Results for ' learning and extinction'

966 found
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  1. Revisiting the learning-without-awareness question in human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning: Focus on extinction in a dichotic listening paradigm.J. Furedy, B. Damke & W. Boucsein - 2000 - Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 35 (1):17-34.
  2. Extinction Risks from AI: Invisible to Science?Vojtech Kovarik, Christiaan van Merwijk & Ida Mattsson - manuscript
    In an effort to inform the discussion surrounding existential risks from AI, we formulate Extinction-level Goodhart’s Law as “Virtually any goal specification, pursued to the extreme, will result in the extinction of humanity”, and we aim to understand which formal models are suitable for investigating this hypothesis. Note that we remain agnostic as to whether Extinction-level Goodhart’s Law holds or not. As our key contribution, we identify a set of conditions that are necessary for a model that (...)
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  3.  19
    The role of consciousness in threat extinction learning.Charlene L. M. Lam, Tom J. Barry, Jenny Yiend & Tatia M. C. Lee - 2023 - Consciousness and Cognition 116 (C):103599.
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  4.  36
    Context, learning, and extinction.Samuel J. Gershman, David M. Blei & Yael Niv - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (1):197-209.
  5.  49
    Resistance to extinction of human evaluative conditioning using a between‐subjects design. E. Díaz, G. Ruiz & F. Baeyens - 2005 - Cognition and Emotion 19 (2):245-268.
    Two experiments were conducted to examine whether the resistance to extinction obtained in evaluative conditioning (EC) studies implies that EC is a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning (Baeyens, Eelen, & Crombez, 1995 Baeyens, F, Eelen, P, and Crombez, G, (1995a). Pavlovian associations are forever: On classical conditioning and extinction, Journal of Psychophysiology 9 ((1995a)), pp. 127–141.[Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]a) or whether it is the result of an nonassociative artefact (Field & Davey, 1997 Field, AP, and (...)
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  6.  27
    Learning and extinction based upon frustration, food reward, and exploratory tendency.Harvey M. Adelman & Jack L. Maatsch - 1956 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 52 (5):311.
  7.  28
    Shock for right and wrong responses during learning and extinction in human subjects.Cecil M. Freeburne & Marvin Schneider - 1955 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 49 (3):181.
  8. A Bio-Logical Theory of Animal Learning.David Guez - 2009 - Biological Theory 4 (2):148-158.
    This article provides the foundation for a new predictive theory of animal learning that is based upon a simple logical model. The knowledge of experimental subjects at a given time is described using logical equations. These logical equations are then used to predict a subject’s response when presented with a known or a previously unknown situation. This new theory suc- cessfully anticipates phenomena that existing theories predict, as well as phenomena that they cannot. It provides a theoretical account for (...)
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  9.  15
    Learning without awareness and extinction following awareness as a function of reinforcement.Jerry Hirsch - 1957 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 54 (3):218.
  10.  40
    Without School: Education as Common(ing) Activities in Local Social Infrastructures – An Escape from Extinction Ethics.Jordi Collet-Sabé & Stephen J. Ball - 2024 - British Journal of Educational Studies 72 (4):441-456.
    In this third paper in a series of four, we explore some ways of doing education differently. An education that moves beyond the persistent failures and irredeemable injustices of modern mass schooling episteme. The episteme for education we adumbrate – an episteme of life continuance – begins with a recognition of interdependency and the value of diversity, diverse knowledges and relations of tolerance. We propose an escape from the extinction ethics which modern schools perpetuate and a new grammar of (...)
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  11. (2 other versions)Can the World Learn Wisdom?Nicholas Maxwell - 2007 - Solidarity, Sustainability, and Non-Violence 3 (4).
    The crisis of our times is that we have science without wisdom. This is the crisis behind all the others. Population growth, the terrifyingly lethal character of modern war and terrorism, immense differences of wealth across the globe, annihilation of indigenous people, cultures and languages, impending depletion of natural resources, destruction of tropical rain forests and other natural habitats, rapid mass extinction of species, pollution of sea, earth and air, thinning of the ozone layer, above all global warming - (...)
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  12.  20
    “Reconciling reinforcement learning models with behavioral extinction and renewal: Implications for addiction, relapse, and problem gambling”: Correction.David A. Redish, Steve Jensen, Adam Johnson & Zeb Kurth-Nelson - 2009 - Psychological Review 116 (3):518-518.
  13.  24
    Extinction and response competition in original and interpolated learning of a visual discrimination.Robert G. Crowder, Michael Cole & Richard Boucher - 1968 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 77 (3p1):422.
  14.  29
    Extinction after partial reinforcement and minimal learning as a test of both verbal control and pre in concept learning.Daniel C. O'connell & Margaret V. Wagner - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (1):151.
  15.  51
    No support for dual process accounts of human affective learning in simple Pavlovian conditioning.Ottmar V. Lipp & Helena M. Purkis - 2005 - Cognition and Emotion 19 (2):269-282.
    Dual process accounts of affective learning state that the learning of likes and dislikes reflects a learning mechanism that is distinct from the one reflected in expectancy learning, the learning of signal relationships, and has different empirical characteristics. Affective learning, for example, is said not to be affected by: (a) extinction training; (b) occasion setting; (c) cue competition; and (d) awareness of the CS-US contingencies. These predictions were tested in a series of experiments (...)
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  16.  10
    Effects of strength of drive on learning and on extinction.Herbert Barry Iii - 1958 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 55 (5):473.
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  17. Species Extinction and the Vice of Thoughtlessness: The Importance of Spiritual Exercises for Learning Virtue. [REVIEW]Jeremy Bendik-Keymer - 2009 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 23 (1-2):61-83.
    In this paper, I present a sample spiritual exercise—a contemporary form of the written practice that ancient philosophers used to shape their characters. The exercise, which develops the ancient practice of the examination of conscience, is on the sixth mass extinction and seeks to understand why the extinction appears as a moral wrong. It concludes by finding a vice in the moral character of the author and the author’s society. From a methodological standpoint, the purpose of spiritual exercises (...)
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  18.  59
    Human Extinction and AI: What We Can Learn from the Ultimate Threat.Andrea Lavazza & Murilo Vilaça - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (1):1-21.
    Human extinction is something generally deemed as undesirable, although some scholars view it as a potential solution to the problems of the Earth since it would reduce the moral evil and the suffering that are brought about by humans. We contend that humans collectively have absolute intrinsic value as sentient, conscious and rational entities, and we should preserve them from extinction. However, severe threats, such as climate change and incurable viruses, might push humanity to the brink of (...). Should that occur, it might be useful to envision a successor to humans able to preserve and hand down its value. One option would be to resort to humanoid robots that reproduce our salient characteristics by imitation, thanks to AI powered by machine learning. However, the question would arise of how to select the characteristics needed for our successors to thrive. This could prove to be particularly challenging. A way out might come from an algorithm entrusted with this choice. In fact, an algorithmic selection both at the social and at the individual level could be a preferred choice than other traditional ways of making decisions. In this sense, reflecting on human extinction helps us to identify solutions that are also suitable for the problems we face today. (shrink)
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  19. How Universities Can Help Humanity Learn How to Resolve the Crises of Our Times - From Knowledge to Wisdom: The University College London Experience.Nicholas Maxwell - 2012 - In G. Heam Heam, T. Katlelle & D. Rooney (eds.), Handbook on the Knowledge Economy, vol. 2.
    We are in a state of impending crisis. And the fault lies in part with academia. For two centuries or so, academia has been devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and technological know-how. This has enormously increased our power to act which has, in turn, brought us both all the great benefits of the modern world and the crises we now face. Modern science and technology have made possible modern industry and agriculture, the explosive growth of the world’s population, global (...)
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  20.  13
    Effects of amount of reinforcement and of pre- and postreinforcement delays on learning and extinction.Elizabeth Fehrer - 1956 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 52 (3):167.
  21. Changing Practice.Situated Learning - 2008 - In Ash Amin & Joanne Roberts (eds.), Community, Economic Creativity, and Organization. Oxford University Press. pp. 283--296.
     
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  22.  32
    Generalized extinction and secondary reinforcement in visual discrimination learning with delayed reward.G. Robert Grice & Herbert M. Goldman - 1955 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 50 (3):197.
  23.  31
    Effects of instructions, schedules of reward, and magnitude of reward on the discrimination of acquisition and extinction phases of learning.Ronald K. Parker - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 75 (2):210.
  24.  54
    Reconciling reinforcement learning models with behavioral extinction and renewal: Implications for addiction, relapse, and problem gambling.A. David Redish, Steve Jensen, Adam Johnson & Zeb Kurth-Nelson - 2007 - Psychological Review 114 (3):784-805.
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  25.  18
    Resistance to extinction following partial punishment of reinforced and/or nonreinforced responses during learning.Daniel Fallon - 1969 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 79 (1p1):183.
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  26.  26
    Commentary on “Human Extinction and AI: What We Can Learn From the Ultimate Threat”.Walter Glannon - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (1):1-4.
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  27.  35
    Instructed fear learning, extinction, and recall: additive effects of cognitive information on emotional learning of fear.Arash Javanbakht, Elizabeth R. Duval, Maria E. Cisneros, Stephan F. Taylor, Daniel Kessler & Israel Liberzon - 2017 - Cognition and Emotion 31 (5):980-987.
  28.  20
    Sign learning as a factor in extinction.John P. Seward & Nissim Levy - 1949 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 39 (5):660.
  29.  18
    Resistance to extinction following learning with punishment of reinforced and nonreinforced licking.Daniel Fallon - 1968 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 76 (4p1):550.
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  30.  53
    The defense motivation system: A theory of avoidance behavior.Fred A. Masterson & Mary Crawford - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (4):661-675.
    A motivational system approach to avoidance behavior is presented. According to this approach, a motivational state increases the probability of relevant response patterns and establishes the appropriate or “ideal” consummatory stimuli as positive reinforcers. In the case of feeding motivation, for example, hungry rats are likely to explore and gnaw, and to learn to persist in activities correlated with the reception of consummatory stimuli produced by ingestion of palatable substances. In the case of defense motivation, fearful rats are likely to (...)
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  31.  38
    Resistance to extinction in human subjects: Learning informative properties of a blank trial.M. Vogel-Sprott - 1970 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 86 (2):241.
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  32.  22
    Reward vs extinction in discrimination reversal learning.Ben A. Williams - 1974 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 3 (6):454-456.
  33.  2
    Thinking like a critical realist: getting through the portal.Catherine Hastings Karen Sheppard Angela Davenport A. Law School, Sydney Australiab Learning Designer Manager, Brisbane, Australiac Director of Nursing, A. B. U. Rehabilitation, Auckland & New Zealand - forthcoming - Journal of Critical Realism:1-20.
    Critical realism has a reputation for requiring substantial intellectual commitment and time to gain understanding, and being difficult to operationalize as an empirical research methodology. Our paper employs the theoretical framework of ‘threshold concepts’ to explore these issues. We illustrate the five qualities of ‘threshold concepts’ using existing literature by scholars describing their journey of engagement with critical realism. We then apply the framework from three viewpoints. First, we offer the perspective of a budding critical realist scholar who transforms their (...)
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  34.  21
    Extinction of the human eyelid CR as a function of presence or absence of the UCS during extinction.Kenneth W. Spence - 1966 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 71 (5):642.
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  35.  36
    Post-extinction conditional stimulus valence predicts reinstatement fear: Relevance for long-term outcomes of exposure therapy.Tomislav D. Zbozinek, Dirk Hermans, Jason M. Prenoveau, Betty Liao & Michelle G. Craske - 2015 - Cognition and Emotion 29 (4):654-667.
  36.  94
    Should Extinction Be Forever?Karim Jebari - 2016 - Philosophy and Technology 29 (3):211-222.
    This article will explore a problem which is related to our moral obligations towards species. Although the re-creation of extinct animals has been discussed to some degree both in lay deliberations as well as by scientists, advocates tend to emphasize the technological and scientific value of such an endeavour, and the “coolness” factor, 32–33, 2013). This article will provide an argument in favour of re-creation based on normative considerations. The environmentalist community generally accepts that it is wrong to exterminate species, (...)
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  37. The Ethics of De-Extinction.Shlomo Cohen - 2014 - NanoEthics 8 (2):165-178.
    “de-extinction” refers to the process of resurrecting extinct species by genetic methods. This science-fiction-sounding idea is in fact already in early processes of scientific implementation. Although this recent “revival of the dead” raises deep ethical questions, the ethics of de-extinction has barely received philosophical treatment. Rather than seeking a verdict for or against de-extinction, this paper attempts an overview and some novel analyses of the main ethical considerations. Five dimensions of the ethics of de-extinction are explored: (...)
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  38. Extinction.G. M. Aitken - 1998 - Biology and Philosophy 13 (3):393-411.
    A significant proportion of conservationists' work is directed towards efforts to save disappearing species. This relies upon the belief that species extinction is undesirable. When justifications are offered for this belief, they very often rest upon the assumption that extinction brought about by humans is different in kind from other forms of extinction. This paper examines this assumption and reveals that there is indeed good reason to suppose current anthropogenic extinctions to be different in kind from extinctions (...)
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  39.  32
    Extinction as a function of the spacing of extinction trials.Walter C. Stanley - 1952 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 43 (4):249.
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  40.  25
    Overlearning-extinction effect as an incentive phenomenon.John Theios & John Brelsford - 1964 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 67 (5):463.
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  41.  19
    The Extinction of Desire: A Tale of Enlightenment.Michael Boylan - 2007 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    What would you do if you suddenly became rich? Michael O’Meara had never asked himself this question. A high school history teacher in Maryland, Michael is content- until, after a freak accident, he unexpectedly finds himself the beneficiary of a million dollars that disrupt his life and leave him questioning everything he had and everything he thought he wanted. _The Extinction of Desire_ blends Buddhist philosophy and fiction to maps the course of one man’s voyage to uncover the fundamental (...)
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  42. Nibbana: Extinction or Emancipation?Gustav Roth - 1992 - In Gustav Roth & H. S. Prasad (eds.), Philosophy, grammar, and indology: essays in honour of Professor Gustav Roth. Delhi, India: Sri Satguru Publications. pp. 20--259.
     
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  43. Human Extinction from a Thomist Perspective.Stefan Riedener - 2021 - In Stefan Riedener, Dominic Roser & Markus Huppenbauer (eds.), Effective Altruism and Religion: Synergies, Tensions, Dialogue. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos. pp. 187-210.
    “Existential risks” are risks that threaten the destruction of humanity’s long-term potential: risks of nuclear wars, pandemics, supervolcano eruptions, and so on. On standard utilitarianism, it seems, the reduction of such risks should be a key global priority today. Many effective altruists agree with this verdict. But how should the importance of these risks be assessed on a Christian moral theory? In this paper, I begin to answer this question – taking Thomas Aquinas as a reference, and the risks of (...)
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  44.  19
    Some variables affecting latent extinction.Arthur R. Thomas - 1958 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 56 (3):203.
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  45.  23
    The variability of extinction scores in 'Skinner-box' experiments.L. G. Humphreys - 1940 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 26 (6):614.
  46.  34
    The overtraining extinction effect with a discrete-trial bar-press procedure.Tom N. Tombaugh - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (4p1):632.
  47.  97
    De-extinction as Artificial Species Selection.Derek D. Turner - 2017 - Philosophy and Technology 30 (4):395-411.
    This paper offers a paleobiological perspective on the debate concerning the possible use of biotechnology to bring back extinct species. One lesson from paleobiology is that extinction selectivity matters in addition to extinction rates and extinction magnitude. Combining some of Darwin’s insights about artificial selection with the theory of species selection that paleobiologists developed in the 1970s and 1980s provides a useful context for thinking about de-extinction. Using recent work on the prioritization of candidate species for (...)
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  48.  16
    Experimental extinction of verbal material.H. Peak & L. Deese - 1937 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 20 (3):244.
  49. Extinction Rebellion: Also a Concern for People of Color Communities.Amaragita Pearse - 2021 - In Valerie Mason-John (ed.), Afrikan wisdom: new voices talk Black liberation, Buddhism, and beyond. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
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  50. Should longtermists recommend hastening extinction rather than delaying it?Richard Pettigrew - 2024 - The Monist 107 (2):130-145.
    Longtermism is the view that the most urgent global priorities, and those to which we should devote the largest portion of our resources, are those that focus on (i) ensuring a long future for humanity, and perhaps sentient or intelligent life more generally, and (ii) improving the quality of the lives that inhabit that long future. While it is by no means the only one, the argument most commonly given for this conclusion is that these interventions have greater expected goodness (...)
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