El principal objetivo del presente ensayo es analizar los conceptos y praxis del Mundo Mapuche y del País Mapuche las cuales, es posible argüir, constituyen la síntesis de la demanda y propuesta de parte significativa del movimiento mapuche autonomista. Síntesis que conlleva una modificación cualitativa en la estructuración de los marcos cognitivos del movimiento, lo que ha significado la articulación embrionaria de una visión mapuche de la realidad que trascendería la dimensión social y política del movimiento para instalarse como elemento (...) de índole más estructural, que ya no sólo enfrenta crecientemente a dos identidades distintas, sino que, también, a dos proyectos de sociedad, a dos países, a dos pueblos encapsulados en un mismo territorio geográfico, pero culturalmente diferenciados. La aproximación al sujeto de estudio se realizará a través de la aplicación de algunos elementos de las teorías de los movimientos sociales, específicamente los marcos cognitivos, y además, desde el concepto de memoria colectiva. (shrink)

L’analyse en termes de politique criminelle de la responsabilité pénale contemporaine permet d’observer les mouvements qui la travaillent de l’intérieur, en particulier son éclatement qui l’expose aux incohérences, mais aussi de l’extérieur, spécialement son expansion qui la confronte à ses propres limites.

L'objectif de l'ouvrage "Droits en mutation - ouvrage commun des docteurs en droit" est d'analyser à partir des spécialités des différents auteurs l'impact respectif et cumulatif de macro-phénomènes sociétaux, économiques et techniques sur l'univers et les constructions juridiques. La mondialisation et le numérique, pour ne citer que ces deux phénomènes, imposent un réajustement de pans entiers du droit et des modalités d'exercice des métiers juridiques. Les professionnels du droit, avocats, magistrats, notaires, huissiers, juristes d'entreprises ou enseignants doivent repenser leurs pratiques (...) professionnelles, leurs services, mais également, et surtout, leur environnement et les nouveaux enjeux auxquels sont confrontés leurs clients, leurs administrations, leurs employeurs ou les jeunes citoyens et futurs professionnels qu'ils sont en demeure de former. (shrink)

Le nom de Jean-Frédéric Oberlin, pasteur et pédagogue, citoyen des lumières, reste indissociablement lié à celui du Ban de la Roche, modeste vallée vosgienne, au cœur de laquelle il exerça son ministère pendant quelque soixante années. Au confluent des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, il y développe, loin des cercles intellectuels des capitales européennes, un projet socio-éducatif global sans précédent, bâti dans le quotidien d'une action pastorale fondée sur les principes intangibles d'exigence morale et d'amour du prochain. Considéré comme un précurseur (...) de l'éducation préscolaire institutionnelle en Europe, Jean-Frédéric Oberlin esquisse à travers les " poêles à tricoter " les contours d'une synthèse paradoxale, exemplaire de l'ensemble de son œuvre, entre valeurs chrétiennes et humanisme républicain, science et spiritualité, action et méditation, orthodoxie luthérienne et dissidence piétiste, romantisme germanique et classicisme latin. L'originalité des méthodes pédagogiques adaptées à l'éducation de la petite enfance mises en œuvre par cette grande figure du protestantisme en Alsace, constitue un apport décisif au débat toujours d'actualité dans l'Europe contemporaine sur les modalités de garde et d'éducation des enfants les plus jeunes. (shrink)

La méthodologie exposée dans cet article a été élaborée voici plus de vingt ans pour et avec les enfants victimes de viols, l’ampleur des dégâts psychiques ayant été révélée par l’expertise judiciaire. La démarche théorique s’inspire de la phénoménologie des modes d’expression du sujet qui s’avèrent être à la fois révélateurs et moteurs thérapeutiques du trauma. La démarche pratique renvoie au constat de l’adéquation universelle du conte avec la mentalité infantile, tricotant un espace de fiction transitionnelle, facteur de résilience. L’expérience (...) de création de contes avec les enfants victimes d’agressions psychocorporelles a objectivé les indicateurs de destruction et corrélativement les indicateurs de reconstruction psychique de l’identité. Cette méthode propose dix ancrages thérapeutiques à partir de balises narratives dûment décryptées. La thérapie par le conte créatif est applicable à toute autre problématique traumatique, en collectif ou en individuel. (shrink)

The problem of justifying legal punishment has been at the heart of legal and social philosophy from the very earliest recorded philosophical texts. However, despite several hundred years of debate, philosophers have not reached agreement about how legal punishment can be morally justified. That is the central issue addressed by the contributors to this volume. All of the essays collected here have been published in the highly respected journal Philosophy & Public Affairs. Taken together, they offer not only significant proposals (...) for improving established theories of punishment and compelling arguments against long-held positions, but also ori-ginal and important answers to the question, "How is punishment to be justified?"Part I of this collection, "Justifications of Punishment," examines how any practice of punishment can be morally justified. Contributors include Jeffrie G. Murphy, Alan H. Goldman, Warren Quinn, C. S. Nino, and Jean Hampton. The papers in Part II, "Problems of Punishment," address more specific issues arising in established theories. The authors are Martha C. Nussbaum, Michael Davis, and A. John Simmons. In the final section, "Capital Punishment," contributors discuss the justifiability of capital punishment, one of the most debated philosophical topics of this century. Essayists include David A. Conway, Jeffrey H. Reiman, Stephen Nathanson, and Ernest van den Haag. (shrink)

Ame Naess, John Rodman, George Sessions, and others, designated herein as ecosophers, propose an egalitarian anti-anthropocentric biocentrism as a basis for a new environmental ethic. I outline their “hands-off-nature” position and show it to be based on setting man apart. The ecosophic position is thus neither egalitarian nor fully biocentric. A fully egalitarian biocentric ethic would place no more restrictions on the behavior of human beings than on the behavior of any other animals. Uncontrolled human behavior might lead to the (...) destruction ofthe environment and thus to the extinction of human beings. I thus conclude that human interest in survival is the best ground on which to argue for an ecological balance which is good both for human beings and for the whole biological community. (shrink)

Hull et al. rightly point out the special character of selection as a causal mode, but ironically they seem to force selection back into traditional causal modes by decomposing it into replication, variation, and environmental interaction. Many processes are selective, and a taxonomy of a broad range of kinds of selection may be preferable to narrowing the applicability of the term.

The Initiation Biblique of Robert-Tricot was first published in 1939, with an enlarged edition in 1948, and was made available to a wider public in 1951 when it appeared in English translation as Guide to the Bible. The third French edition was a thorough-going revision—some chapters were entirely re-written. The most important change was, beyond all question, the chapter on Inspiration by Father P. Benoit. As an exegete and a theologian, keenly aware both of the doctrinal principles involved and (...) of the real difficulties in the Bible, his approach to the question of inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture is truly illuminating; it disposes beforehand of a host of false problems which inevitably bedevil a notion of inspiration that is too rigid and, in fact, ‘unscriptural’. A thorough understanding of Benoit’s theory of Inspiration will rid one of a certain vague uneasiness and will leave one free to savour to the full the beauty and the riches, human as well as divine, of the Bible. The second edition of Guide to the Bible, Vol. I gives us the first nine chapters of the new Initiation Biblique. True to the spirit of the original it is not a mere translation. The bibliography has been consistently brought up to date and the translators have added very many footnotes. Besides, there are appendices which cover the idea of inspiration in Protestantism and Islam, and which give a detailed analysis of the books of the Pentateuch and an extended treatment of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It would be superfluous to emphasise the excellent qualities of the work. The appearance of this new edition should be a reminder to Catholics of our incalculable debt to French biblical scholarship. (shrink)

A basic model of hierarchical structure, expressed by simple, linear differential equations, shows that the pattern of population growth is essentially determined by conditions of redundancy in the sub-structure of individuals. There does not exist any possible combination between growth rate and accident rate that could balance population numbers and/or the level of redundancy within the population; all possible combinations either lead to extinction or to positive population growth with a decline of the fraction of individuals with redundant substructure. Declining (...) populations, however, can be held fluctuating between certain limits by periodic phases of sub-unit repair. These results are particularly pertinent to the population dynamics of diploid (polyploid) organisms. (shrink)

International Relations and the Philosophy of History examines the concept of civilization in relation to international systems through an extensive use of the literature in the philosophy of history. A. Nuri Yurdusev demonstrates the relevance of a civilizational approach to the study of contemporary international relations by looking at the multi-civilizational nature of the modern international system, the competing claims of national and civilizational identities and the rise of civilizational consciousness after the Cold War.

The scope and importance of the present work is manifest even to a casual glance; the actual heights of scholarly penetration and disinterestedness to which it rises can only be appreciated by the detailed examination of its text. From this latter examination, it readily appears that we are confronted with no ad hoc construction, no work cut, so to say, to fit a present need, however valid and cogent; but a work reflecting a near lifetime of application and animated by (...) a relentless devotion to documentary truth. For this reason, any account of it must, in simple justice, begin with a brief historical notice of the work itself. (shrink)

In his Vita Galbae Suetonius informs us that after Gaius' assassination Galba was urged by some to attempt to seize power but declined to do so. Consequently he was much favoured by Claudius, and held in such high regard that when Galba was smitten by a sudden, though mild, illness, the emperor postponed the expedition launched against Britain in A.D. 43: ‘ut cum subita ei [sc.Galbae] valetudo nee adeo gravis incidisset, dilatus sit expeditionis Britannicae dies’. The reference to the postponement (...) is clear and unequivocal, and contains nothing scurrilous or titillating that might have persuaded Suetonius to fabricate it. It does not, accordingly, seem unreasonable that modern commentators should, on the basis of this passage, record that Galba was present in Britain in A.D. 43. (shrink)