The subject of the study is the concepts of "metaphilosophy" in the works of several modern domestic and foreign scientists-metaphilosophists. The relevance of the article is due to the presence of a variety of metaphilosophical concepts, which, pursuing one common goal – to understand and explain what philosophy is, come to different and often contradictory conclusions. The article aims to compare the metaphilosophical concepts of domestic and foreign authors (T. I. Oizerman, M. K. Mamardashvili, J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, T. (...) Williamson and N. Rescher) according to certain criteria. Within the framework of the task, it is proposed to identify the essential characteristics of the concept of "philosophy" of the listed authors and to propose a variant of the typology of modern concepts of metaphilosophy. The article uses the method of comparative analysis. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author, analyzing the existing typologies of metaphilosophical concepts (on a conceptual and methodological basis), offers a third variant of the typology in relation to the possibility of progress in philosophy and its prospects. The author draws attention to the fact that the understanding of metaphilosophy in the concepts of the scientists under consideration (Oiserman, Williamson, Rescher, Deleuze and Guattari) reveals interesting parallels and collisions. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to better understand the nature of metaphilosophy, it is necessary to identify the essential characteristics of the concept of metaphilosophy in the concepts of different scientists. The picture of metaphilosophy turns out to be diverse and contradictory, because according to the authors considered, metaphilosophy is "cabinet"; - pluralistic; - "aporic"; - self-reflexive; - dialectical; - is in constant development; - guided by the principles of pragmatism and efficiency; - able to give satisfactory answers to current questions; - is not absolutely rational, but contains an element of intuition. (shrink)

In the context of the new paradigms of the knowledge-based economy, education and the quality of the educational system is becoming one of the strongest factors of influence. Decisions regarding the financing of education have a particular impact on the level of expenditure in the pre-university system and on the organization of the system of study courses. Furthermore, they are closely linked to the economics and accounting of pre-university education institutions. The existence or lack of material resources can greatly influence (...) the teaching activity process and implicitly the results achieved by the system. This paper aims to examine the consequences of certain decisions regarding funding in education, student achievement in pre-university education using data on government spending in the world relative to a single student, the level of salaries in secondary education and the number of students per teacher and the student's test scores. The authors chose the quantitative research methodology using the multiple linear regression model with dependent and independent variables to test the extent to which certain parameters of the funding process can influence the results achieved by students in standardized tests. The research results show that decisions regarding the financing of education in terms of salaries and the level of funding based on the standard cost per student have a direct impact on the achievements of the students and also, on the scores achieved by students. (shrink)

The employee motivation at the organizational level is naturally quantified in achieving performance goals. In this paper are studied the motivational factors from the perspective of employee work performance reflected, vertically, in the organizational performance and further in the macroeconomic performance. Using an empirical study in which the observed data were obtained through a survey conducted in this year among the Romanian employees, in this paper we validate three hypotheses that establish the association of employee performance, on the one hand (...) with proactive personality traits and on the other hand with certain motivational factors. As well, we highlight some managerial implications that can contribute to increasing workplace performance by using of appropriate motivational factors. (shrink)

Comment on Alfandre et al, "Between Usual and Crisis Phases of a Public Health Emergency: The Mediating Role of Contingency Measures".

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The purpose of the study is to research intermediary transactions in the oil and gas producing industries and present them based on the results of the internal audit. In accordance with this goal, the article discusses and analyzes the theoretical aspects of accounting and methods of conducting an internal audit of settlements for intermediary transactions in oil companies. Attention is focused on the fact that intermediary operations are important in regulating the mechanism of market relations of both manufacturing companies and (...) purchasing companies. The article analyzes the current methodological guidelines of oil companies on the accounting of intermediary operations and the rules for conducting internal audits. As a result, shortcomings in the accounting of intermediary operations were identified and methodological recommendations for their improvement were presented, confirming the scientific novelty of the study. (shrink)

This book considers the aesthetic, cultural, and philosophical facets of a temporal paradox in the works of French novelist Claude Simon, and its broader implications for the study of narrative, and for cultural and post-modern theory.

Focusing on the controversial birth control pills Yaz and Yasmin, this article explores how debates about the safety of these drugs have materialized in risk evaluations and the management of technological risk. Drawing on in-depth interviews with stakeholders and content analysis of legal, medical, and regulatory documents, I highlight how professional contraceptive risk assessment is characterized by systemic uncertainty and doubt, resulting in increased responsibility for users themselves to manage the drugs’ potentially increased risks of venous thromboembolism. The analysis centers (...) on three key areas in the assessment process that denote disagreement: risk measurement in postmarket surveillance data, the distinctiveness of the drugs’ benefits when compared to other contraceptive technologies, and the weighing of the risks and benefits against each other. While professionals negotiate uncertainty both in epidemiological research and in clinical practice, users are constructed as agents who should manage risk individually. Such processes are underlined by a diffusion of responsibility in the systemic management of contraceptive risk. This article suggests, more broadly, that medical technologies can be conceptualized as artifacts that are instrumental in the dispersion of risks. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to establish a relation between the cooperative principle formulated by H.P. Grice in pragmatics and the principle of sincere cooperation laid down in the founding Treaties on the European Union and interpretated by the Court of Justice of the European Union, intimately linked to the ethical imperative of cooperation, in a cultural framework shared by the Member States. The key concepts are ratio and value and the case-law analysed is provided by the recent cases (...) of the Romanian magistrates. The principle of cooperation reasserted also as the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism is the main obligation and it implies compliance with agreements and action to obtain certain effects. (shrink)

Science fiction cinema proposal for Bioethic education Proposta do cinema de ficção científica para educar em Bioética Posthumanism state that technologies will eliminate aging, improve cognitive, physical and psychological skills and keep alive human minds by uploading them in machines as artificial intelligence. These beliefs, as constant features in science fiction films, could be useful to educate medical students in Bioethics. We propose some of these science fiction films related with technological changes of humans and the noxious consequences: Being turned (...) into a humanoid created by genetic engineering; a slave or a merchandize without rights; discrimination because of eugenesic genetic manipulation; and/or the creation of cyborgs of mass destruction. Also, the movies can show the reader issues of ethnic supremacy dilemmas, identity impersonate and ambition, impersonal intelligence and conscience and identity transpass after death. These films will help teachers to analyze with students the moral limits of science and technologies. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Alerm-González AJ, González-Pérez U. Propuesta del cine de ciencia ficción para educar en Bioética. Pers Bioet. 2019; 22: 14-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.1.2 Recibido: 10/11/2017 Aceptado: 20/10/2018. (shrink)

In this paper, I will discuss new approaches to investigating increasingly influential, yet under-researched, theoretical assumptions regarding the role dialogic interaction plays in cognitive development. I will present a psychological theory that refines social learning models by integrating them with schema-theoreticperspectives. I will then review Philosophy for Children pedagogy, demonstrating how it can provide a useful context for conducting empirical studies of learning theories that emphasize the use of dialogue for promoting individual argumentation development. Next, I will describe a research (...) design and data-analytic tools used to examine the educational potential of engagement in a philosophical dialogue for the development of argumentation. Finally, I will present preliminary results of a study evaluating the connections between 1) specific features of group interactions experienced by elementary school students and 2) individual student performance on multiple measures of argumentation. (shrink)

Gaze following is the ability to use others’ gaze to obtain information about the environment. As such, it may be highly adaptive in a variety of socio-ecological contexts, and thus be widespread across animal taxa. To date, gaze following has been mostly studied in primates, and partially in birds, but little is known on the gaze following abilities of other taxa and, especially, on the evolutionary pressures that led to their emergence. In this study, we used an experimental approach to (...) test gaze following skills in a still understudied taxon, ungulates. Across four species, we assessed the individual ability to spontaneously follow the gaze of both conspecifics and human experimenters in different conditions. In line with our predictions, species followed the model’s gaze both with human and conspecific models, but more likely with the latter. Except for guanacos, all species showed gaze following significantly more in the experimental conditions. Despite the relative low number of study subjects, our study provides the first experimental evidence of gaze following skills in non-domesticated ungulates, and contributes to understanding how gaze following skills are distributed in another taxon—an essential endeavor to identify the evolutionary pressures leading to the emergence of gaze following skills across taxa. (shrink)

The paper considers three main models of temporal consciousness proposed in grappling with the “paradox of temporal awareness”. They are based on the notion that there is a basic element of perception in the form of some “mental frame” or “apparent present” which, while effective for describing some perceptual features, does not fully reflect our phenomenal experience. It is argued that a two-level model based on the separation of the “specious present” and “current present” is best correlated with higher-order theories (...) of consciousness and should act as a basis for further development of the temporal model of consciousness. (shrink)

The present study sets out to discuss a literary work as a reflection of topophrenia, a space of anguish, which contains the data of both the abandoned space and of the new home, which are hypostasized in positive or negative emotions that the exiled writer experiences. Focusing on the exile and the space in Norman Manea’s works, this article proves the existence of an original view about this experience. Manea’s last novel, The Exiled Shadow (2021) is also included in our (...) analyses. (shrink)

W tekście podjęto zagadnienie wartości operatywno-heurystycznego prozdrowotnego kształtowania postaw inspirowanego filozoficzną koncepcją Juliana Aleksandrowicza. Tło rozważań stanowią obecne we współczesnej kulturze tendencje rozwoju ultratechnologii. Z uwagi na odcięcie się medycyny od korzenia filozofii zachodzi konieczność przewartościowania dziedzictwa neopozytywistycznego oraz redefinicji pojęć: „zdrowie” i „choroba”. Problem decyzyjny „życie albo śmierć”, definiowany w kategoriach dysjunkcji, narzuca nowy sposób interpretacji pojęć moralnych. Idea autokreacji w procesie przywracania dobrze stworzonej natury jest w tej koncepcji równoważona przez subiektywne poczucie zdrowia, odnoszone do szerokiego kontekstu fizycznego (...) i psycho-duchowego, społecznego, środowiskowego. Myśl ta znalazła odzwierciedlenie w przyjętej przez Juliana Aleksandrowicza koncepcji holistycznie ujmowanego zdrowia jako wartości moralnej. --------------- Zgłoszono: 21/04/2021. Zrecenzowano: 14/06/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 06/09/2021. (shrink)

The article describes the basic elements of an ethical infrastructure that manifest themselves as mechanisms regulating the relationship between public servants and the public, being the part of professional activities. Ethics for public servants is defined as the system of regulations of conduct, procedure and rules, and relationships and principles of public-service relationship that is most appropriate set of deeply understood and concretized norms of morality inherent in this society. According to the authors, the main problem of a civil servant (...) professional ethics is the fact that its activities must meet not only the Constitution of Ukraine and current legislation, but also moral principles and norms. (shrink)

This paper is dealing with one of the greatest novels in the British literature, The Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing. The novel and its main character, Anna Wulf can be interpreted in myriad ways, but our analysis is a psychoanalytical one. The introductory part of the paper gives the definitions of the psychoanalytical words that will be later on used in the paper.In The Golden Notebook, the life of Lessing’s main character offers an understanding of issues such as political repression, (...) sexual abuse, single parenthood, writer’s block, and the women’s movement. Anna Wulf’s fragmented personality is caught in the four notebooks that she writes, each one being concerned with one of Anna’s selves. Anna is the most complicated heroine analysed and we will try to discover which of her various selves are confirmed and which are repressed. In Anna’s process of healing, there are two moments of climactic confirmation: the first one when she admits that she is mad and the second one when she admits she has a writer’s block. (shrink)

A performance appraisal system forms an integral part of any developed management concept. The efficiency of such an appraisal system is fostered in institutions which prioritise quality and continuous improvement, and where innovationfriendly actions are joined by those that build confidence. An efficient appraisal system is characterised as follows: it is systemic in character, regular, universal, flexible, concrete, transparent and simple in application. When implementing a modern appraisal system, care should be taken to adhere to ethically sound principles such as (...) fairness, objectivity, goodness and truthfulness. (shrink)

This paper introduces moral argument analytics, a technology that provides insights into the use of moral arguments in discourse. We analyse five socio-political corpora of argument annotated data from offline and online discussions, totalling 240k words with 9k arguments, with an average annotation accuracy of 78%. Using a lexicon-based method, we automatically annotate these arguments with moral foundations, achieving an estimated accuracy of 83%. Quantitative analysis allows us to observe statistical patterns and trends in the use of moral arguments, whereas (...) qualitative analysis enables us to understand and explain the communication strategies in the use of moral arguments in different settings. For instance, supporting arguments often rely on Loyalty and Authority, while attacking arguments use Care. We find that online discussions exhibit a greater diversity of moral foundations and a higher negative valence of moral arguments. Online arguers often rely more on Harm rather than Care, Degradation rather than Sanctity. These insights have significant implications for AI applications, particularly in understanding and predicting human and machine moral behaviours. This work contributes to the construction of more convincing messages and the detection of harmful or biased AI-generated synthetic content. (shrink)

Through her reading of Euripides'Bacchae, Colridge's "Christabel," de Sade'sPhilosophy in the Bedroom, and Hitchcock'sPsycho author Alina M. Luna finds precedent for a destructive impulse lurking beneath the maternal gaze.