with Negation.Agostinho Almeida - 2009 - Studia Logica 91 (2):171-199.
    This work is part of a wider investigation into lattice-structured algebras and associated dual representations obtained via the methodology of canonical extensions. To this end, here we study lattices, not necessarily distributive, with negation operations. We consider equational classes of lattices equipped with a negation operation ¬ which is dually self-adjoint (the pair (¬,¬) is a Galois connection) and other axioms are added so as to give classes of lattices in which the negation is De Morgan, orthonegation, antilogism, pseudocomplementation (...)
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  3.  23
    Modal logic, fundamentally.Wesley H. Holliday - 2024 - In Agata Ciabattoni, David Gabelaia & Igor Sedlár, Advances in Modal Logic, Vol. 15. London: College Publications.
    Non-classical generalizations of classical modal logic have been developed in the contexts of constructive mathematics and natural language semantics. In this paper, we discuss a general approach to the semantics of non-classical modal logics via algebraic representation theorems. We begin with complete lattices L equipped with an antitone operation ¬ sending 1 to 0, a completely multiplicative operation ◻, and a completely additive operation ◊. Such lattice expansions can be represented by means of a set X together with binary relations (...)
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  4. Tying one's hands.Weakness of Will as A. Justification - 2001 - Public Affairs Quarterly 15:355.
     
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  5.  10
    other camp doesn't really understand Darwin or evolution; both routinely pay homage to George Williams's (1966) modest use of adaptationism.Strong Versus Weak - 2005 - In Peter Carruthers, Stephen Laurence & Stephen P. Stich, The Innate Mind: Structure and Contents. New York, US: Oxford University Press on Demand. pp. 141.
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  6.  44
    On Endomorphisms of Ockham Algebras with Pseudocomplementation.T. S. Blyth & J. Fang - 2011 - Studia Logica 98 (1-2):237-250.
    A pO -algebra (L;f,){(L; f, \, ^{\star})} is an algebra in which ( L ; f ) is an Ockham algebra, (L;){(L; \, ^{\star})} is a p -algebra, and the unary operations f and {^{\star}} commute. Here we consider the endomorphism monoid of such an algebra. If (L;f,){(L; f, \, ^{\star})} is a subdirectly irreducible pK 1,1 - algebra then every endomorphism ϑ{\vartheta} is a monomorphism or ϑ3=ϑ{\vartheta^3 = \vartheta} . When L is finite the endomorphism monoid of L is (...)
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  7. Ockham Algebras with Balanced Double Pseudocomplementation.Jie Fang - 2008 - Studia Logica 90 (2):189-209.
    In this paper, we introduce a variety bdO of Ockham algebras with balanced double pseudocomplementation, consisting of those algebras of type where is an Ockham algebra, is a double p -algebra, and the operations and are linked by the identities [ f ( x )]* = [ f ( x )] + = f 2 ( x ), f ( x *) = x ** and f ( x + ) = x ++ . We give a description of (...)
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  8. (1 other version)Strong and weak justification.Alvin Goldman - 1987 - Philosophical Perspectives 2:51-69.
    It is common in recent epistemology to distinguish different senses, or conceptions, of epistemic justification. The proposed oppositions include the objective/subjective, internalist/externalist, regulative/nonregulative, resource-relative/resource-independent, personal/verific, and deontological/evaluative conceptions of justification. In some of these cases, writers regard both members of the contrasting pair as legitimate; in other cases only one member. In this paper I want to propose another contrasting pair of conceptions of justification, and hold that both are defensible and legitimate. The contrast will then be used to construct (...)
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  9. The judgment of a weak will.Sergio Tenenbaum - 1999 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59 (4):875-911.
    In trying to explain the possibility of akrasia , it seems plausible to deny that there is a conceptual connection between motivation and evaluation ; akrasia occurs when the agent is motivated to do something that she does not judge to be good . However, it is hard to see how such accounts could respect our intuition that the akratic agent acts freely, or that there is a difference between akrasia and compulsion. It is also hard to see how such (...)
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  10.  21
    Marker Passing as a Weak Method for Text Inferencing.Peter Norvig - 1989 - Cognitive Science 13 (4):569-620.
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  11.  63
    Strong knowledge, weak belief?Moritz Schulz - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):8741-8753.
    According to the knowledge norm of belief, one should believe p only if one knows p. However, it can easily seem that the ordinary notion of belief is much weaker than the knowledge norm would have it. It is possible to rationally believe things one knows to be unknown The aim of belief, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013). One response to this observation is to develop a technical notion of ‘outright’ belief. A challenge for this line of response is to (...)
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  12.  70
    Sustaining Affirmation: The Strengths of Weak Ontology in Political Theory.Stephen K. White - 2000 - Princeton University Press.
    In light of many recent critiques of Western modernity and its conceptual foundations, the problem of adequately justifying our most basic moral and political values looms large. Without recourse to traditional ontological or metaphysical foundations, how can one affirm — or sustain — a commitment to fundamentals? The answer, according to Stephen White, lies in a turn to “weak” ontology, an approach that allows for ultimate commitments but at the same time acknowledges their historical, contestable character. This turn, White (...)
  13. Off-Topic: A New Interpretation of Weak-Kleene Logic.Jc Beall - 2016 - Australasian Journal of Logic 13 (6).
    This paper offers a new and very simple alternative to Bochvar's well known nonsense -- or meaninglessness -- interpretation of Weak Kleene logic. To help orient discussion I begin by reviewing the familiar Strong Kleene logic and its standard interpretation; I then review Weak Kleene logic and the standard interpretation. While I note a common worry about the Bochvar interpretation my aim is only to give an alternative -- and I think very elegant -- interpretation, not necessarily a (...)
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  14.  60
    Some remarks on (weakly) weak modal logics.R. E. Jennings & P. K. Schotch - 1981 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 22 (4):309-314.
  15. Wherein is the concept of disease normative? From weak normativity to value-conscious naturalism.M. Cristina Amoretti & Elisabetta Lalumera - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25 (1):1-14.
    In this paper we focus on some new normativist positions and compare them with traditional ones. In so doing, we claim that if normative judgments are involved in determining whether a condition is a disease only in the sense identified by new normativisms, then disease is normative only in a weak sense, which must be distinguished from the strong sense advocated by traditional normativisms. Specifically, we argue that weak and strong normativity are different to the point that one (...)
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  16.  67
    Effects of weak transcranial alternating current stimulation on brain activity—a review of known mechanisms from animal studies.Davide Reato, Asif Rahman, Marom Bikson & Lucas C. Parra - 2013 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7.
  17. Strong And Weak Possibility.Jason Turner - 2005 - Philosophical Studies 125 (2):191-217.
    The thesis of existentialism holds that if a proposition p exists and predicates something of an object a, then in any world where a does not exist, p does not exist either. If “possibly, p” entails “in some possible world, the proposition that p exists and is true,” then existentialism is prima facie incompatible with the truth of claims like “possibly, the Eiffel Tower does not exist.” In order to avoid this claim, a distinction between two kinds of world-indexed truth (...)
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  18. Topic Transparency and Variable Sharing in Weak Relevant Logics.Thomas Macaulay Ferguson & Shay Allen Logan - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-28.
    In this paper, we examine a number of relevant logics’ variable sharing properties from the perspective of theories of topic or subject-matter. We take cues from Franz Berto’s recent work on topic to show an alignment between families of variable sharing properties and responses to the topic transparency of relevant implication and negation. We then introduce and defend novel variable sharing properties stronger than strong depth relevance—which we call cn-relevance and lossless cn-relevance—showing that the properties are satisfied by the (...) relevant logics and , respectively. We argue that such properties address a sort of semantic lossiness of strong depth relevance. (shrink)
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  19. An Epistemic Interpretation of Paraconsistent Weak Kleene Logic.Damian E. Szmuc - forthcoming - Logic and Logical Philosophy:1.
    This paper extends Fitting's epistemic interpretation of some Kleene logics, to also account for Paraconsistent Weak Kleene logic. To achieve this goal, a dualization of Fitting's "cut-down" operator is discussed, rendering a "track-down" operator later used to represent the idea that no consistent opinion can arise from a set including an inconsistent opinion. It is shown that, if some reasonable assumptions are made, the truth-functions of Paraconsistent Weak Kleene coincide with certain operations defined in this track-down fashion. Finally, (...)
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  20. Focus and weak noun phrases.Elena Herburger - 1997 - Natural Language Semantics 5 (1):53-78.
  21. Why Arguments from Expert Opinion are Weak Arguments.Moti Mizrahi - 2013 - Informal Logic 33 (1):57-79.
    In this paper, I argue that arguments from expert opinion, i.e., inferences from “Expert E says that p” to “p,” where the truth value of p is unknown, are weak arguments. A weak argument is an argument in which the premises, even if true, provide weak support—or no support at all—for the conclusion. Such arguments from expert opinion are weak arguments unless the fact that an expert says that p makes p significantly more likely to be (...)
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  22. Spreading the Credit: Virtue Reliabilism and Weak Epistemic Anti-Individualism.Spyridon Orestis Palermos - 2016 - Erkenntnis 81 (2):305-334.
    Mainstream epistemologists have recently made a few isolated attempts to demonstrate the particular ways, in which specific types of knowledge are partly social. Two promising cases in point are Lackey’s dualism in the epistemology of testimony and Goldberg’s process reliabilist treatment of testimonial and coverage-support justification. What seems to be missing from the literature, however, is a general approach to knowledge that could reveal the partly social nature of the latter anytime this may be the case. Indicatively, even though Lackey (...)
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  23. Intentions, Intending, and Belief: Noninferential Weak Cognitivism.Philip Clark - 2020 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 101 (2):308-327.
    Cognitivists about intention hold that intending to do something entails believing you will do it. Non-cognitivists hold that intentions are conative states with no cognitive component. I argue that both of these claims are true. Intending entails the presence of a belief, even though the intention is not even partly the belief. The result is a form of what Sarah Paul calls Non-Inferential Weak Cognitivism, a view that, as she notes, has no prominent defenders.
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  24.  82
    The baire category theorem in weak subsystems of second-order arithmetic.Douglas K. Brown & Stephen G. Simpson - 1993 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 58 (2):557-578.
    Working within weak subsystems of second-order arithmetic Z2 we consider two versions of the Baire Category theorem which are not equivalent over the base system RCA0. We show that one version (B.C.T.I) is provable in RCA0 while the second version (B.C.T.II) requires a stronger system. We introduce two new subsystems of Z2, which we call RCA+ 0 and WKL+ 0, and show that RCA+ 0 suffices to prove B.C.T.II. Some model theory of WKL+ 0 and its importance in view (...)
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  25.  65
    Models of weak theories of truth.Mateusz Łełyk & Bartosz Wcisło - 2017 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 56 (5):453-474.
    In the following paper we propose a model-theoretical way of comparing the “strength” of various truth theories which are conservative over PA PA . Let Th{\mathfrak {Th}} denote the class of models of PA PA which admit an expansion to a model of theory Th{ Th}. We show (combining some well known results and original ideas) that PATBRSUTBCT,\begin{aligned} {{\mathfrak {PA}}}\supset {\mathfrak {TB}}\supset {{\mathfrak {RS}}}\supset {\mathfrak {UTB}}\supseteq \mathfrak {CT^-}, \end{aligned} where PA{\mathfrak {PA}} denotes simply the class of all models of (...)
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  26.  41
    How (not) to understand weak measurements of velocities.Johannes Fankhauser & Patrick M. Dürr - 2021 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 85:16-29.
  27.  44
    Interrelation between weak fragments of double negation shift and related principles.Makoto Fujiwara & Ulrich Kohlenbach - 2018 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 83 (3):991-1012.
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  28.  75
    On the dangers of conflating strong and weak versions of a theory of consciousness.Matthias Michel & Hakwan Lau - 2020 - Philosophy and the Mind Sciences 1 (II).
    Some proponents of the Integrated Information Theory of consciousness profess strong views on the Neural Correlates of Consciousness, namely that large swathes of the neocortex, the cerebellum, at least some sensory cortices, and the so-called limbic system are all not essential for any form of conscious experiences. We argue that this connection is not incidental. Conflation between strong and weak versions of the theory has led these researchers to adopt definitions of NCC that are inconsistent with their own previous (...)
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  29.  32
    Proof-theoretical analysis: weak systems of functions and classes.L. Gordeev - 1988 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 38 (1):1-121.
  30.  67
    Total and partial predicates and the weak and strong interpretations.Youngeun Yoon - 1996 - Natural Language Semantics 4 (3):217-236.
    This paper introduces an interesting class of predicates that come in pairs, so-called total and partial predicates. It will be shown that such predicates contribute to an explanation for the weak and strong interpretations of donkey sentences. This paper proposes that the phenomenon of weak and strong interpretations is real, and that whether a sentence receives the weak or the strong interpretation depends on the predicate in the nuclear scope of the sentence. It also proposes that sum (...)
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  31.  55
    Individuality as a Theoretical Scheme. II. About the Weak Individuality of Organisms and Ecosystems.Philippe Huneman - 2014 - Biological Theory 9 (4):374-381.
    Following a previous elaboration of the concept of weak individuality and some examples of its instances in ecology and biology, the article focuses on general features of the concept, arguing that in any ontological field individuals are understood on the basis of our knowledge of interactions, through the application of these general formulas for extracting individuals from interactions. Then, the specificities of the individuality in the sense of this weak concept are examined in ecology; I conclude by addressing (...)
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  32.  82
    Notions of weak genericity.Stuart A. Kurtz - 1983 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 48 (3):764-770.
  33.  54
    Prospectism and the weak money pump argument.Martin Peterson - 2015 - Theory and Decision 78 (3):451-456.
    Hare proposes a view he calls prospectism for making choices in situations in which preferences have a common, but problematic structure. I show that prospectism permits the decision-maker to make a series of choices she knows in advance will lead to a sure loss. I also argue that a theory that permits the decision-maker to make choices she knows in advance will lead to a sure loss should be rejected.
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  34. Why Arguments from Expert Opinion are still Weak: A Reply to Seidel.Moti Mizrahi - 2016 - Informal Logic 36 (2):238-252.
    In this paper, I reply to Seidel’s objections against my argument from expert performance to the effect that arguments from expert opinion are weak arguments. I clarify what Seidel takes to be unclear points in my argument and show that it withstands Seidel’s objections.
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  35.  60
    Weihrauch degrees, omniscience principles and weak computability.Vasco Brattka & Guido Gherardi - 2011 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 76 (1):143 - 176.
    In this paper we study a reducibility that has been introduced by Klaus Weihrauch or, more precisely, a natural extension for multi-valued functions on represented spaces. We call the corresponding equivalence classes Weihrauch degrees and we show that the corresponding partial order induces a lower semi-lattice. It turns out that parallelization is a closure operator for this semi-lattice and that the parallelized Weihrauch degrees even form a lattice into which the Medvedev lattice and the Turing degrees can be embedded. The (...)
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  36. Strong and Weak Regress Arguments.Jan Willem Wieland - 2013 - Logique and Analyse 224:439-461.
    In the literature, regress arguments often take one of two different forms: either they conclude that a given solution fails to solve any problem of a certain kind (the strong conclusion), or they conclude that a given solution fails to solve all problems of a certain kind (the weaker conclusion). This gives rise to a logical problem: do regresses entail the strong or the weaker conclusion, or none? In this paper I demonstrate that regress arguments can in fact take both (...)
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  37.  81
    Gunky Objects, Junky Worlds, and Weak Mereological Universalism.Deborah C. Smith - 2019 - Erkenntnis 84 (1):41-55.
    Einar Bohn has argued that principles of composition must be contingent if gunky objects and junky worlds are both metaphysically possible. This paper critically examines such a case for contingentism about composition. I argue that weak mereological universalism, the principle that any two objects compose something, is consistent with the metaphysical possibility of both gunky objects and junky worlds. I further argue that, contra A. J. Cotnoir, the weak mereological universalist can accept a plausible mereological remainder axiom. The (...)
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  38.  20
    (1 other version)Pxδ‐Generalizations of Weak Compactness.Donna M. Carr - 1985 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 31 (25‐28):393-401.
  39.  65
    Refugees, economic migrants and weak cosmopolitanism.David Owen - 2017 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 20 (6):745-754.
  40.  31
    Strict/Tolerant Logics Built Using Generalized Weak Kleene Logics.Melvin Fitting - 2021 - Australasian Journal of Logic 18 (2).
    This paper continues my work of [9], which showed there was a broad family of many valued logics that have a strict/tolerant counterpart. Here we consider a generalization of weak Kleene three valued logic, instead of the strong version that was background for that earlier work. We explain the intuition behind that generalization, then determine a subclass of strict/tolerant structures in which a generalization of weak Kleene logic produces the same results that the strong Kleene generalization did. This (...)
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  41.  36
    A finite family weak square principle.Ernest Schimmerling - 1999 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (3):1087-1110.
  42.  88
    How Would you Like your 'Sustainability', Sir? Weak or Strong? A Reply to my Critics.Wilfred Beckerman - 1995 - Environmental Values 4 (2):169 - 179.
    This article concentrates on the Jacobs and Daly criticisms (Environmental Values, Spring 1994) of my earlier article in the same journal (Autumn 1994) criticising the concept of 'sustainable development'. Daly and Jacobs agreed with my criticisms of 'weak' sustainability, but defended 'strong' sustainability on the grounds that natural and manmade capital were 'complements' in the productive process and that economists are wrong, therefore, in assuming that they are infinitely substitutable. This article maintains that they are confusing different concepts of (...)
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  43.  38
    (1 other version)The large cardinal strength of weak Vopenka’s principle.Trevor M. Wilson - 2022 - Journal of Mathematical Logic 22 (1):2150024.
    We show that Weak Vopěnka’s Principle, which is the statement that the opposite category of ordinals cannot be fully embedded into the category of graphs, is equivalent to the large cardinal principle Ord is Woodin, which says that for every class [Formula: see text] there is a [Formula: see text]-strong cardinal. Weak Vopěnka’s Principle was already known to imply the existence of a proper class of measurable cardinals. We improve this lower bound to the optimal one by defining (...)
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  44.  83
    Funder priority for vaccines: Implications of a weak Lockean claim.Anantharaman Muralidharan, G. Owen Schaefer, Tess Johnson & Julian Savulescu - 2022 - Bioethics 36 (9):978-988.
    The development of some COVID-19 vaccines by private companies like Moderna and Sanofi-GSK has been substantially funded by various governments. While the Sanofi CEO has previously suggested that countries that fund this development ought to be given some priority, this suggestion has not been taken seriously in the literature. Considerations of nationalism, sustainability, need, and equitability have been more extensively discussed with respect to whether and how much a country is entitled to advance purchase orders of the vaccine under conditions (...)
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  45.  90
    Abductive reasoning in cognitive neuroscience: weak and strong reverse inference.Fabrizio Calzavarini & Gustavo Cevolani - 2022 - Synthese 200 (2):1-26.
    Reverse inference is a crucial inferential strategy used in cognitive neuroscience to derive conclusions about the engagement of cognitive processes from patterns of brain activation. While widely employed in experimental studies, it is now viewed with increasing scepticism within the neuroscience community. One problem with reverse inference is that it is logically invalid, being an instance of abduction in Peirce’s sense. In this paper, we offer the first systematic analysis of reverse inference as a form of abductive reasoning and highlight (...)
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  46. Non‐uniformism about the Epistemology of Modality: Strong and Weak.Ylwa Sjölin Wirling - 2019 - Analytic Philosophy 61 (2):152-173.
    Uniformism about the epistemology of modality is the view that there is only one basic route to modal knowledge; non-uniformism is the view that there are several. Non-uniformism is becoming an increasingly popular stance, but how can it be defended? I prise apart two ways of understanding the uniformism/non-uniformism conflict that are mixed up in the literature. I argue that once separated, it is evident that they lead up to two different non-uniformist theses that need to be argued for in (...)
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  47.  60
    Remarks on weak notions of saturation in models of peano arithmetic.Matt Kaufmann & James H. Schmerl - 1987 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 52 (1):129-148.
  48.  62
    Confession of a weak anti-intentionalist: Exposing myself.W. Kent Wilson - 1997 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 55 (3):309-311.
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  49.  98
    Dialectics, difference, and weak thought.Gianni Vattimo - 1984 - Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 10 (1):151-164.
  50.  39
    Plausible Argumentation in Eikotic Arguments: The Ancient Weak Versus Strong Man Example.Douglas Walton - 2019 - Argumentation 33 (1):45-74.
    In this paper it is shown how plausible reasoning of the kind illustrated in the ancient Greek example of the weak and strong man can be analyzed and evaluated using a procedure in which the pro evidence is weighed against the con evidence using formal, computational argumentation tools. It is shown by means of this famous example how plausible reasoning is based on an audience’s recognition of situations of a type they are familiar with as normal and comprehensible in (...)
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