Este artículo visibiliza la centralidad de la dimensión ética en la investigación sociológica. En la primera sección se analizan los antecedentes de las preocupación es éticas en la investigación social. Para ello, se rastrea la emergencia del campo de la bioética en Europa Occidental y Estados Unidos después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la creación de Códigos y Declaraciones Éticos y la institucionalización de mecanismos regulatorios del quehacer investigativo por medio de la creación de Comités Éticos en organizaciones de distinto (...) tipo. Luego, se identifican tres temas cruciales en la literatura sobre ética e investigación social a nivel internacional: el consentimiento informado, el anonimato y la confidencialidad. Finalmente, se examina cómo algunas organizaciones científicas y profesionales argentinas re-localizan estas problemáticas centrales. Este artículo argumenta que existe un marginal aunque creciente interés en torno a las consideraciones éticas en Argentina. Sin embargo, este interés parece más producto de la incorporación de códigos y lineamientos internacionales que el resultado de una reflexión colectiva (al menos en el caso de los sociólogos) en torno a los dilemas éticos que éstos deben enfrentar cotidianamente en su ejercicio profesional. (shrink)

La idea de que el cuerpo (σῶμα) es una tumba (σῆμα) donde el alma permanece encerrada cumpliendo un castigo por una antigua culpa es transmitida por Platón, quien la atribuye a los órficos. Filón de Alejandría utilizó en diversos pasajes de su obra esta metáfora de procedencia órfica. Nuestro interés consiste en analizar el sentido que Filón le asigna y el modo en que reelabora el significado que le fue asignado en la tradición órfica y en la interpretación platónica. Intentaremos (...) mostrar que Filón utiliza la metáfora de dos maneras distintas que manifiestan la fuerte ambivalencia existente en su pensamiento respecto de la valoración del cuerpo humano. The idea that the body (σῶμα) is a tomb (σῆμα) where the soul remains confined as a punishment for an ancient fault is transmitted by Plato, who attributes it to the orphics. Philo of Alexandria made use of this metaphor of orphic origin in various passages of his work. Our interest is to analyze the sense that Philo assigns to it and the way in which he reelaborates the meaning that was ascribed to it in orphic tradition and in the platonic interpretation. We will try to demonstrate that Philo uses the metaphor in two different ways that show the strong ambivalence existing in his thought with respect to the value of the human body. (shrink)

Philosophy of science has undergone a naturalistic turn, moving away from traditional idealized concerns with the logical structure of scientific theories and toward focusing on real-world scientific practice, especially in domains such as modeling and experimentation. As part of this shift, recent work has explored how the project of philosophically understanding science as a natural phenomenon can be enriched by drawing from different fields and disciplines, including niche construction theory in evolutionary biology, on the one hand, and ecological and enactive (...) views in embodied cognitive science, on the other. But these insights have so far been explored in separation from each other, without clear indication of whether they can work together. Moreover, the focus on particular practices, however insightful, has tended to lack consideration of potential further implications for a naturalized understanding of science as a whole (i.e., above and beyond those particular practices). Motivated by these developments, here we sketch a broad-ranging view of science, scientific practice and scientific knowledge in terms of ecological-enactive co-construction. The view we propose situates science in the biological, evolutionary context of human embodied cognitive activity aimed at addressing the demands of life. This motivates reframing theory as practice, and reconceptualizing scientific knowledge in ecological terms, as relational and world-involving. Our view also brings to the forefront of attention the fundamental link between ideas about the nature of mind, of science and of nature itself, which we explore by outlining how our proposal differs from more conservative, and narrower, conceptions of “cognitive niche construction.”. (shrink)

Este artículo compara las secuencias compositivas de la Antígona del escritor Jean Anouilh en relación con la pieza homónima de Sófocles. Se analizan las confluencias y los aspectos divergentes entre los personajes protagónicos y secundarios de ambas creaciones y se menciona la función del coro. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones, y se subraya el tono fundamentalista que el personaje de Creón adquiere en el final de la obra. This article compares the compositional sequences of the Jean Anouilh's Antigone in relation (...) with the homonym Sophoclean play. Convergences and divergent aspects between the protagonists and secondary characters of both plays are analyzed and also the role of the Chorus is mentioned. Finally conclusions are presented, highlighting the fundamentalist tone which Creon acquires at the end of the play. (shrink)

Diese Geschichte des Historismus ist eine Geschichte der Moderne. Sie handelt von der Entstehung des modernen Zeitregimes im Zeitalter der Französischen Revolution und von der Entwicklung des modernen Konzepts von Geschichte bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Texte und Textverfahren von Johann Gottfried Herder und Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bis Wilhelm Raabe und Ricarda Huch. Sie zeigen, dass der Historismus das historische Bewusstsein und die geschichtskulturelle Praxis im langen 19. Jahrhundert dominant konfiguriert.

Aggression, violence, and cruelty are symptoms of psychiatric illness. They reflect abnormalities in the regulation of the stress and emotion circuitries. The functioning of these circuitries depends upon the interaction between genetics and environment. Abuse and neglect during infancy, as well as maternal stress and poor quality of maternal care, are some of the causes that produce these types of abnormal behavior. Research on the neurobiological bases of emotion regulation will allow the detection of the population at risk.

la82 12.00 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Quando o pensamento se volta para a subjetividade, a linguagem está ausente. E quando a linguagem é questáo, a subjetividade fica de fora, como mostrou Foucault em As Palavras e as Coisas . Seráo elas mutuamente excludentes? Desde fins (...) do século XIX a linguagem tem sido abordada pela lógica, pela lingüística, pela filosofia analítica. Pensar só é possível se houver uma estrutura semântica, segundo Frege e Wittgenstein. Dá-se a virada lingüística. Porém esse modelo náo dá conta da fala, do contexto, limita-se à sentença proposicional. Após a virada pragmática, subjetividade e linguagem se relacionam num outro nível, a questáo passa a ser a intersubjetividade, e nesse sentido, sujeito e linguagem náo se excluem. É o que se pode depreender da concepçáo de jogos de linguagem de Wittgenstein, de racionalidade comunicativa de Habermas e de crítica à representaçáo de Rorty, através de suas respectivas noções de formas de vida, entendimento comunicativo e uso de discursos. O sujeito é constituído pela açáo e pela fala. (shrink)

La biotecnología de edición genética pone a disposición de la humanidad la posibilidad de intervenir en la línea germinal. Este trabajo indaga sobre los fines de la intervención, los compromisos y la responsabilidad en su aplicación. Complementaria a la tarea ética precede la jurídica, como expresión de los valores sociales y, por ende, resulta necesaria una revisión teórica sobre las normativas internacionales, comunitarias y nacionales. Por último, se examina la magnitud del potencial efecto que puede tener en la humanidad, en (...) su dimensión colectiva, pero sin olvidar la dimensión individual, es decir, los sujetos directamente afectados en la intervención. (shrink)

La relación de la matemática con la realidad es una cuestión que ha interesado desde siempre a los matemáticos y a los profesores de matemáticas, unas veces se establece esta relación desde la historia, otras para motivar a los alumnos (y responder a la famosa cuestión "para qué sirven las matemáticas") o para situar la construcción de conceptos matemáticos y sus significado en experiencias concretas y en conexión con otras disciplinas y, otras veces, a través de los estudios internacionales comparativos (...) de evaluación. (shrink)

In September 2018, a controversial judicial sentence concerning sexual violence caused a public outcry in Portugal. The court decision invoked the alleged environment of mutual seduction, the use of much alcohol consumption, and the lack of serious injuries to justify the suspended penalty. Stemming from the idea that understandings of what journalism is and what it should be are profoundly ideological and that notions of what it means to be and to behave like a woman and as a man have (...) been developed based on shifting realities within generalised patriarchal structures, this article intends to critically analyse the news media coverage of the controversial judicial sentence on this rape case in Portugal exploring the implications objective-based journalism entails for gender equality. As such, it will identify the shortcomings of objectivity and its leeway when covering sexual violence exploring how objective-based journalism provides room to negotiate practices, norms, identities, and meanings concerning sexual violence, particularly rape and rape myths, and questioning whether a margin of maneuvre is enough to deconstruct patriarchal assumptions of feminity, masculinity and sexuality. (shrink)

En estos últimos años es reconocida la influencia de la dimensión emocional en el desarrollo del aprendizaje en el aula. Sin embargo, parece necesario un mayor desarrollo de los descriptores básicos: actitudes, emociones, creencias y valores en disciplinas concretas. El artículo aborda el tema de los valores y actitudes de las Matemáticas y de forma específica el valor de la belleza. Se argumenta sobre la importancia del juicio estético como una componente importante en el buen resolutor de problemas, explicitando sus (...) implicaciones para la educación matemática de los estudiantes. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone estudiar las características de los paralogismos de composición y división (Retórica II 24.II, 1401a), de la consecuencia (Retórica II 24.VI, 1401b20-30) y de la causa aparente (Retórica II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), de modo de analizar si Eurípides los utiliza en el agón de Andrómaca de los versos 577 a 746 This paper intends to study the characteristics of paralogisms due to composition and division (Rhetoric II 24.II, 1401a), due to consequent (Rhetoric II 24.VI, 1401b20-30), and due to (...) false cause (Rhetoric II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), in order to analyze if Euripides uses them in the agon in Andromache (577-746). (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone estudiar las características de los paralogismos de composición y división (Retórica II 24.II, 1401a), de la consecuencia (Retórica II 24.VI, 1401b20-30) y de la causa aparente (Retórica II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), de modo de analizar si Eurípides los utiliza en el agón de Andrómaca de los versos 577 a 746 This paper intends to study the characteristics of paralogisms due to composition and division (Rhetoric II 24.II, 1401a), due to consequent (Rhetoric II 24.VI, 1401b20-30), and due to (...) false cause (Rhetoric II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), in order to analyze if Euripides uses them in the agon in Andromache (577-746). (shrink)

Diante de uma crise sanitária mundial, a pandemia do COVID-19, iniciada em 2020, fez com a humanidade se reorganizasse, entrando em uma nova era. Os órgãos de saúde competentes, juntamente com as nações, expuseram suas preocupações, editando decretos e normativas a serem seguidas, com medidas rigorosas de isolamento social. E a Educação foi uma das áreas mais afetadas, por ser um dos pilares mais importante na sociedade moderna. A rotina que antes era totalmente presencial, passou a ser a distância, novas (...) ferramentas foram ganhando palco, as tecnologias entraram em cena, as mídias sociais passam a ser recursos, estratégias para novas abordagens, metodologias passaram a ser repensadas, reorganizadas, para oferecer uma educação de qualidade, mesmo em tempos de crise. E partindo dessa ideia, o presente trabalho visa discutir e compreender se toda essa mudança, essa troca de cenário de forma abrupta, e as estratégias conseguiram alcançar os objetivos propostos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A análise ocorreu em uma escola pública municipal da região norte de Cuiabá- MT, no período letivo de 2020 e 2021, sendo observadas o curso das disciplinas Arte e Educação Física, com um público de alunos variados, da pré-escola ao 3° ano do Ensino Fundamental I. (shrink)

Von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart partizipiert die Antigone an disparaten Denkmodellen geschlechtlicher, verwandtschaftlicher und ethisch-moralischer Konzepte. Aus literatur-und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive betrachtet, lassen sich die Konstruktionen dieser Konzepte kritisch hinterfragen. Ines Böker untersucht die Entstehungsmöglichkeiten, Wandlungsprozesse und (kritischen) Implikationen von Antigone-Transformationen in dem Spannungsfeld der vielschichtigen theoretischen und literarischen Rezeptionsgeschichte. Trotz unterschiedlicher Positionen enthüllen die Untersuchungen der Antigone-Transformationen das, was die Antigone selbst aktiv gestaltet: Die Ethik der Widersetzlichkeit.

In recent years, the advancements made in the field of neuroscience have been echoed in criminal law, reigniting the discussion on culpability from the viewpoint of if it actually exists, considering the echoes of determinism on the re-found non-existence of free will. This discussion has triggered, once again, the issue of the boundaries and inter-relations between law and science, namely on whether normative or legal concepts and categories should acknowledge scientific breakthroughs. Bringing forth the theme of the limits of the (...) law, this discussion is able to provide insight, with reference to a specific problem, as to whether there are plausible legal answers in the context of the ascription of liability if the subject of law ceases to be a responsible—and thus free—person. Taking into consideration evolution both of science and criminal law dogmatic, we aim to argue that in the particular case of culpability, the desired autonomy of law has its limitations, and that without such limitations the ascription of liability would not have a correct answer. For this argument we will firstly approach the meaning of culpability as a milestone of subjective responsibility in criminal law, so that we can then analyse some arguments made regarding the impact of neuroscience on the maintenance of a concept of culpability with the meaning given above, so that lastly we can proceed to the rebuttal of the overarching impact of science on the law and advocate the autonomy of culpability within the necessary limits imposed by the needs of a plausible legal answer. (shrink)

This article explores the afterlives of the photographic production by Ruy Duarte de Carvalho (1941-2010), a Portuguese-born Angolan anthropologist who amidst the country's long-lasting civil war (1975-2002) engaged with the Ovakuvale trans-humant shepherds dwelling in the semi-arid region of southern Angola. Through the 1990s, Carvalho used analogue photographic cameras to document his field-work among the Ovakuvale, and afterwards engaged in various experiments with the medium for ethnographic purposes. Departing from the current assemblage of Carvalho's personal archive that remains after he (...) passed away, I explore distinct photographic relations connected to public usages of his Ovakuvale images during his lifetime, to discuss the ways in which he articulated them through diverse expressive modes and ventures - such as watercolours, illustrated publications, temporary exhibitions and a theatre play. Offering the opportunity to surrender to a broad experimental practice that makes his overall Ovakuvale ethnography particularly revealing, I project through the current archival assemblage a comparative approach to the rationales guiding the presentation of his Ovakuvale field images, to discuss salient temporal relationships between his method to produce and later reuse these images in postcolonial times. (shrink)

Os princípios emancipatórios da filosofia de educação atual, enquadrados no paradigma da complexidade e de educação ao longo da vida, incitou-nos a escrever este documento. O foco será a compreensão da vinculação a um paradigma e das suas consequências teóricas e metodológicas, demonstrando especificamente como tal se concretiza na investigação-ação enquadrada no paradigma da complexidade, teorizando em educação não formal e intervenção comunitária. Procuramos, assim, tecer um enquadramento que mostre como a investigação-ação e métodos associados se coadunam neste tipo de (...) pesquisa e intervenção em filosofia de educação não formal. (shrink)

En el marco del Paradigma Emergente de la Complejidad, la educación cobra un nuevo significado. Emerge la necesidad de postular nuevas visiones acerca del fenómeno educativo que trasciendan la concepción disciplinar. Ir a la búsqueda de una práctica educativa más sensible, exhaustiva, cuyo eje sea enseñar a investigar, integradora de las ciencias sociales con las humanísticas, fomentadora de un conocimiento autónomo, formadora de ciudadanos provistos de los instrumentos que les permitan interaccionar con el entorno de una manera creativa como constructores (...) de saberes. Reflexionar sobre la educación como camino y como arte, repensar la educación desde y para la Complejidad, se transforman en tareas urgentes para los educadores del Siglo XXI. (shrink)