Dialectic IV convenes contributions with new takes on the long held proposition that architects are providers of design services. They service everyone from the status quo all the way to the subaltern. We know well how architects have historically fashioned themselves to be able to procure the most valued building commissions a people have to offer. There are temples, churches, and shrines, palaces and private villas, and surely monuments, state institutions, and corporate headquarters. But how have the members of the (...) same profession managed to fashion themselves as the custodians of the public good? (shrink)

Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 56, Issue 3, Page 450-466, June 2022.

Originally published in 1974 by Houghton Mifflin, this volume clarifies some of the relationships between vocational guidance and its changing contexts. It also reinforces the emerging role of vocational guidance in human development across national boundaries.

Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 56, Issue 3, Page 467-478, June 2022.

The rural general, work, polytechnic school holds a prominent place in the life of the modern socialist village. As one of the sources from which collective and state farms get trained personnel, equipment operators, for example, the rural school is meant to train a comprehensively developed younger generation capable of creatively applying to its work the latest achievements of science, engineering, and progressive technology and of presenting models of a communist attitude toward work.

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of vocational and technical Anatolian high school students for guidance. A mixed research methodology is employed in this descriptive study. With the guidance needs analysis survey, quantitative data was collected about the needs of students for guidance from a total of 2228 participants including 1437 students, 304 teachers and 487 parents. The qualitative data in the research were collected from school counsellors employed in vocational and technical high schools, (...) from the heads of guidance services employed in guidance research centres, from psychological guidance and counselling specialists working in the Ministry of National Education, from psychological counsellors representing Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Association and those engaged by educational unions. The research revealed findings that the students need intensive guidance on topics such as identification of future career goals, learning effective studying methods, self-knowledge of interests and abilities, knowledge of professions and their basic requirements, focusing attention during lessons, protection from addiction, knowledge of developmental features of adolescence, university admission exams and opportunities for higher education. Furthermore, it was revealed that the guidance needs of the students were not met sufficiently, they needed services in all areas of personal-social, educational and career guidance, female students needed guidance services more than male students, and students felt more need of guidance services at higher grades. In line with the results of the study, further recommendations are presented to provide for the guidance needs of students. (shrink)

Although the language of vocation was born in a religious context, the contributors in this volume demonstrate that it has now taken root within the broad framework of higher education and has become intertwined with a wide range of concerns. This volume makes a compelling case for vocational reflection and discernment in undergraduate education today, arguing that it will encourage faculty and students alike to venture out of their narrow disciplinary specializations and to reflect on larger questions of meaning (...) and purpose. In conversation with a growing range of scholarly resources, these essays advance the cause of vocational reflection and discernment well beyond its occasional mention in general education courses and career placement offices. The book's thirteen contributors all work in higher education, but they do so as biologists and musicians, sociologists and engineers, doctors and lawyers, college presidents and deans, and scholars of history, literature, and business administration. Together, they demonstrate that vocation has an important role to play across the entire range of traditional academic disciplines and applied fields. Regardless of major, all undergraduates need to consider their current and future responsibilities, determine the stories they will live by, and discover resources for addressing the tensions that will inevitably arise among their multiple callings. Vocation across the Academy will help to reframe current debates about the purpose of higher education. It underscores the important role that colleges and universities can play in encouraging students to reflect more deeply on life's most persistent questions and to consider how they might best contribute to the common good. (shrink)

Vocational Education and Training policies are paying increasing attention towards the need to develop quality career guidance processes. Career guidance plays an essential role in this challenge by enabling people to develop the career management skills that allow them to become aware of their full potential and to construct life projects that facilitate the emotional management of uncertainty and complexity, participating as responsible agents in their environment. After conducting a literature review on each of these key elements, we set (...) out to identify best practices in VET as “building blocks” for the construction of an integrated career guidance plan in VET. This study adopts an approach based on qualitative methodology, specifically a documentary type of research has been carried out. The documents analysed correspond to 88 best practices identified in Andalusia. The analysis strategy used was a content analysis. For this purpose, a system of categories has been designed, from a deductive perspective, which has contributed to a systematic analysis of them. One of the first conclusions of the study is the uneven development o best practices in the different VET professional pathways. The practices carried out in the centres begin to incorporate different elements and thus facilitate the creation of a suitable context for the development of comprehensive career guidance plans in VET. The article closes by offering implications for the development of guidance in the education system and discusses lines of future research. (shrink)

This edited collection examines the intersections between career guidance, social justice and neo-liberalism. Contributors offer an original and global discussion of the role of career guidance in the struggle for social justice and evaluate the field from a diverse range of theoretical positions. Through a series of chapters that positions career guidance within a neoliberal context and presents theories to inform an emancipatory direction for the field, this book raises questions, offers resources and provides some glimpses of an alternative future (...) for work. Drawing on education, sociology, and political science, this book addresses the theoretical basis of career guidance's involvement in social justice as well as the methodological consequences in relation to career guidance research. (shrink)

Discussion of the philosophical principles underlying vocational training and vocational education in the USA - discusses the importance of philosophical concepts educational policy and training policy setting and evaluation; analyses principles relative to people (vocational guidance, work attitudes, etc.), to programme (curriculum development, etc.), and to processes (educational planning, educational research). References.

To clarify the relationship between higher vocational students’ liking of teachers and their learning engagement, based on the theory of social exchange, 1,279 vocational students in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in China are used as the research objects. From the perspective of students and teachers, SPSS and AMOS are used to conduct a two-stage linear regression analysis. The results show that students’ liking of their teachers has a positive effect on learning engagement; liking (...) positively affects students’ psychological empowerment; liking of teachers indirectly influences learning engagement through psychological empowerment; teacher’s support positively moderates the indirect relationship between liking of teachers and learning engagement through psychological empowerment. This study attempts to provide practical guidance for college students to provide learning engagement. (shrink)

Although architectural drawing tends to be thought of as either a technical necessity in relation to organizing the labor required to construct buildings or as though decorative, akin to alluring pictures in a gallery, its main task is anticipatory. Architectural drawings are prefigurative, or, as is argued in this chapter, ought to be. When the anticipatory illumination of architectural drawing is recuperated, the division of labor between architecture, as either brainwork or managerial, and building as physical exertion, is problematized. (...) Returning drawing in architecture to its prefigurative – anticipatory – vocation articulates a method for improving the results of the built environment: technically, emotionally, and artistically. (shrink)

This book critically examines the philosophy of the term 'transgression' and how it shapes the utopian vision of contemporary urban design scenarios. The aim of this book is to provide scholarly yet accessible graphic novel illustrations to inform narratives of urban manifestos. Through four select case studies from the UK, Cyprus and Germany, the book highlights the paradoxes and contradictions in architecture and provides detailed evaluation of the limits and contemporary forms of sustainable urban regeneration. The book proposes an (...) 'utopian urban vision' approach to social, political and cultural relations, trends and tensions both locally and globally, and seeks to inspire an awakening in architectural discourse. The book argues that the philosophical undermining of transgression is the result of a phenomenon from a different perspective -- its philosophical background, its social construction, its experimental research process and its design implications on the city. As such, the book provides a critical examination of how architectural design interventions contribute to sustainable urban regeneration, gentrification and can impact local communities. This book provides a significant contribution to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as early career researchers working in architecture, planning and sustainable urban design. It offers effective guidance on adopting the state-of-the-art graphical illustrations into their own design projects, while considering contradictions between architectural discourse and the philosophy of transgression. (shrink)

In this essay I offer practical guidance aimed at promoting competence and success in the activity of bioethics scholarship. I present a set of maxims or rules of thumb, which I exemplify and explicate by drawing on my own work, encompassing 30 years of practicing bioethics scholarship, formal and informal mentoring, extensive peer reviewing for bioethics, biomedical, and philosophy journals, and several years as Deputy Editor of Perspectives in Biology and Medicine—an interdisciplinary journal that frequently publishes bioethics articles. The title (...) of the essay is adapted from Max Weber’s famous lecture, “Science as a Vocation”.Bioethics scholarship generally takes two forms:... (shrink)

Intelligent Guided Learning System is a computer system that uses computers to imitate the experience and methods of teaching experts to assist in teaching; ITS provides learners with personalized learning resources and adaptive teaching methods, thus reducing students’ dependence on teachers and realizing independent learning. After years of research and development, and with the help of artificial intelligence technology, ITS has basically formed a stable structure and unified implementation specifications and has given birth to many excellent products in disciplines such (...) as basic computer, language, medicine, and mathematics. Based on the above background, this paper takes the system structure of universal ITS as the basis, combines the characteristics of music sight-singing subject in teaching contents and teaching methods, researches the intelligent guidance system model of music sight-singing, and completes the design of the overall system architecture. The specific strategies and implementation methods of the teaching methods, resource recommendation, and ability assessment components of the teaching model are studied. The research includes the definition of the difficulty characteristics of the score, the design of the score recommendation algorithm, the design of the sight-singing scoring algorithm, and the experimental analysis of each algorithm. It is proposed that the difficulty feature-based score recommendation algorithm is the core component of resource recommendation in the teacher model, and the sight-singing scoring algorithm is the basis for ability assessment and learner model update. (shrink)

The present study had two goals: to test the validity of Planned Happenstance Career Inventory in the Italian context and to explore the relations between PHC skills and vocational identity processes within a sample of 472 undergraduate students attending university in the southern of Italy. Moreover, we examined relations between the PHCI and measures of vocational identity processes. With regard to the first goal, results show that for the Italian version of the instrument was confirmed the multifactor structure (...) of the original version. The multi-group analyses showed that invariance between genders is supported. Convergent validity and divergent validity of the measure were reported. Concerning the second goal, the skills of planned happenstance show different associations with Vocational Identity Dimensions. As hypothesized, the exploration and commitment dimensions of vocational identity status are positive related to Planned Happenstance Skills. These findings suggest implications for career guidance and counseling. (shrink)

This work approaches views on the preservation of industrial housing heritage in Malaga, Spain, and the pressure caused by its recent urban renovation. The aims of the research include geographic space analysis and assessing how archaeological recording and archaeometry, specifically archaeometallurgy, can contribute to the preservation of information about structures and materials that continuously disappear from urban contexts. The results constitute an initial beginning to expand a comparative archaeological database for the city. The ideas and procedures presented here are expected (...) to provide some guidance for generating further research from urban, architectural, archaeological, and geographical perspectives. (shrink)

Auf dem Wege zu einer aufgabenzentrierten Professionstheorie pädagogischen Handeins I. Die Verberuflichung des Erziehens ist historisch weitgehend abgeschlossen. In den modemen Industrie-und Dienstleistungsgesellschaften hat sich ein eigenständiger Sektor der institutionalisierten Erziehung ausdifferenziert, der mittlerweile zu einem der größten Teilsysteme der Gesellschaft geworden ist und immer größere Gruppen der Bevölkerung durch alle Lebensphasen hindurch erfaßt. In diesem Sektor ist eine Vielzahl von Berufen entstanden, zu der die Kindergärtnerin, die Lehrerin, die Sozialpädagogin, die Erziehungsberaterin, die Erwachsenenbildnerin und bald auch die Gerontagogin rechnet. (...) Sie decken ein weites Spektrum von erzieherischen Tätigkeiten ab und sind - gemessen an der Ausbildungsart und -dauer -auf ganz unterschiedlichen Qualifikationsniveaus angesiedelt: von der Erzieherin mit Fach schulausbildung über Fachhochschulabsolventinnen z. B. der Sozialpädagogik, über Lehrer verschiedener Schulstufen mit akademischer oder universitärer Ausbildung bis zu Diplom-Pädagoginnen mit und ohne Promotion. Sie alle erziehen - sei es der Absicht nach, sei es beiläufig oder verschämt. Unerledigt ist die Frage der Professionalisierung des Erziehens. Die Formulie rung und die Institutionalisierung pädagogischer Berufsbilder und ihre Legitimation durch entsprechende Zertifikate stellen keine Garantie für Professionalität dar. Dies gilt jedenfalls dann, wenn unter Professionalisierung nicht nur der historische Prozeß gemeint ist, in dem sich eine Gruppe von Berufen etablieren konnte, sondern auch die Ausbildung einer spezifischen Handlungskompetenz, die von der Struktur der professionellen Handlung erfordert wird. (shrink)

Offers career guidance to Ph.D. degree holders, addressing such issues as publishing, interviews, CVs, cultivating references, avoiding career path mistakes, and transitioning to non-academic work.

Des collégiens lisaient le contenu d'une brochure ou d'un cédérom afin de répondre à des questions relatives aux caractéristiques de trois professions et devaient ensuite rappeler les informations correspondant aux réponses à ces questions ainsi que des informations proches de ces informations dans le texte. Une moitié des informations à rappeler était signalée par la mise en gras. Les résultats montrent des mécanismes de traitement analogues dans la brochure et le cédérom. Les résultats mettent aussi en évidence deux modalités différentes (...) de traitement de la signalisation des informations. Une modalité est relative à la signalisation perceptive périphérique - la mise en gras des informations -; l'autre modalité concerne le questionnement, c'est-à-dire les questions posées. La modalité relative au questionnement conduit à un meilleur rappel final des informations.The effects of two types of text presentation are studied in a experimental situation similar to vocational guidance. Two groups of junior- high school students with computing skills were examined. The first group received the text in a booklet and the second recieved the text on a CD-ROM. Two tasks were given: a research task examining the selection process and then a memory task examining the integration process. Moreover we measured the influence of typographical cues and the instructional system on these two tasks. As far as the information presentation is concerned, the results show that it did not affect the process of selection and the integration of the information. For the text cues, in both groups , the cueing was found to have an effect on the selection process but not in the integration process of the researched information. Researched information can be recalled more easily than information that is only read but the beneficial effect of typographical cues does not add to the beneficial effect of researched information. We propose future research on the effectiveness of different types of cues in function of differences on domain and computing systems expertises. (shrink)

David Hansen and The Call to Teach takes stock of the far-reaching impact of Hansen's teaching and scholarship. The essays in this volume explore the influence Hansen's work has had on our understanding of a whole host of important themes, including the moral dimensions of teaching, educational research, teacher education, and the philosophy of education.

El artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación dirigido a la orientación profesional. Su objetivo consistió en proponer un modelo de formación de actitudes profesionales pedagógicas de los docentes de la Educación Superior cubana. El modelo incluyó tres subsistemas: proyección, contextualización y problematización actitudinal pedagógica. De igual forma se definieron los conceptos situación educativa, ayuda profesional y actitudes pedagógicas, los que distinguen el modelo propuesto del enfoque tradicionalmente asumido en la formación de actitudes. Dentro de las actitudes profesionales descritas (...) se encuentran la interdisciplinaria, la colaborativa y la de visión personal profesional. Se describió cómo deben trabajar los colectivos de carreras y de años para influir positivamente en la formación integral de la personalidad de los estudiantes y en particular en la formación de actitudes. The article is part of a research project aimed at vocational guidance. Its objective was to propose a training model of pedagogical professional attitudes for Cuban Higher Education teachers. The model included three subsystems: projection, contextualization and pedagogical attitude problems. Concepts like educational situation, professional help and educational attitudes were defined; they distinguish the model from the approach traditionally assumed in the formation of attitudes. The professional attitudes described include the interdisciplinary, the collaborative and professional personal vision. It was described how collectives should work to positively influence students formation of personality particularly, the formation of attitudes. (shrink)

One of the chief branches of Industrial Psychology is Vocational Guidance. This attempts to discover the capacities required for different types of work and to guide young people into occupations for which their endowments fit them. Investigations have been made to determine vocational fitness in a variety of occupations; for instance, in many engineering processes, in printing, in telegraphic and telephonic work, and in clerical occupations. The article which follows gives a practical illustration of some of the methods (...) used in ovcational investigations. (shrink)

This timely book provides a critical look at the profession's rise and subsequent fall.

This article analyses the dynamics of the use of institutional categories in institutional encounters. The focus is on documenting how categories are invoked to index what is relevant to situated knowing in interactional sequences where there is a need to bridge the gap between action and expectation. This general problem has been studied in the context of interactions between job applicants and vocational guidance officers in a public employment agency. Institutional categories are inference-rich, and they work as flexible tools (...) that allow participants to recontextualize and negotiate the issues at stake. In this sense, categories serve as constitutive tools that can be crafted to fit into a broad range of circumstances. However, in order to produce a relevant account, participants’ ways of reasoning need to fit into the institutionally specific traditions of argumentation and the practical outcomes which need to be produced. In this sense, the focus on accounting practices is illuminating when attempting to understand the situated knowing that maintains institutional practices. (shrink)

Cet article traite de l'activité complexe de raisonnement quand les gens, au sens ethnométhodologique du terme, « fabriquent » la société et les institutions sociales. Traditionnellement, l'étude du raisonnementet de la connaissance humaine a reposé sur des hypothèses qui sont en désaccord avec la prise en compte de la nature socioculturelle et sociocognitive des activités collectives. Notre raisonnement dans ses grandes lignes est que une analyse de l'usage in situ de catégories institutionnelles révèlent des liens intimes entre la pensée, la (...) communication et des outils matériels. Les artéfacts physiques constituent des externalisations de la connaissance; nous nous reportons sur des objets des représentations avec lesquelles nous agissons plus tard. Dans le dispositif utilisé ici pour mesurer, écrire et documenter les évènements et les activités, les catégories pour coder le monde apparaissent sous forme textuelle et sont utilisées comme procédés de construction de sens et de coordination de divers systèmes d'activité. La capacité des catégories à être des liens qui relient connaissance, communication et technologie est illustrée ici par des exemples empiriques de pratiques de conseil pour la recherche d'emploi dans une agence spécialisée.This article focuses on the complex activity of reasoning, when people - as the ethnomethodologists put it - "make" society and social institutions. Traditionally the study of human reasoning and cognition has been based on assumptions which are at odds with recognising the sociocultural and sociocognitive nature of collective activities. The outline of our argument is that an analysis of the in situ use of institutional categories, points to very close links between thinking, communication and material tools. Physical artefacts represent externalisations of human knowledge; we project representational signs onto objects and we later inter-act with those signs. In our systems used for measuring, writing, and documenting events and activities, categories for codifying the world appear in textual form, and they are used as sense making and co-ordinating devices in various activity systems. The capacity of categories as boundary objects that bridge cognition, communication, and technology is illustrated by empirical examples from vocational guidance practices at a public employment office. (shrink)

Precarious Others: Valuing Singularity -- Alienation and Exclusion: Appreciating Proximity -- Shamed and Shaming: Honouring Students -- Destitute and Dying: Preserving Dignity -- Fears and Frustrations: Acknowledging Desire -- Revitalizing Teaching as Vocation.

"Kapitał społeczny ludzi starych na przykładzie mieszkańców miasta Białystok" to książka oparta na analizach teoretycznych i empirycznych, która przedstawia problem diagnozowania i używania kapitału społecznego ludzi starych w procesach rozwoju lokalnego i regionalnego. Kwestia ta jest istotna ze względu na zagrożenia i wyzwania związane z procesem szybkiego starzenia się społeczeństwa polskiego na początku XXI wieku. Opracowanie stanowi próbę sformułowania odpowiedzi na pytania: jaki jest stan kapitału społecznego ludzi starych mieszkających w Białymstoku, jakim ulega przemianom i jakie jest jego zróżnicowanie? Ludzie (...) starzy są tu postrzegani jako kategoria społeczna, czyli zbiór osób podobnych do siebie pod względem społecznie istotnych cech (takich jak wiek, posiadane role społeczne i świadomość korzystania ze świadczeń społecznych), którzy są świadomi tego podobieństwa i swojej odrębności od innych. Przyjmuje się ponadto, iż osoby takie przekroczyły 60. rok życia. Zakłada się też, że w zasobach ludzkich skumulowany jest kapitał ludzki, społeczny i kulturowy. Kapitał społeczny jest tu ujmowany szeroko jako potencjał współdziałania osadzony w powiązaniach międzyludzkich i normach społecznych, który może przynosić korzyści osobom, grupom i społeczeństwom. W części teoretycznej przedstawiono informacje o starości jako etapie w życiu jednostki, wyjaśniono pojęcie ludzi starych, omówiono społeczne teorie starzenia się, historyczne czynniki oddziaływające na położenie kategorii społecznej ludzi starych, zmiany ich miejsca w społeczeństwie polskim w trakcie transformacji ustrojowej i na początku XXI wieku, możliwe konsekwencje wzrostu długości życia w warunkach demokracji i kapitalizmu oraz charakterystykę problemu starzenia się ludności Białegostoku jako miasta pogranicza. Zaprezentowano też różnorodne koncepcje kapitału społecznego, sfery jego oddziaływania na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy, jego stan w Polsce oraz wytyczne do strategicznego budowania jego zasobów. Przybliżono również wybrane informacje o aktywności ludzi starych w życiu publicznym, społecznym i gospodarczym jako kluczowych cechach ich kapitału społecznego. Porządkując różne stanowiska teoretyczne, wyniki badań i dane statystyczne, dążono do powiązania wielu rozproszonych źródeł w przekonaniu, iż jest to istotne w celu określenia i zagospodarowania zasobów kapitału społecznego seniorów, jak również niwelacji opóźnienia polskiej socjologii w zakresie badań nad ludźmi starymi. Pomimo, iż za podstawową perspektywę teoretyczną publikacji uznana została koncepcja kapitału P. Bourdieu, autor bierze również pod uwagę propozycje badawcze J.S. Colemana, R.D. Putnama, F. Fukuyamy, A. Giddensa, P. Sztompki i A. Sadowskiego. Drugi rozdział zawiera określenie ram metodologicznych badań przeprowadzonych na potrzeby tej publikacji. Omówiono przyjęte założenia badawcze oraz przybliżono sposób i przebieg realizacji badań. Przede wszystkim zdecydowano się na korzystanie z metody jakościowej i zastosowanie techniki wywiadu swobodnego ukierunkowanego. Uznano, iż podmiotowy kontakt z ludźmi starymi umożliwi dokładniejsze rozpoznanie kontekstu, w którym znajdują się zasoby ich kapitału społecznego. Jest to ważne, gdyż przenoszenie na rodzimy grunt opracowanych za granicą interpretacji działań ludzi starych i rozwiązań aktywizujących, może okazać się nieskuteczne lub wywołać negatywne efekty zewnętrzne. Ponadto w literaturze przedmiotu zwraca się uwagę na niedostatek badań gerontologicznych zgodnych z paradygmatem interpretatywnym. Badaniu poddano 26 respondentów w wieku od 60 do 89 lat żyjących w mieście Białystok związanych z jedną z dwóch różnych instytucji: Domem Pomocy Społecznej i Uniwersytetem Trzeciego Wieku. Poprzez porównywanie osób znajdujących się na dwóch biegunach aktywności społecznej możliwe było dostrzeżenie podobieństw i różnic w ich wyposażeniu kapitałowym, a zarazem w osiągniętych w ciągu życia pozycjach w strukturze klasowej i zasobach służących pomyślnej starości6. W trzecim rozdziale przedstawiona została część wyników analiz empirycznych. Przybliżono tu sposób, w jaki ludzie starzy myślą o podobnych sobie przodkach i osobach współczesnych, a także czynniki, w zależności od których zmienia się ich pozycja społeczna w mieście oraz problemy społeczne, jakie uznają za najważniejsze dla ludzi starych. Analizie poddano opinie o ich czasie wolnym, szansach i barierach aktywności ekonomicznej. Wyróżniono typy kapitału społecznego ludzi starych w zależności od instytucji, z którymi są związani oraz podejścia do postrzegania i wykorzystywania zróżnicowania wewnętrznego seniorów. Omówiono wizerunek seniorów w środkach masowego przekazu. Publikacja nie zawiera ścisłego zakończenia. W ostatnim rozdziale wskazano jedynie na główne wnioski płynące z badań oraz na potencjalne dalsze kierunki analiz. Uzupełnienie tego podejścia stanowią zamieszczone w aneksie zestawienia oddolnych technik budowania kapitału społecznego oraz podstawowych cech Miast Przyjaznych Starszemu Wiekowi. Z opracowania tego z pewnością będą mogli skorzystać nie tylko naukowcy zajmujący się tematyką ludzi starych, ale i pracownicy socjalni, politycy, pracodawcy, przedstawiciele mediów i organizacji pozarządowych oraz obywatele Białegostoku i innych miast. ** "Social Capital of Old People on the Example of Bialystok Residents" is a book based on theoretical and empirical study, which presents an issue of diagnosing and using of old people social capital in the local and regional development processes. This issue is significant because of the threats and challenges associated with process of rapid ageing of Polish society at the beginning of 21st century. Publication, in particular, is an attempt to give answers to the following questions: what is the state of old people social capital in Bialystok, what transformations it undergoes and how is it differentiated? In this study old people are viewed as a social category, which is a set of people similar to each other in terms of socially significant features (such as age, possessed social roles and awareness of received social benefits), who are aware of these similarities and differences between each other. Moreover, it is assumed, that such persons exceeded the 60 years of age. It is also assumed that human, social and cultural capital is accumulated in the human resources. Social capital is recognized here broadly as a potential for collaboration embedded in interpersonal relationships and social norms that may benefit individuals, groups and societies. The book consists of three chapters. The first, which is the theoretical part of work, includes information about: old age as a stage of individual life and explanation of the old people notion. It discusses social theories of ageing, historical factors affecting on the social position of old people category, changes in their place in Polish society during the system transformation and in the early 21st century. It describes the possible consequences of increased life expectancy for democracy and capitalism - including the concepts of society for all ages, silver economy. It also features ageing population issue, as well as social policy towards the elderly and old age in Bialystok as the borderland city. A variety of social capital concepts were presented; the spheres of its influence on socio-economic development, its status in Poland and guidelines for strategic building of its resources. Selected information on the activity of old people in public, social and economic life as key features of their social capital was brought closer. Putting various theoretical positions, results of research and statistical data in order was aimed to link many dispersed sources considering that it is relevant to identify and develop seniors' social capital resources, as well as leveling the delay of Polish sociology research on the elderly. Fundamental theoretical perspective of publication is the concept of capital according to P. Bourdieu. However, the proposals of J.S. Coleman, R.D. Putnam, F. Fukuyama, A. Giddens, P. Sztompka and A. Sadowski were also used. The second chapter contains a methodological framework for the purposes of study. Research assumptions, method and course of implementation of studies were discussed. The study is based on the qualitative method and the application of in-depth interview techniques. It was considered that the personal contact with old people will be more accurate than other research techniques to identify the context in which they social capital resources can be found. It is important because the transfer of developed abroad activating solutions and interpretations of old people actions may be ineffective or have negative external effects in the Polish context. Moreover, in the Polish science literature attention is paid to scarcity of gerontological research in accordance with the interpretive paradigm. Study involved 26 respondents aged 60 to 89 years living in Bialystok associated with one of two different institutions: nursing home for the elderly and University of the Third Age. By comparing the persons on two extremes of social activity it was possible to see similarities and differences in their capital equipment, and also in achievements of the life positions in the class structure and resources aimed at successful ageing. The third chapter presents the empirical analysis of the research results. This part outlines the way in which old people think about their ancestors and contemporary people. It also shows factors according to changes in their social position in the city, social issues which they consider most important for old people, their opinions about leisure time, opportunities and barriers of economic activity and types of old people social capital depending on the institution with which they are associated. Approach to the perception and use of internal disparities of seniors were also discussed. The analysis additionally contains the evaluation of senior citizens image in the polish mass media. This publication does not contain a strict ending. It only identifies the main conclusions of the research and potential directions of future analysis. Above all, older people could improve their position not by demanding increases in social benefits from which major parts are often taken away by their family members, but by highlighting their human, social and cultural capital. It is necessary to create favorable conditions for social and professional life of old people and their cooperation with members of local communities. Important role in this regard is played by institutions implementing three tasks: stimulating senior citizens' desire to satisfy previously unrealized needs; creating relationships between them so that they can solve their own problems and work for the others; and providing legal, social and vocational guidance. Stimulating cooperation between existing public, commercial and non-governmental sector organizations may serve to achieve these goals. The dissemination of bottom-up techniques of social capital building and checklist of essential features of Age-friendly Cities may also be important. -/- . (shrink)

Over the last decades, consistent research showed that voluntary work could be considered as a tool for professional development and concrete employment: volunteering could be either experienced as a desire to improve career opportunities or to acquire new skills. The study aimed to investigate voluntary work as a context of informal and non-formal workplace learning and vocational guidance, useful to develop skills and abilities, namely the capital of personal and social resources, that could promote future employability. Participants were 38 (...) young volunteers who experienced the Universal Civil Service, a national Italian program addressed to young people aged up to 28 years, giving them both the opportunity to engage in social activities useful for the community and have the first contact with a working context. In line with the objectives of the study, participants were invited to describe their volunteering experience in a diary, highlighting if and to what extent this context contributed to enhancing their employability capital, namely the asset of skills, knowledge, and networks acquired, that they could transfer to a future professional domain. The narrative data collected were examined through diatextual analysis, a specific address of discourse analysis designed to catch the relationship between enunciators, text, and context of the talk. This qualitative analysis allowed us to investigate the meanings young people attributed to these activities. In light of these results, the paper contributed to investigate volunteers’ perceptions about the conditions that could best foster this specific kind of workplace informal and non-formal learning and at proposing a qualitative perspective on the analysis of the employability capital they developed. (shrink)

CHAPTER ONE Education and teaching INTRODUCTION This book is about education and teaching and the way they are related when teaching is thought of as a ...

Platon, Descartes, Nietzsche... Lorsque l'on pense philosophie, ces grands noms nous viennent immédiatement à l'esprit. De fait, " la vraie méthode pour former la notion de philosophie, c'est de penser qu'il y eut des philosophes ", Socrate, la figure de proue faisant du philosophe un parangon de sagesse. Pour autant toutes et tous ne sont pas aussi sages... Tantôt métaphysiciens, tantôt férus de sciences, hommes de foi, penseurs engagés ou lettrés à la plume habile... les philosophes ont de multiples visages. (...) Ainsi, il n'y a pas qu'une seule manière d'être philosophe, comme il n'y a pas qu'une manière de le devenir, mais une véritable pluralité dont ce livre à douze voix se fait l'écho. (shrink)

The book Psychology industrial Efficiency by Hugo Munsterberg, which was published in 1913, is considered a classic in the field of Industrial Psychology. The book is organized into 3 main sections which concentrate on different areas of industrial productivity, particularly in environments where people work for others to create. The key areas covered include: Detecting Workers Suited to the Task: This section concentrates on locating individuals psychologically and mentally prepared for particular jobs. It reviews scientific vocational guidance and experimental (...) psychology in selecting the most appropriate individuals for various roles. Productive Conditions: The second part relates to creating productive working conditions which are optimum. The study investigates the adaptation of psychical and technical conditions, movement effectiveness, and the consequences of monotony, attention, exhaustion, social and physical factors on working power. Effectively Using Effort: The concluding chapter talks about the most efficient use of the efforts of workers. It contains research into economic demands, how advertisements impact individuals and buying and selling methods. (shrink)

Upon its recent publication in Portuguese, Paulo Freire’s newest book became an instant success. This English translation is sure to meet with similar acclaim. In Teachers as Cultural Workers, Freire speaks directly to teachers about the lessons learned from a lifetime of experience as an educator and social theorist. No other book so cogently explains the implications for classroom practice of Freire’s latest ideas and the pathbreaking theories found in Pedagogy of the Oppressed and other treatises.This book challenges all who (...) teach to reflect critically on the meaning of the act of teaching as well as the meaning of learning. Freire shows why a teacher’s success depends on a permanent commitment to learning and training, as part of an ongoing appraisal of classroom practice. By observing the curiosity of students and the manner through which students develop strategies for learning, the teacher is helped in discovering doubts, successes, and the teacher’s mistakes. When teachers open themselves to recognize the different roads students take in order to learn, they will become involved in a continual reconstruction of their own paths of curiosity, opening the doors to habits of learning that will benefit everyone in the classroom. (shrink)