Acercar el pensamiento sanjuanista al tema de la «Interioridad humana» supone una esperanza de nue- vos horizontes de cultivo de la vida inte- rior, no solo para los creyentes sino tam- bién para todo buscador de la Verdad. Asimismo, queremos proponer el símbolo de la Noche Oscura como camino mista- gógico para la plena maduración de la in- terioridad humana, sobre todo en el marco de los principales hallazgos de di- cha experiencia, a saber: conocimiento de sí, conocimiento de Dios (...) y amor al prójimo. Relacionamos esos provechos con algunos desafíos de la actualidad — en concreto con el individualismo, con el sin sentido nihilista— y con las diversas búsquedas actuales del cultivo interior, presentando de qué manera el cristia- nismo contribuye con la realización de un humanismo integral y solidario. (shrink)

_Review of: Consani, Cristina Foroni; Klein, Joel T.; Nour Sckell, Soraya, _Cosmopolitanism: From the Kantian Legacy to Contemporary Approaches_, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, pp. 327. ISBN 978-3-428-58460-4._.

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants have been shown to change responses to unfairness; however, the effects of their combined use on unfairness evaluation are unknown. This study examines the effects of concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use on the evaluation of fair and unfair offers. To analyze behavioral changes on responses to unfairness, we compared the performance of medicated participants and healthy controls in the Ultimatum Game, both in the proposer and in the respondent role. The results showed that long-term psychotropic users (...) had the worse economic strategy by accepting less offers than control subjects. However, in the proposer role, the unfair offers made by participants were similar between groups. The present results suggest that long-term use of psychotropic medication, specifically the combination of benzodiazepines and antidepressants, may increase the sensitivity to unfairness, resulting in higher rejection rates in conditions where this strategy is the most disadvantageous. (shrink)

Este livro é uma coletânea internacional, transdisciplinar, formada por capítulos de pesquisas na pós-graduação por pesquisadores(as) de várias áreas do conhecimento que celebraram os cem anos de Paulo Freire, em 2021. O legado de Freire é articulado nesta obra com os estudos da Análise Institucional, com a Filosofia da Diferença e a educação como prática de libertação e transgressão. Também se materializa, neste conjunto de textos com autoria de vários países, uma homenagem in memoriam a Gregório Baremblitt, que faleceu em (...) 2021 no Brasil, e deixou importante trabalho de formação em Esquizoanálise, Esquizodrama e Análise Institucional no país, com ressonâncias relevantes em todas as regiões brasileiras, em diversas áreas e profissões, pesquisas e docências. Ainda, faz-se uma homenagem in memoriam a bell hooks, com iniciais minúsculas como resistência da autora. Ela também faleceu em 2021, deixando um consistente trabalho para diversas áreas e com intensa conversa com Paulo Freire. Portanto, este livro é marcado por afeto, lembranças, memórias, homenagens e celebra a importância de Paulo Freire, Baremblitt e bell hooks na relação com Guattari, Deleuze, Análise Institucional e Esquizoanálise. Em 2022, nos lembramos de Félix Guattari, que faleceu há 30 anos, em novembro, e que esteve várias vezes no Brasil. Guattari, assim como Paulo Freire, Baremblitt e bell hooks lutou e pensou por multiplicidade e com movimentos sociais libertários. Assim, este é um livro com apostas políticas, éticas e estéticas de afirmação de uma educação libertária e que desenvolve práticas materialistas marcadas pelas perspectivas polissêmicas, polifônicas e dialógicas"--Cover page 4. (shrink)

Contemporary bioethics is, at least in part, the product of biomedical and sociopolitical changes in the middle to latter part of the 20th century. These changes prompted reflection on deep moral questions at a time when traditional sources of moral guidance no longer were widely respected and, in some cases, were being rejected. In light of this, scholars, policy makers, and clinicians sought to identify a common morality that could be used among persons with different moral commitments to resolve disputes (...) and guide clinical practice and health policy. The concept of the common morality remains important in bioethics. This essay considers the common morality in light of the work of H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (shrink)

The contemporary confluence of globalization and ethical pluralism is at the origin of many ethical challenges that confront business nowadays, both in practice and in theory. One of the challenges arising from the development of globalization has to do with respect for cultural diversity. It is often said that the success of economic globalization tends towards social and cultural homogeneity. To the extent that cultural diversity is usually seen as a valuable reality, that global trend seems to contradict our efforts (...) to respect ethical pluralism, both personal and cultural, within society. In this paper I argue that (a) ethical minimalism, despite its emphasis on tolerance and justice, does not take pluralism seriously into account in present-day society, and (b) ethical minimalism is not suited to balancing the homogenizing trend of globalization. Certainly ethical norms are necessary, but by no means are they sufficient in themselves to encourage either justice or tolerance; nor are they sufficient to inspire and encourage good practices and sound regulations. Instead, virtue-based ethics has the capacity of inspiring and encouraging good practices. Particularly, virtue-based ethics is able to inspire a serious dialogue about ethical and legal issues both in the public arena and within organizations. (shrink)

Flexibility in conceptual projection constitutes one of the most challenging issues in the embodiment and conceptual metaphor literatures. We sketch a theoretical proposal that places the burden of the explanation on attentional dynamics in interaction with mental models in working memory that are constrained to be maximally coherent. A test of this theory is provided in the context of the conceptual projection of time onto the domain of space. Participants categorized words presented at different spatial locations (back–front, left–right) as referring (...) to the past or to the future. Responses were faster when the irrelevant word location was congruent with the back–past, front–future metaphoric mapping. Moreover, when a new highly task-relevant spatial frame of reference was introduced, it changed the projection of past and future onto space in a way that was congruent with the new frame (past was now projected to left space and future to right space), as predicted by the theory. This study shows that there is substantial flexibility in conceptual projection and opens a venue to study metaphoric variation across tasks, individuals, and cultures as the result of attentional dynamics. (shrink)

Studies of creative industries typically contend that creative work is profoundly precarious, taking place on a freelance basis in highly competitive, individualized and contingent labour markets. Such studies depict creative workers as correspondingly self-enterprising, self-reliant, self-interested and calculative agents who valorise care-free independence. In contrast, we adopt the ‘ethics of care’ approach to explore, recognize and appreciate the communitarian, relational and moral considerations as well as interpersonal connectedness and interdependencies that underpin creative work. Drawing on in-depth interviews with creative workers (...) in a range of marginal socio-cultural contexts, we argue that creative workers cultivate and sustain a diverse array of practices of care arising from an affective concern with the well-being of others. Far from being merely individualistic and crudely competitive actors, creative workers enact practical ethical responsibilities and affectivities towards a range of human and non-human others, including families, local communities and neighbourhoods, colleagues, artistic scenes and their adjacent genres, and surrounding national and linguistic cultures. In emphasizing the fundamental and structuring role of care in contingent labour markets our approach accords with recent trends in the social sciences that ‘affirmatively’—as opposed to ‘negatively’ and ‘suspiciously’—recognize that mutuality, solidarity and affectivity are powerful drivers of action on a par with or even exceeding market-driven self-centredness. (shrink)

How do we acquire a mental representation of our own face? Recently, synchronous, but not asynchronous, interpersonal multisensory stimulation between one’s own and another person’s face has been used to evoke changes in self-identification . We investigated the conscious experience of these changes with principal component analyses that revealed that while the conscious experience during synchronous IMS focused on resemblance and similarity with the other’s face, during asynchronous IMS it focused on multisensory stimulation. Analyses of the identified common factor structure (...) revealed significant quantitative differences between synchronous and asynchronous IMS on self-identification and perceived similarity with the other’s face. Experiment 2 revealed that participants with lower interoceptive sensitivity experienced stronger enfacement illusion. Overall, self-identification and body-ownership rely on similar basic mechanisms of multisensory integration, but the effects of multisensory input on their experience are qualitatively different, possibly underlying the face’s unique role as a marker of selfhood. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende analisar o processo de entrada da arte no horizonte da estética. Para isso, Martin Heidegger acompanha alguns dos conceitos desenvolvidos pelos gregos, como por exemplo, a relação entre matéria e forma e a arte como mímesis. O filósofo alemão também explicita a ligação entre sujeito e objeto como o pressuposto da época de imagens de mundo. Considerando as intepretações oferecidas pelos pensadores modernos, Heidegger avalia como a obra de arte se torna um suporte para experiências sensíveis e (...) como o juízo de gosto associou a estética com a beleza e nossa sensibilidade. (shrink)

The private sector plays an active role in implementation of mechanisms concerning the mitigation of climate change. In spite of that, the corporate actors play a limited direct role in international arenas when it comes to negotiating the design of climate and energy regime. The climate and energy governance in the United Nations system remains mostly state-centric, but the active participation of corporate actors in negotiation of climate and energy regimes is essential to increase the effectiveness of their governance. Business (...) is not just a subject of a regulatory climate and energy imposed by the state; rather, business is an intrinsic part of the fabric of climate and energy governance, as “rule-maker,” particularly in the many voluntary regimes. However, the architecture in place should guarantee that the private sector does not highjack the decisions and its positions are balanced by other non-governmental actors in the process. This article analyzes the role that the private sector can play in the global climate and energy governance. The private sector does not only play a “rule taker” role in the climate change and energy regime. Indeed, they are not passive observers as they influence through indirect means. The results suggest that the private sector is able to play a key role in global climate and energy governance based on the principle of multi-stakeholder participation in global decision-making, but the architecture should be able to balance the goods and bads of private direct influence in international regimes. (shrink)

Este livro procura orientar o leitor em geral e os interessados em educação em particular, no estudo e na recuperação do Tratado de Pirkei Avot - Ética dos Pais, que integra o Talmud, à luz das modernas teorias da educação, permite o resgate de noções fundamentais relacionadas, principalmente, a atitudes e comportamentos do mestre e do aprendiz. Tais atitudes implicam uma relação horizontal e dialógica entre ambos e o constante intercâmbio de seus repertórios, condições imprescindíveis para a aquisição do conhecimento.

The purpose of this paper is to view Kant's approach to education in the broader context of Kant's philosophy of culture and history as a process whose direction should be reflectively assumed by human freedom, in the light of man's moral vocation. In this context, some characteristic tensions of his enlightened approach to education appear. Thus, while Kant takes the educational process to be a radically moral enterprise all the way through—and hence, placed in a relational context—he also aspires to (...) constitute education as a science, to be improved through experiments, thereby paving the way for a systemic approach to education; in spite of its moral inspiration, his systemic approach not only could enter into conflict with the moral demand of taking each individual subject as an end, but is also marked by an intrinsic paradox, already involved in the ambiguity of the term ‘humanity’, which might mean a) humanity as a moral disposition present in each individual human being or b) humanity as a whole, as the ‘human species’. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é colocar em evidência algumas disputas em torno da identidade da educação infantil, explorando como tema central os processos de construção e implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para a primeira etapa da educação básica. Para contextualizar nossa argumentação, colocamos a Base em diálogo com outras mudanças no campo das políticas educacionais, que incidem sobre a organização curricular, tais como o Documento Referência para o Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica, a Política Nacional de Alfabetização e (...) a Base Nacional Comum para Formação de Professores da Educação Básica, orientações ou normativas que visam produzir definições curriculares, com desdobramentos para a educação das crianças da creche e/ou da pré-escola. A metodologia contemplou revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, incluindo os documentos orientadores para as políticas elaborados pelo Ministério da Educação e o ordenamento legal recente do país. A revisão da literatura aponta no sentido de que grupos de interesse mercantil transnacionais ganham cada vez mais espaço na formulação de políticas educacionais no Brasil, juntamente com outros coletivos ligados a matrizes neoconservadoras e anticientíficas. As repercussões para a organização da oferta de educação infantil são analisadas a partir de estudos que tematizam as especificidades curriculares da educação de crianças de até seis anos, questionando o uso de modelos padronizados de educação, propostas uniformizadas para a formação de docentes e a realização de avaliações em larga escala. Dada à exigência legal de implementação da Base, argumentamos sobre a importância dos movimentos de leitura desse documento a serem realizados nos espaços voltados à formação continuada em serviço no nível local. Essa seria uma condição para efetivar a construção e vivência de currículos mais contextualizados, pensados a partir do documento nacional, mas avançando para além desse, no sentido de garantir um protagonismo das equipes profissionais e colocar crianças concretas no centro do processo de planejamento, promovendo práticas cotidianas em maior consonância com os direitos de aprendizagem e de desenvolvimento, em diálogo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil. Palavras-chave : Educação Infantil. Base. Política Curricular. Formação Continuada. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como foco a filosofia de Schopenhauer em comparação com a proposta salvífica do cristianismo. Os grandes filósofos metafísicos que precederam Schopenhauer identificaram o objetivo maior do espírito com a realização de sua plenitude. Esta é indicada, paralelamente, no campo religioso, a partir da aproximação do homem com Deus. A novidade que este texto pretende apontar é que, diferentemente da tradição filosófica e religiosa do Ocidente, Schopenhauer realizou em sua metafísica um caminho para o espírito humano no qual (...) a sua “libertação” não coincide com a plenitude do espírito. Para este filósofo a libertação é atingida a partir de uma ascese radical, na medida em que propõe a mortificação/ aniquilação do ser como um todo. É um caminho que passa pela busca da nulidade da Vontade, visando sua suprema aniquilação. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa os conceitos de sexualidade e gênero na contemporaneidade. Procura-se identificar as produções bibliográficas recentes em vários campos de conhecimento e seus limites e avanços epistemológicos para entender outras relações sociais e os novos contextos diaspóricos na produção de sexualidades, raça, gênero, afetividade e corpo na pós-colonialidade.

This article explores one aspect of Kant's crucial contribution to the philosophy of culture. It does so by analysing two different approaches to the notion of culture, which are explicit in his work. The first, which may be called "genetical", presents culture almost as a result of a natural dialectic. The second, which I call "practical", regards culture as a task for the human being.

Firstly, this paper aims to analyze how verbal and visual modes contribute to build two basic components of cartoons: the referenced situation and the fictional situation. Secondly, it aims to unravel the semiotics of this discursive genre by offering a fine-grained picture of modal variations and continuities of the rhetorical resources deployed, by means of which the fictional situation is displayed. The corpus is composed of 50 multimodal cartoons chosen by cartoonists of 22 nationalities as the most representative of their (...) work in the frame of a wide questionnaire. Category analysis and non-parametric statistics were applied. We identified and fleshed out four different types of modal functioning of resources: visual preference, verbal preference, modal flexibility, and genuine multimodal functioning. Even if visual and multimodal metaphor were often in charge of transferring meaning from fiction to the referenced situation, results show that other resources such as antithesis, irony, and syllepsis can become the key resources of cartoons. Findings highlight the multilayered functioning of cartoons, among which plastic features can play a significant role, and provide further evidence in favor of the hyperdetermination of humor hypothesis proposed by Attardo. (shrink)

The Greek text used was that of the English edition of Hugh G. Evelyn-White (HESIOD, 1914). The translations of the Theogony of Ana Lúcia Silveira Cerqueira and Maria Therezinha Áreas Lyra (HESÍODO, 1986) have been consulted for comparison, José Antonio Alves Torrano (HESÍODO, 1995), Hugh G. Evelyn-White (HESIOD, 1914) and José Marcos Mariani de Macedo (MACEDO, 2010). In addition, this translation was based on the translations of the Homeric Hymns, Edvanda Bonavina da Rosa et alia (2010), and Trajano Vieira’s (...) Odyssey (HOMERO, 2011). (shrink)

The subject of this paper is the debate between externalism and internalism about mental content presented by Tim Crane in Chapter 4 of his book Elements of Mind. Crane’s sympathies in this debate are with internalism. The paper attempts to show that Crane’s argumentation is not refuting the Twin Earth argument and externalism, and that in its basis it does not differ much from externalism itself Crane’s version of the argument for externalism features two key premises: (1) The content of (...) a thought determines what the thought is about/what it refers to (the Content Determines Reference Principle); and (2) Twins are referring to different things when they use the word “water”. From these, in a few simple steps, Crane’s externalist infers: Therefore, their thoughts are not “in their heads”. Crane suggests denying the Content Determines Reference Principle in the light of indexical thoughts. In the first stage, Crane reduces “content” to “some aspect of content”, although he needs all aspects of content to secure identity of thoughts. However, his view then comes close to something acceptable to externalists. In the second stage, Crane makes content relative to context, but then reference still determines content. (shrink)

El discurso primordialista sobre el origen de las identidades sociales etno-nacionales sigue latiendo en algunos enfoques históricos, antropológicos, políticos y jurídicos de las sociedades modernas, camuflado en otras formas iusnaturalistas y biologicistas de concebir los atributos culturales, étnicos, religiosos, conductuales, e incluso económicos de los pueblos. Este artículo pretende presentar, por el contrario, la construcción de las identidades nacionales desde el punto de vista modernista y analizar su papel como discurso que pretende reforzar estructuras de poder, producidas porque tienen utilidad (...) estratégica para el logro de bienes materiales o políticos, formalmente en nombre del grupo, pero de hecho solamente con objeto de dar ventaja a los líderes o las élites. Cuando llevan aparejado un carácter político, las identidades nacionales, culturales y étnicas son susceptibles de provocar conflictos violentos, la naturalización de la violencia y la deshumanización de otros grupos tienen lugar a menudo cuando de conflictos etno-nacionalistas se trata. (shrink)

This article is an attempt to understand the historical origins of the conceptual distinction between "ethics" and "morals" -as we can find it, for instance, in Habermas. I show also how such a distinction works on the contemporary ethical discussion, not only framing the controversy between liberals and communitarians, but also limiting our possibilities to overcome that controversy.

Veberova teza da je kapitalisticki duh postojao pre samog kapitalistickog razvitka inspirisala je mnoge sociologe da istraze kulturno zaledje savremenih oblika kapitalizma. U ovom radu autorka razmatra i poredi tri takva pristupa. Prvi je pristup Lika Boltanskog i Ev Sijapelo koji proucavaju razvoj 'novog duha kapitalizma' tako sto se usredsredjuju na odnos dva makroaktera - kapitalizma i kritike; drugi je pristup Najdzela Trifta koji uspon 'mekog kapitalizma' dovodi u vezu sa jacanjem 'kulturnog kola kapitala'; i, na kraju, imamo pristup Ricarda (...) Seneta koji analizira kulturu 'novog kapitalizma' i radnu etiku 'mp3 organizacija'. (shrink)

“Social Justice in Terms of Capabilities and Recognition”. Axel Honneth’sTheory of Recognition is an attempt to create a widened vision of social justice.This theory interprets distributive problems as problems of recognition. Thepresent paper analyses, however, the laws of Honneth’s theory when addressingdistributive justice and claims that this theory can be complemented by theinformational basis proposed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s CapabilityApproach. Furthermore, it suggests how such approach can be enriched byHonneth’s Theory of Recognition and offers a theoretical strategy that (...) allows forboth models to work together in the assessment of justice. (shrink)

Estudo comparado sobre o tratamento dado à reprodução humana assistida no direito do Brasil, Estados Unidos, Portugal, Espanha e Itália.

Today, the world image is far more than a figurative element of a cosmology. Just like a medium, it determines the way we perceive the world as well as the knowledge we possess about it. Following Martin Heidegger, the article analyses the process of becoming of the world image from the early modernity to the present times. The parameters a scientific draft of the world image displays and its transformations regarding alternating media have a central meaning in this process. The (...) author follows the idea that scientific images, which are a crucial part of the world image, serve as a proof and at the same time a prophecy. This assumption is substantiated through an insight into practices of computer simulation in modern sciences. (shrink)

This article develops and defends motor human behaviour as the material object of study in the scientific scope which we are dealing with. Another question that this article exposes is the difference between profession and science. Profession is confined to five scopes of intervention and each one o..