In order to exhibit the unity of a subject matter, the most diverse viewpoints may be taken up. Indeed, it is to be expected that the presentation of the coherence of a matter results in greater clarity and distinctness if it is regarded from various perspectives and in different aspects.

The exhilarating mix of humor, philosophy, fact and whimsy that marks these essays derives from more than 200 lectures Bruce Adolphe has given over most of the ...

Research on cross-border reproductive care has shown how the geographical, historical, economic and political contexts in which egg donation takes place shape this transnational practice. As many women offer their oocytes due to their precarious conditions, they become seen as ‘bioavailable bodies’. The presence of these bioavailable bodies is key to the emergence of global egg donation hotspots. We argue that feminist research needs to go beyond the conceptualization of egg donors as bioavailable bodies. We suggest the analysis of ‘reproductive (...) biographies’ as an innovative way to understand the entanglements of the global bioeconomy with intimate experiences of reproduction. We suggest advancing current feminist discussions around clinical labour by studying the entanglements between the global bioeconomy, a neoliberalized healthcare system, systematic feminicide and women’s reproductive biographies, and by revealing how women’s decision to donate results from gendered dependencies, obligations of care and coercive moments in egg donors’ reproductive biographies. (shrink)

In order to inquire into the possibility of a theory of education which, when constructed, will not turn out to be one-sided, three possibilities must be considered.

We defend a functionalist approach to emotion that begins by focusing on emotions as central states with causal connections to behavior and to other cognitive states. The approach brackets the conscious experience of emotion, lists plausible features that emotions exhibit, and argues that alternative schemes are unpromising candidates. We conclude with the benefits of our approach: one can study emotions in animals; one can look in the brain for the implementation of specific features; and one ends up with an architecture (...) of the mind in which emotions are fully accommodated through their relations to the rest of cognition. Our article focuses on arguing for this general approach; as such, it is an essay in the philosophy of emotion rather than in the psychology or neuroscience of emotion. (shrink)

Over the last few decades the biological sciences have developed a strong new branch which lays down certain important prerequisites for any conception of human nature. This is the science of behavior which has found a place half-way between its sister sciences, morphology and physiology, who are often very far apart from one another. The new science has given some of its representatives the will to try out new conceptions of the organism. “Behavior” combines structure and function in a new (...) whole, and it promises to overcome the separation between individual and environment, for a larger synthesis brings more comprehensive phenomena into view. It also promises to overcome the isolation of the individual, for it makes it possible to comprehend the individual as an integral part of a whole which is of necessity supra-individual. (shrink)

Researchers must infer “what babies know” based on what babies do. Thus, to maximize information from doing, researchers should use tasks and tools that capture the richness of infants' behaviors. We clarify Gibson's views about the richness of infants' behavior and their exploration in the service of guiding action – what Gibson called “learning about affordances.”.

The significance of the behavior of biological entities cannot be fully explained in terms of the physical and chemical processes upon which contemporary biological and medical research depends. The characteristic proper of biological entities is that they are systems marked by ‘inwardness’, that is, a capacity to interpret meanings in order to reach goals. The significance of this characteristic is given in examples from the author's morphological research. Keywords: biological research, inwardness, organism CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this?

Our approach to emotion emphasized three key ingredients. We do not yet have a mature science of emotion, or even a consensus view—in this respect we are more hesitant than Sander, Grandjean, and Scherer or Luiz Pessoa. Relatedly, a science of emotion needs to be highly interdisciplinary, including ecology, psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy. We recommend a functionalist view that brackets conscious experiences and that essentially treats emotions as latent variables inferred from a number of measures. But our version of functionalism (...) is not definitional or ontological. It is resolutely methodological, in good part because it is too early to attempt definitions. (shrink)

Based on studies with infants, we expand on Stoffregen & Bardy's explanation of perceptual motor errors, given the global array. Information pick-up from the global array is not sufficient without adequate exploratory movements and learning to support perceptually guided activity.

Theodor W. Adorno’s writings are often categorized as either political, aesthetic or critical. While all of these characteristics are legitimate, it is problematic to view Adorno from only one of these angles. In fact, many literary critics consider his thoughts about literature to be simple cultural criticism, i.e., something that leaves the realm of pure scholarship by defiling the argumentation with philosophy or politics. Political theorists and philosophers, on the other hand, often view his literary concerns as superfluous. It is (...) my thesis that Adorno’s way of thinking can only be adequately understood when these categories are not seen as mutually exclusive. In order to demonstrate this point, I will concentrate on his use of the term realism which can be seen as paradigmatic for this question. (shrink)

Barbey & Sloman (B&S) attribute base-rate neglect to associative processes (like retrieval from memory) that fail to adequately represent the set structure of the problem. This commentary notes that associative responses can also lead to base-rate overweighting. We suggest that the difference between the two patterns is related to the distinction between decisions from experience and decisions from description.

Zusammenfassung Childs’ Rekonstruktion der Genealogien wird bestätigt: Der Pfeiler ist wahrscheinlich von Cherẽi und nicht von Cheriga errichtet worden. Die am Ende der Südseite erwähnten Schlachten fanden wahrscheinlich nicht später als 428 v. Chr. statt. Die auf der Ostseite erwähnten Aktionen sind wahrscheinlich nicht später als 424 v. Chr., weil Ertaχssiraza unmittelbar vor einer Aktion des Dynasten Teϑϑiweibi erwähnt wird und daher mit Artaxerxes I. gleichzusetzen ist. In einer zuvor berichteten militärischen Aktion erscheinen Miϑrapata, Aruwãtijesi und die „Triere des Cherẽi“. (...) Am Beginn der Nordseite gibt es einen Sprung bis wahrscheinlich 412/411 v. Chr., als der Satrap Tissaphernes in Kaunos tätig war. Am Ende des Prosatextes ist wahrscheinlich in ]welẽ der Name des Dynasten Ddenewele zu sehen, als „sein Sohn“, d. h. Cherẽis Sohn und Nachfolger. Die griechischen Verse danach rühmen den Sohn des Harpagos, und sein Name sollte nach dem Καρικα γένος zu [Καρ.]ις ergänzt werden, nicht zu [Γεργ]ις. Die ihm zugeschriebene Tötung von sieben arkadischen Hopliten an einem Tag erklärt die sonst kryptische Zahl CII im Feldzug gegen Tlos. Die anschließenden B-lykischen Verse gelten aber Cheriga, und das Nordgedicht mag zu seinen Lebzeiten gedichtet worden sein, weil er hier handelnd auftritt. Der einzige chronologische Fixpunkt ist die Schlacht an der Mykale 428 v. Chr., von der auf der Südseite berichtet wird. Im Westgedicht tritt eine Frau namens Muni an die Stelle des Cheriga, und das könnte seine Frau sein, die nach dem Tod des Cherẽi die Herrschaft übernommen haben könnte. Dieses Bild von der Pfeiler-Chronologie ist vereinbar mit Müselers Chronologie der dynastischen Münzen mit den Namen von Cheriga, Teϑϑiweibi, Cherẽi und Ddenewele. Allerdings können im Rahmen dieses Konzepts andere auf dem Pfeiler vorkommende Dynasten wie Trbbẽnimi, Miϑrapata und Aruwãtijesi nicht mit den gleichnamigen Münzprägern identisch sein, mit der möglichen Ausnahme des Punamuwa. Außerdem ist der Cheriga der Münzen zwar sicher mit dem Cheriga auf dem Pfeiler identisch, aber offenbar nicht mit Cheriga, dem Vater des Erbbina in den Letoon-Inschriften. Doch der Dynast Waχssepddimi auf dem Pfeiler ist möglichwerweise identisch mit dem älteren der beiden Weχssere genannten Dynasten, der im Xanthostal unmittelbar nach der Herrschaft des Kuprlli Münzen prägte. (shrink)

The psychological and neurobiological processes underlying moral judgement have been the focus of many recent empirical studies1–11. Of central interest is whether emotions play a causal role in moral judgement, and, in parallel, how emotion-related areas of the brain contribute to moral judgement. Here we show that six patients with focal bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC), a brain region necessary for the normal generation of emotions and, in particular, social emotions12–14, produce an abnor- mally ‘utilitarian’ pattern of (...) judgements on moral dilemmas that pit compelling considerations of aggregate welfare against highly emotionally aversive behaviours (for example, having to sacrifice one person’s life to save a number of other lives)7,8. In contrast, the VMPC patients’ judgements were normal in other classes of moral dilemmas. These findings indicate that, for a selective set of moral dilemmas, the VMPC is critical for normal judgements of right and wrong. The findings support a necessary role for emotion in the generation of those judgements. (shrink)

Die Arbeit sucht die Ursprunge der grossen Systemkonzeptionen des Deutschen Idealismus auf, beschreibt Voraussetzungen fur die uber Kant hinausfuhrenden Systementwurfe und fragt von hier aus nach deren Einheit und Verschiedenheit.

Background:Stress can frequently occur in the driving context. Its cognitive effects can be deleterious and lead to uncomfortable or risky situations. While stress detection in this context is well developed, regulation using dedicated advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is still emergent.Objectives:This systematic review focuses on stress regulation strategies that can be qualified as “subtle” or “mindless”: the technology employed to perform regulation does not interfere with an ongoing task. The review goal is 2-fold: establishing the state of the art on such (...) technological implementation in the driving context and identifying complementary technologies relying on subtle regulation that could be applied in driving.Methods:A systematic review was conducted using search operators previously identified through a concept analysis. The patents and scientific studies selected provide an overview of actual and potential mindless technology implementations. These are then analyzed from a scientific perspective. A classification of results was performed according to the different stages of emotion regulation proposed by the Gross model.Results:A total of 47 publications were retrieved, including 21 patents and 26 studies. Six of the studies investigated mindless stress regulation in the driving context. Patents implemented strategies mostly linked to attentional deployment, while studies tended to investigate response modulation strategies.Conclusions:This review allowed us to identify several ADAS relying on mindless computing technologies to reduce stress and better understand the underlying mechanisms allowing stress reduction. Further studies are necessary to better grasp the effect of mindless technologies on driving safety. However, we have established the feasibility of their implementation as ADAS and proposed directions for future research in this field. (shrink)