As part of a (bio)colonial project, the biological information of Indigenous Peoples has historically been under scientific scrutiny, with very limited benefits for communities and donors. Negative past experiences have contributed to further exclude Indigenous communities from novel developments in the field of omics research. Over the past decade, new guidelines, reflections, and projects of genetic research with Indigenous Peoples have flourished in Australia, providing opportunities to move the field into a place of respect and ethical relationships. This review explores (...) the ethical and cultural implications of the use of biological samples from Indigenous communities in biomedical research. A structured framework outlining emerging topics of interest for the development of respectful omics research partnerships with Indigenous Australians is presented. This paper highlights aspects related to Indigenous governance, community and individual consent, respectful handling of biological samples, data management, and communication in order to protect Indigenous interests and rights and to promote communities’ autonomy. (shrink)

Tout : vague et imposant petit mot. Présent à tout bout de champ, dans tant d'expressions, de toute éternité et en toute modestie. Ce mot-là, ce n'est pas rien. Les articles qui suivent explorent les rapports de tout et de rien, et les valeurs que prend le tout à différentes époques : comment il est représenté – personnifié? – et comment il est présupposé dans la démarche même d'écriture. Car l'ambition de la littérature est peut-être bien de dire tout : (...) dire la totalité du monde, d'une société, d'une époque, dire le rapport – forcément spirituel? – au tout qui ne se laisse saisir, tout dire de soi, ou encore utiliser tous les mots du dictionnaire. Quelle que soit la forme ou le genre emprunté, de façon totalisante ou fragmentaire, l'œuvre littéraire se donne comme un tout en relation avec le tout. [Source : 4e de couv.]. (shrink)

Nursing models of care show promise in addressing the needs of older adults facing serious illness through supporting inner strength. However, previous conceptual and theoretical models of inner strength are limited. This concept analysis used dimensional analysis methods to explore inner strength in people ageing with serious illness to address limitations by defining a pragmatic, data‐driven model. This study analyzed published literature of adults with serious illness that describes inner strength. Thirty articles were selected after review. The result was an (...) explanatory matrix that describes inner strength from the perspective of where have I been, where am I going? within the context of being a person who is living and dies and you have a serious illness. The conditions spotlighting by actors around me and taking stock of others and ideas lead to processes of looking in/looking out and seeing me as I’m seen. The final consequence of this process is meeting me. This updated concept analysis of inner strength improves upon previous models by providing a clinically relevant situation‐specific model of inner strength for people with serious illness. Implications for nursing scholarship and practice are described including exploration of person‐centered care, relational practice, and health communication. (shrink)

The extent to which Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms operate in primates is debatable. Monkeys and apes are long-lived, usually gregarious, and intelligent animals reliant on learned behavior. Learning occurs during play, mother-infant interactions, and grooming. We address these situations, and are hesitant to accept Domjan et al.'s reliance on Pavlovian conditioning as a major operant in primates.

Over the past few years, Brianna Wiest has gained renown for her deeply moving, philosophical writing. This new compilation of her published work features pieces on why you should pursue purpose over passion, embrace negative thinking, see the wisdom in daily routine, and become aware of the cognitive biases that are creating the way you see your life. Some of these pieces have never been seen; others have been read by millions of people around the world. Regardless, each will (...) leave you thinking: This idea changed my life."--provided by publisher. (shrink)

Kate A. Manne is an associate professor at the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University, where she has been teaching since 2013. Before that, she was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows, did her graduate work at MIT, and was an undergraduate at the University of Melbourne, where she studied philosophy, logic, and computer science. Her current research is primarily in moral, feminist, and social philosophy. She is the author of two books, including her first book (...) Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny and her latest book Entitled: How Male Privilege Hurts Women. Manne has also published a number of scholarly papers about the foundations of morality, and she regularly writes opinion pieces, essays, and reviews in venues—including The New York Times, The Boston Review, the Huffington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education. (shrink)

Au Chant Premier du Paradis, Dante fait de la poésie un art de la subversion sinon de la transgression, en lui assignant la tâche de travailler la parole pour en contourner les limites : Outrepasser l’humain, c’est aller au-delà des limites du langage, prétendre aux formes angéliques de la communication. Les anges font une expérience heureuse de l’indicible et se comprennent en silence. C’est dans cet intervalle que la poésie doit se frayer son chemin et faire accéder l’impensable à l’expression, (...) dire l’indicible. Elle doit signifier par des mots (« significar per verba ») ce qui excède toute signification humaine. Nous retrouvons ici la théologie négative et son inventeur Denys l’Aréopagite : quand la théologie, confrontée à l’ineffable, aboutit au silence et à l’apophatisme, la poésie répond à l’appel pour assurer le passage de l’invisible à la figuration. Figuration également négative, qui fait exploser des images « bigarrées », faites de mots pour ainsi dire illisibles. En quoi la poésie a vocation à devenir non figurative. (shrink)

There is a modern movement to grow artificial meat in laboratories in order to counter the ills of industrial animal agriculture. This article investigates whether lab-grown meat constitutes animal liberation by critically examining its proposed ethical superiority over traditional meat. These considerations are balanced with reflections on the ethical unknowns and shortcomings of the use of technology to solve human-caused problems. We examine a range of meanings attributed to “animal liberation” and consider how various forms of violence are potentially left (...) unchallenged, with a particular focus on gender relations. (shrink)

Si, aujourd'hui, la démocratie fait, encore et toujours, question, peu d'oeuvres comparables à celles de Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997) et de Claude Lefort (1924-2010) permettent de circonscrire avec plus de profondeur et de radicalité ce questionnement. Sous les regards de la philosophie, de la sociologie, de l'histoire et de la science politique, cet ouvrage propose d'interroger le travail de réflexion entrepris par ces deux grandes figures de la philosophie politique contemporaine à la fois en commun, dans le cadre de Socialisme ou (...) Barbarie, puis de manière indépendante par la suite. Pour l'essentiel, le travail de Castoriadis et de Lefort aura principalement consisté à redonner sens à la notion de démocratie, que l'on ne doit pas entendre uniquement en tant que régime et institution politique, ou même en tant que réalité sociologique, mais bien plutôt en tant qu'expérience par laquelle les hommes s'emploient à transformer les conditions de leur existence commune. Si les convergences entre ces auteurs sont profondes, des différences se marquent aussi entre une pensée de la démocratie comme auto-institution explicite de la société et une conception de l'agir démocratique soucieuse de mettre avant tout l'accent sur le fait de la division sociale, et suggérant davantage de contester le pouvoir, en revendiquant contre lui des droits, qu'à chercher à en démocratiser l'exercice effectif Pour autant, l'un comme l'autre invitent à envisager la perspective de l'émancipation à la manière d'un processus conflictuel dont il est impossible de connaître le terme et qui n'a d'autre fondement que le désir de liberté. (shrink)

À Harvard durant l’année académique 1940-41, les philosophes-mathématiciens Quine, Tarski et Carnap débattaient de la possibilité d’établir une distinction entre les énoncés analytiques et synthétiques qui soit suffisamment mordante pour dégager un statut spécial à l’épistémologie. Quine et Tarski s’objectaient à la distinction et l’objection de Quine verra notamment le jour sous le titre fameux « Les deux dogmes de l’empirisme ». Carnap, dans son autobiographie intellectuelle, se souvient avoir alors craint : « are we now back to John Stuart (...) Mill? ». Carnap avait compris qu’une épistémologie antipsychologiste comme celle du Cercle de Vienne ne peut subsister sans la présence d’une distinction de principe entre des énoncés analytiques et synthétiques. Il avait compris qu’un rejet de la distinction signifiait, à court ou moyen terme, un retour à l’épistémologie comme « psychologie de la science » telle que la pratiquait Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill et Ernst Mach. (shrink)

The contrast between third- and first-personal accounts of the experiences of autistic persons has much to teach us about epistemic injustice and epistemic agency. This paper argues that bringing about greater epistemic justice for autistic people requires developing a relational account of epistemic agency. We begin by systematically identifying the many types of epistemic injustice autistic people face, specifically with regard to general assumptions regarding autistic people’s sociability or lack thereof, and by locating the source of these epistemic injustices in (...) neuronormativity and neurotypical ignorance. We then argue that this systematic identification pushes us to construe epistemic agency as resulting from a fundamentally relational and dynamic process between an individual, others around them, and their social, cultural, or institutional environment, rather than as a fixed and inherent property of individuals. Finally, we show how our relational account of epistemic agency allows us to introduce the novel concepts of epistemic disablement and epistemic enablement. We argue that these two concepts allow us to more accurately track the mechanisms that undermine or facilitate epistemic agency, and thereby to better understand how epistemic injustice arises and to design more effective interventions to foster greater epistemic justice for autistic people. (shrink)

It has been theoretically proposed that employees’ perceptions of their supervisor social power in the organization entail a potential to influence their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. However, no study has investigated such potential. This lack of research stems from the absence of a common understanding around the meaning of perceived supervisor social power and the absence of any validated measure. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to establish PSSP definition and to validate a five-item scale to measure this construct. (...) Three studies encompassing four independent samples of employees from three different countries and three different languages were conducted to assess the validity of PSSP. Results showed that responses to the PSSP scale presented excellent psychometric properties. Furthermore, the structure of the proposed five-item measure of PSSP was found to be invariant across four samples. Finally, PSSP nomological validity was assessed. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that PSSP was positively related to affective organizational commitment. All three studies showed that PSSP acted as a positive moderator of the relation between affective commitment to the supervisor and affective organizational commitment. Together, these studies support the psychometric soundness of the PSSP scale and presented the first evidence of its potential to influence followers. Implications of these findings for future research on supervisor social power are discussed. (shrink)

The Wigner–Weyl mapping of quantum operators to classical phase space functions preserves the algebra, when operator multiplication is mapped to the binary “*” operation. However, this isomorphism is destroyed under the quasiclassical substitution of * with conventional multiplication; consequently, an approximate mapping is required if algebraic relations are to be preserved. Such a mapping is uniquely determined by the fundamental relations of quantum mechanics, as is shown in this paper. The resultant quasiclassical approximation leads to an algebraic derivation of Thomas–Fermi (...) theory, and a new quantization rule which—unlike semiclassical quantization—is non-invariant under action transformations of the Hamiltonian, in the same qualitative manner as the true eigenvalues. The quasiclassical eigenvalues are shown to be significantly more accurate than the corresponding semiclassical values, for a variety of 1D and 2D systems. In addition, certain standard refinements of semiclassical theory are shown to be easily incorporated into the quasiclassical formalism. (shrink)

In this timely collection, the authors examine Indigenous peoples' negotiations with different cosmologies in a globalized world. Dussart and Poirier outline a sophisticated theory of change that accounts for the complexity of Indigenous peoples' engagement with Christianity and other cosmologies, their own colonial experiences, as well as their ongoing relationships to place and kin. Contributors to this volume offer fine-grained ethnographic studies that highlight the complex and pragmatic ways in which Indigenous peoples enact their cosmologies and articulate their identity (...) as forms of affirmation. This collection is a major contribution to the anthropology of religion, religious studies, and Indigenous studies worldwide. Contributors: Anne-Marie Colpron, Robert R. Crépeau, Françoise Dussart, Ingrid Hall, Laurent Jérôme, Frédéric Laugrand, James MacKenzie, Caroline Nepton Hotte, Ksenia Pimenova, Sylvie Poirier, Kathryn Rountree, Antonella Tassinari, Petronella Vaarzon-Morel. (shrink)