La música puede afectar al individuo en todos sus niveles –físico, mental y espiritual–. El presente artículo se centra en el papel que ésta desempeña en el desarrollo de la vida espiritual y trascendental. Para ello, realizaremos un repaso histórico de su evolución estética y social, abordaremos dicho fenómeno a nivel fisiológico y presentaremos sus aplicaciones clínicas y sociales. Seguidamente y a modo de ejemplo de las concepciones de pensamiento occidental y oriental, trataremos la forma en que el cristianismo y (...) el budismo conciben la música dentro de su doctrina. Finalizaremos con algunas reflexiones sobre el tema. (shrink)

Like other postmodern structures, post-industrial labour markets display more frequent and rapid changes and higher unpredictability. In these conditions, the world of work is less capable in providing individuals stable signals for the construction of their behaviours. This paper aims to examine both macro and micro factors that shape labour market participation and expectations related to employment outcomes. We explore statistical data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 collected from almost seventy thousands individuals around the world. Focusing on subjective (...) evaluations of expected employment outcomes, our results are relevant for better understanding labour market participation from a postmodern perspective. (shrink)

En este trabajo abordo un caso específico del problema clásico de la individuación en la Filosofía de la Biología: el de las colonias de insectos, y en particular, de hormigas. El carácter individual de un conjunto de hormigas que forman una colonia puede ser objeto de controversia, ya que, desde un punto de vista intuitivo, no parece constituir un individuo. Mi objetivo es demostrar que las colonias de hormigas son individuos biológicos. Para ello, me centro en dos de los tipos (...) de individuos más estudiados en la Filosofía de la Biología: los funcionales y los evolutivos, y examino si las colonias de hormigas cumplen con las condiciones necesarias para ser consideradas individuos en estos términos. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to identify and analyze the changes made to IFRS 3, 9, 10 and 16 since the beginning of COVID-19, and how these affect the presentation of financial statements, influencing decision-making. With the use of the deductive method and applying a qualitative approach, collecting information through the database of the Superintendency of Companies of Ecuador, an evaluative analysis of each company was carried out and how they applied the modifications offered by the IFRS, reviewing the (...) financial statements of 60 companies in the Commercial, Real Estate and Financial sectors where it was obtained that 15% of these companies presented changes in their financial statements, of this percentage 8.3% belong to companies in the commercial sector, 5. 1% comes from entities in the real estate sector and 1.6% are from companies in the financial sector. It is concluded that there is no significant change in the presentation of financial information since COVID-19. (shrink)

Spin is a fundamental and distinctive property of the electron, having far-reaching implications. Yet its purely formal treatment often blurs the physical content and meaning of the spin operator and associated observables. In this work we propose to advance in disclosing the meaning behind the formalism, by first recalling some basic facts about the one-particle spin operator. Consistently informed by and in line with the quantum formalism, we then proceed to analyse in detail the spin projection operator correlation function \=\left\langle (...) \left \left \right\rangle \) for the bipartite singlet state, and show it to be amenable to an unequivocal probabilistic reading. In particular, the calculation of \\) entails a partitioning of the probability space, which is dependent on the directions \.\) The derivation of the CHSH- or other Bell-type inequalities, on the other hand, does not consider such partitioning. This observation puts into question the applicability of Bell-type inequalities to the bipartite singlet spin state. (shrink)

Este trabalho vinculou-se numa abordagem hermenêutica, analisou os discursos sobre a Ciência da Motricidade Humana, com atenção ao seu método de pesquisa. A Motricidade tem seus pressupostos assentes na fenomenologia, no pensamento complexo e no materialismo histórico dialético. Efetua diálogos com diversas correntes do pensamento científico sugerindo para as pesquisas que decorrem da sua teoria o método integrativo. O método integrativo converge com a idéia de transgressão metodológica, sendo um espaço de aproveitamento de todas as vertentes metodológicas, mas pode revelarincoerência (...) de um dado pressuposto teórico.Palavras-chave: Motricidade Humana; Método Integrativo; Transgressão This work was engaged to a hermeneutic approach, analyzed the speeches contained in the texts on the Human Motricity Science, with attention to their research method. The Motricity has its assumptions based on phenomenology, in complex thinking and the historical and dialectical materialism. Perform dialogues with various currents of scientific thought to research suggesting that stem from its integrative theory method. The integrative method converges with the idea of methodological transgression, with an area of exploitation of all methodological approaches, but can prove inconsistency of a given theoretical assumption. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a un conocimiento más exhaustivo de la historia socio-económica de al-Andalus en general y del tema de la pobreza involuntaria en particular. La literatura paremiológica andalusí proporciona un caudal de información nada desdeñable en relación con los diferentes aspectos relativos al tema en cuestión, tales como la concepción de la pobreza, sus causas y consecuencias, así como las distintas formas de contrarrestarla por parte de los afectados y del prójimo. El refranero andalusí pone (...) a nuestra disposición una serie de imágenes establecidas con respecto a los pobres y a su estado, permitiéndonos conocer los estímulos que esta realidad social provocaba entre la población. Desde este punto de vista, este tipo de documentación permite apreciar las prácticas sociales existentes en al-Andalus, las cuales dejan traslucir los valores morales y éticos de esta sociedad. (shrink)

Education can be seen as an investment that brings higher incomes to individuals. People with higher levels of education collect important earnings premium in the labour market. On the other hand, the expansion of education is a major trend that characterizes evolution of societies, with important positive effects at the level of social and economic development. This paper aims to explore the influence of educational attainment on subjective incomes of individuals, while taking into account other relevant personal factors, as well (...) as the phenomenon of education expansion at national level. We build our analysis on data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 collected from individuals around the world in various national settings. Our results are useful for better understand the influences of increasing participation to education on the earnings structure at both individual and national levels. (shrink)

We introduce the papers in this special issue by providing an overarching perspective on the variety in kinds of commons and the ethical issues stemming from their diversity. Despite a long history of local commons management, recent decades have witnessed a surge of scholarly interest in the concept of “the commons,” including a growing management literature. This swell was impelled especially by Garrett Hardin’s paper of 1968, and the body of work generated by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. However, the (...) term itself has come to be used in a variety of ways. To contextualize its ethical dimensions, we map a number of commons-related concepts such as common-pool resources, common property regime, excludability and subtractability, common-pool resource types and commons or “commoning” as a source of production. Following a brief summary of papers in this special issue, the essay concludes with an identification of implications for research, practice and policy. (shrink)

Stress has been being pointed as the evil of the current world and can affect as much adults as children. The disorders associated with stress are varied, and people who suffer from it frequently present physical and psychological problems, influencing their behavior and social environment. The care..

Reseña de: Tenreiro Rodríguez, Victoria, Creer en el Otro: La motivación moral a partir de Kant y Levinas, Valencia, Ápeiron Ediciones, 2017, 437 pp. ISBN: 978-84- 17182-51-9.

Resumen: Espacio y tiempo son conceptos inseparables. La relación que los une es tan estrecha que el espacio puede considerarse la otra cara del tiempo, y viceversa. La unidad y a la vez alteridad espacio-temporal representa un problema fundamental tanto para la ciencia, especialmente la física, como para la filosofía y el arte. Aunque puede haber puntos de encuentro entre las concepciones de las diferentes áreas, se observan diferencias fundamentales en la manera de entender ambos conceptos y la relación entre (...) ellos. El espacio y tiempo de la física clásica y el espacio lógico de Wittgenstein, ligado al presupuesto de la simultaneidad, son presuposiciones teóricas necesarias para establecer leyes físicas o bien para lograr representaciones exactas. Frente a la noción científica y transcendental está la concepción ontológica de Heidegger y la artística de Chillida. Renunciando al ideal de la exactitud, de lo medible y comprobable, el filósofo y el escultor entienden la mutua pertenencia de espacio y tiempo como algo que tiene una importancia fundamental para la vida humana y que representa un reto que hay que buscar.: Space and time are inseparable concepts. The relationship that joins them is so close that one can understand space as the opposite side of time, and vice versa. Unity and otherness of space and time constitute a fundamental problem for science, especially physics, as well as for philosophy and art. Although there may be connecting lines between the conceptions those different fields hold on space and time, one observes fundamental differences in the way they understand these two concepts and the relation between them. The conception of space and time in classical physics, as well as in Wittgenstein’s notion of logical space connected with the principle of simultaneity, represent necessary theoretical premises in order to establish physical laws and precise representations. Opposite to the scientific and transcendental concepts, we find Heidegger’s ontological and Chillida’s artistic conceptions. Giving up the ideal of precision, of measurement and verification, the philosopher and the sculptor understand the mutual belonging of space and time as something that has a fundamental importance in human life, and that constitutes a challenge that one can only search for. (shrink)

The novels of the Civil Rights Era are the place where voices speak the unspeakable, where the reader is showed from various angles the human character in times of conflict. The novels chosen for analysis—The Color Purple and Native Son uncover oppression and trauma, ways to cope with the ills of a society, and the forms of redemption or healing methods according to the case. The issues tackled are not just racial, they are human issues too. In every story there (...) are universal lessons for times of conflict when the power of reason should prevail. The message is to learn from history and thus prevent evil from reappearing. (shrink)

Classifications are useful and efficient. We group things into kinds to facilitate the acquisition and transmission of important, often tacit, information about a particular entity qua member of some kind. Whilst it is universally acknowledged that classifications are useful, some scientific classifications (e.g. chemical elements) are held to higher epistemic standards than folk classifications (e.g. bugs). Scientific classifications in terms of ‘natural kinds’ are considered to be more reliable and successful because they are highly projectible and support law-like and inductive (...) generalisations. What counts as a natural kind is, however, controversial: according to essentialists (e.g. Putnam, Kripke, Ellis) natural kinds are mind-independent and possess essential characteristics; according to promiscuous realists (e.g. Dupre ) there are ‘countless legitimate, objectively grounded ways of classifying objects in the world’; and according to scientific realists (e.g. Boyd, Psillos) natural kinds are grounded in the ‘causal structure of the world’. More specifically, realism about kinds can be understood as a commitment to the existence of natural divisions (kinds) in the world that we come to know as a result of mature scientific investigation into the nature of such kinds. Realism about natural kinds is supported and articulated in terms of three main arguments, metaphysical, semantical, and epistemological. In the first part of my thesis I offer a sustained and systematic investigation of these three main arguments, with their respective promises and prospects for the viability of realism about kinds and I find them wanting, whilst in the second part of the thesis I pursue an unexplored line of inquiry regarding natural kinds and propose a mild realism about natural kinds via the ontology of real patterns. (shrink)

A base da autonomia acontece na presença do outro, através do diálogo. Pensando nisso e preocupadas em oferecer ferramentas para o educador é que temos desenvolvido oficinas com dinâmicas, pois elas favorecem o filosofar, possibilitam ao profissional da educação infantil um espaço para ressignificar sua atuação e sua prática diante da reflexão e de vivências que o levem a experimentar o saber de si enquanto sujeito aberto ao diálogo e a novas aprendizagens.

En este artículo se pretende poner de manifiesto las restricciones impuestas por el Estado español a la libertad de movimiento. Una vez descritas estas restricciones en las tres primeras olas de la pandemia de la Covid-19, se reflexiona sobre los posibles excesos del gobierno aumentando su control sobre una ciudadanía preocupada y con temor hacia la pandemia. Sin embargo, existe una consecuencia inesperada en las actitudes políticas de las personas: una reducción de las preferencias hacia la democracia, a favor del (...) autoritarismo. (shrink)

En este artículo hemos intentado poner de relieve la íntima solidaridad que existe entre la ontología y la estética de Gilles Deleuze. La conexión entre ambas disciplinas es tan estrecha que resulta materialmente imposible aproximarse a la teoría del arte de Deleuze sin tener una clara comprensión de las nociones nucleares que integran su pensamiento. Los conceptos de Deleuze no son estáticos, sino móviles, lo que les permite variar de fisonomía a medida que se desplaza el horizonte de la investigación. (...) Este es el motivo de que, en el proyecto del filósofo francés, la obra de arte reciba un tratamiento conceptual que es tributario de tesis elaboradas en el ámbito de la más rigurosa especulación ontológica. Deleuze concibe el arte como un antídoto contra las pasiones tristes de las que hablaba Spinoza, un revulsivo contra una Sociedad que asfixia la creatividad con sus clichés, un «paisaje» nuevo que solo podemos habitar a condición de despojarnos de nuestra pretendida identidad. (shrink)

Every legitimate exercise of political power owes its very existence to Church. On the other hand, every Church power lies in papal power. Therefore, the power of the Pope himself, even in earthy matters, is a total, absolute power, sine pondere, numero et mensura, as Egidio points out. Two powers, two swords but just a unique authority: that of the Pope.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is responsible for prosecuting individuals for heinous crimes that take place during civil and/or international armed conflicts, including sexual violence. Prosecuting this crime relies primarily on survivor accounts, but witnesses often fear the psychological effects of giving such testimony, particularly because there is a high risk of retraumatization, a stigma associated with victimhood, and a fear of victim-blaming. Thus, the Court’s Victims and Witness Unit (VWU) puts forth provisions for questioning vulnerable witnesses, requiring, in part, (...) that questioners avoid embarrassing or offending witnesses. Using a discourse analytic approach, this paper examines transcripts from three recent ICC cases dealing with wartime sexual violence—_Bemba, Ongwen_, and _Katanga and Chui—_exploring the discursive strategies employed by prosecutors and defense attorneys in these trials as they navigate arguing their cases before the judges while also tailoring their questions to adhere to the VWU’s provisions. I show that adhering to the provisions often involves relying on euphemistic expressions to discuss rape—which enter the trial discourse through linguistic formulations and reformulations—even though these expressions reflect the language used to discuss consensual sex and not sexual violence. Thus, this method of adhering to the provisions can undermine the prosecution’s case while helping the defense’s. (shrink)

This article argues that thinking about entrepreneurship as a potential instrument for relief from endemic poverty and disadvantage, especially among the Indigenous, has all too often been captive to a concept of entrepreneurship that is built out of constrained economic and cultural assumptions. The authors develop this argument from a critical discussion of contributions by Karl Polanyi and Robert Heilbroner. The result is that approaches to venture have been encouraged that are sometimes a poor fit for the circumstances of those (...) they are meant to benefit, and other forms that could have considerable promise have gone unexplored. This article outlines some features of Indigenous culture and build on the analysis of David Harper to construct an improved notion of entrepreneurship that allows for these distinctive features. The article concludes that research and policy making concerning entrepreneurship as an instrument of development among the Indigenous need to be undertaken with this reconstructed understanding of entrepreneurship that is a better fit for the realities of Indigenous culture. (shrink)