Les textes composant le dossier thématique de ce numéro abordent quelques facettes de la relation qu’entretiennent les technologies numéri­ques avec l’éthique. L’emprise des technologies sur une grande partie des activités humaines est aujourd’hui difficilement contestable et le monde numérique comporte son lot de pratiques et de règles, parfois en rupture avec les modèles existants. Dans ce contexte, comment faire en sorte que les diverses manifestations du numérique respectent l’éthique et,..

L’article examine les formations professionnelles et la certification des filles et des garçons de 1919 à 1945 dans la région lyonnaise. S’éloignant d’une vision statistique et misérabiliste ou trop globale, il montre que dans l’entre-deux-guerres une véritable certification, à la fois mixte et genrée, a existé pour les filles, comme pour les garçons, et que le régime de Vichy par sa politique à l’égard des filles et des femmes, a contrarié cette évolution. Cependant, à défaut d’une formation technique, la scolarisation (...) prolongée ds filles a permis leur insertion professionnelle dans les secteurs d’emplois les plus dynamiques. (shrink)

At first approach the use of the word “superstition” is such that it is impossible to apply the term strictly in the human sciences. Its connotation, that is its content, is particularly subjective and negative. And its extension, that is its area of application, is indefinite and makes of it a concept that can refer to just about anything.

En este texto confluyen logradamente varios géneros literarios: es una autobiografía, porque ante nuestros ojos vemos transcurrir parte de la vida del autor; pero también es un testimonio histórico, porque aborda acontecimientos verídicamente ocurridos en el Chile que existió entre los años 1965 y 1973. Paralelamente, estamos en presencia de un texto político, que aborda la problemática de la lucha de clases y su expresión en cuanto a correlación de fuerzas sociales, políticas y, al menos esb..

A typology of rumours is constructed according to their relation to reality after their veracity has been authenticated. True rumours become information. Untrue rumours are categorized as affirming or denying rumours; affirming rumours state the reality of imaginary facts, whereas denying rumours undermine the reality of established facts. Denying rumour types are distinguished and discussed under rubrics of alleged survival, doubles, bogus events and so on, and through their characteristic features of hypercritical thinking, hidden reality revelation and plot denunciation. In (...) a world where knowledge is no longer seen as objective or final, where the public have become suspicious of governments and the media, and where real and synthetic images are often indistinguishable, denying rumours and ideas are expected to feature more significantly on the information market, as already typified by activity on the web. (shrink)

O artigo aborda o tema da estilização do caráter no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche, através da apropriação de alguns dos temas centrais da sua filosofia, tais como a crítica avaliativa da modernidade ocidental, o pensamento do ‘eterno retorno’ e o sentido da ‘extemporaneidade’ [unzeitgemässe]. Através de um percurso pelo conjunto da sua obra e pelos textos de alguns dos seus comentadores, procura-se estabelecer uma interpretação do significado da sabedoria ativa através do desenvolvimento e embaralhamento, ao mesmo tempo livre e cuidadoso, (...) dos temas referidos acima. (shrink)

With an overwhelming volume of studies on Venice's port architecture and coastal protection, the challenge remains to convey to lay readers how the science of hydraulics was applied. This article reports an experiment in creating a vivid narrative of the movement and effects of sand over a relatively short period of twelve years (1610-1622), which, in this case, started with the fifteen-year-old carcass of a shipwreck at risk of capsizing. I emulate how the erosion of sandbanks triggered by the stranded (...) wreck affected the subsequent silting of the canal. This, in turn, influenced the relationships between land and sea, access and obstruction, and arrivals and departures. Such a microhistory of sand offers a broad picture of the maritime know-how and technology that came into play. Finally, the essay reflects on microhistory's potential to explore port architecture’s technicalities. This approach yields an understanding of the exquisitely practical, in-depth details of the engineering response to significant, contemporary, normal, and catastrophic events. (shrink)

The image of the Other, particularly in the Western World, expresses itself through a continuous flow of representations of fabulous peoples with strange physical appearance living in far-away places. In our day, the successors to the sirens, Cyclops, unípedes and cynecephala of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are the Sirians, Saturnians, Selenites and Martians of the 17th through the 20th centuries.

Resumo: O artigo inicia-se com uma distinção entre poesia e filosofia, a partir do destaque da relação especial que a primeira mantém com a palavra. O enfoque desloca-se para o pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche, argumentando haver, em seus escritos, a construção de uma filosofia nada convencional, em parte por conta do estatuto das ideias expostas, mas também e sobremaneira pela relação íntima com a arte poética, o que se faz evidente pela estilização do pensamento. A hipótese principal é de que (...) não se pode bem compreender a transgressão semântica operada por Nietzsche - sua famosa "transvaloração dos valores" - sem que se considere a transgressão estilística. Por fim, a linguagem aforismática utilizada por Nietzsche é apresentada como a sua "arte do estilo" por excelência.: This article begins by distinguishing poetry from philosophy on the basis of the special relationship that the former has with the written word. The focus then shifts to the thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche, and it is argued that in his writings one finds the construction of an unconventional philosophy in part because of the ideas expounded by the author, but also and especially because of its intimate relationship with poetic art, evident in the stylization of thought. It is further argued that Nietzsche's semantic transgression - his famous "transvaluation of values" - can not be properly understood without stylistic transgression. Finally, Nietzsche's aphoristic language is presented as his "art of style" par excellence. (shrink)

O artigo consiste num estudo comparativo entre as concepções de cultura de Friedrich Nietzsche e Max Weber, suas análises críticas da modernidade e as respostas éticas que as acompanham. Apesar das importantes afinidades encontradas entre os autores, o artigo procura mostrar que o caráter principal da comparação entre os seus pensamentos é o do desencontro e da incompatibilidade.

The Principles of Sufism. By ʿĀʾishah al-Bāʿūniyyah. Edited and translated by Th. Emil Homerin. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2014. Pp. xx + 197. $30.

This article puts forth a theory and history of the experiential moment of romance, traced from Homer’s Odyssey to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Differing from other forms of the moment that have been bequeathed by Western tradition—such as kairos, conversio, the Aristotelian pair peripeteia and anagnorisis, or the Romantic Augenblick—the experiential moment foregrounds experientiality within a self-enclosed and atelic temporality: a time that goes nowhere. Building on previous theories of epic and romance that see them as conflicting temporal forms, the first part (...) of the article demonstrates how the experiential moment in traditional romance always exists in tension with the temporality of the epic project of the collective. The second part proposes a new reading of Rousseau by showing how his three works, Julie, ou La Nouvelle Héloïse, Les Confessions, and Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire not only continue this conflict into the modern period but also begin to reverse the old hierarchical relationship between epic and romance or the temporality of the collective and that of the experiencing individual in her individual consciousness. It is argued that Rousseau in his final work the Rêveries strives to liberate the experiential moment from epic temporality altogether and thereby lays the foundation for a wholly new way of approaching the moment in literary modernity. (shrink)

Sponges are important but often‐neglected organisms. The absence of classical animal traits (nerves, digestive tract, and muscles) makes sponges challenging for non‐specialists to work with and has delayed getting high quality genomic data compared to other invertebrates. Yet analyses of sponge genomes and transcriptomes currently available have radically changed our understanding of animal evolution. Sponges are of prime evolutionary importance as one of the best candidates to form the sister group of all other animals, and genomic data are essential to (...) understand the mechanisms that control animal evolution and diversity. Here we review the most significant outcomes of current genomic and transcriptomic analyses of sponges, and discuss limitations and future directions of sponge transcriptomic and genomic studies. (shrink)

Les théories de l'Institution: essai d'ontologie juridique / Georges Renard Date de l'édition originale: 1930 Le présent ouvrage s'inscrit dans une politique de conservation patrimoniale des ouvrages de la littérature Française mise en place avec la BNF. HACHETTE LIVRE et la BNF proposent ainsi un catalogue de titres indisponibles, la BNF ayant numérisé ces oeuvres et HACHETTE LIVRE les imprimant à la demande. Certains de ces ouvrages reflètent des courants de pensée caractéristiques de leur époque, mais qui seraient aujourd'hui (...) jugés condamnables. Ils n'en appartiennent pas moins à l'histoire des idées en France et sont susceptibles de présenter un intérêt scientifique ou historique. Le sens de notre démarche éditoriale consiste ainsi à permettre l'accès à ces oeuvres sans pour autant que nous en cautionnions en aucune façon le contenu. Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.fr. (shrink)

Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, Remembrance, and the Metaphysics of Love. By Joseph E. B. Lumbard. SUNY Series in Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016. Pp. x + 259. $80.