van der Pijl et al 1 argue that if ‘stakes are high’ and there is ‘clear conviction by the care provider’ that it is ‘necessary’, episiotomy may be given after ‘opt-out consent’. Here I caution against the applicability of their approach to vaginal examination (VE): another routine intervention in birth to which they suggest their discussion may apply. I highlight three concerns: first, the subjective and unjustified nature of assessments of ‘necessity’; second, the inadequacy of current consent practices in relation (...) to VE; and third, the significant risk of perpetuating under-recognised harms associated with unwanted or unconsented VE. I argue that opt-out consent cannot be ethically justified for VE. Its use would result in further weakening of consent practices, circumvention of individuals’ autonomy, and greater harm for women and birthing people. At the outset, it is important to recognise that the authors do not claim that their approach should be applied to VE, merely that their discussion may have relevance to consent for other interventions beyond episiotomy ‘where consent is also frequently lacking, and which are under-researched’, including VE.1 Nonetheless, it is easy to assume that episiotomy and VE are sufficiently similar that their analysis might be transferred wholesale. I disagree. There are similarities: both interventions are performed on ‘the most intimate and socially sensitive body parts’1; …. (shrink)

Three years before his death, Michel Foucault delivered a series of lectures at the Catholic University of Louvain that until recently remained almost unknown. These lectures—which focus on the role of avowal, or confession, in the determination of truth and justice—provide the missing link between Foucault’s early work on madness, delinquency, and sexuality and his later explorations of subjectivity in Greek and Roman antiquity. Ranging broadly from Homer to the twentieth century, Foucault traces the early use of truth-telling in ancient (...) Greece and follows it through to practices of self-examination in monastic times. By the nineteenth century, the avowal of wrongdoing was no longer sufficient to satisfy the call for justice; there remained the question of who the “criminal” was and what formative factors contributed to his wrong-doing. The call for psychiatric expertise marked the birth of the discipline of psychiatry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as well as its widespread recognition as the foundation of criminology and modern criminal justice. Published here for the first time, the 1981 lectures have been superbly translated by Stephen W. Sawyer and expertly edited and extensively annotated by Fabienne Brion and Bernard E. Harcourt. They are accompanied by two contemporaneous interviews with Foucault in which he elaborates on a number of the key themes. An essential companion to _Discipline and Punish_, _Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling_ will take its place as one of the most significant works of Foucault to appear in decades, and will be necessary reading for all those interested in his thought. (shrink)

As earlier research on Korsakoff syndrome (KS), a frequent neurological complication of alcohol-dependence (AD), mainly focused on cognition, affective impairments have been little investigated despite their crucial impact in AD. This article proposes new research avenues on this topic by combining two theoretical frameworks: (a) dual-process models, positing that addictions are due to an imbalance between underactivated reflective system and overactivated affective-automatic one; (b) continuity theory, postulating a gradual worsening of cognitive impairments from AD to KS. We suggest that this (...) joint perspective may renew the current knowledge by clarifying the affective-automatic deficits in KS and their interactions with reflective impairments, but also by offering a direct exploration of the continuity between AD and KS regarding reflective and affective-automatic abilities. (shrink)

Approaches to supporting autonomy in medicine need to be able to support complex and sensitive decision-making, incorporating reflection on the patient's values and goals. This should involve deliberation in partnership between physician and patient, allowing the patient to take responsibility for her decision. Nowhere is this truer than in decisions around pregnancy and Caesarean section where maternal autonomy can seem to directly conflict with foetal interests. Medical and societal expectations and norms such as the expectations of a ‘mother’, constraints of (...) making decisions in an emergency, and the role of technology in viewing the foetus as a separate patient and surgery as a guarantor of results can all act to limit a woman's autonomy. In considering decisions about Caesarean section, maternal interests in bodily integrity can be dismissed as being less important than the foetus's own interests and the mother's duties to it, despite the inherent risks and impacts of such a major surgical procedure... (shrink)

This essay aims to defend the need to help animals in any disaster situation, be it anthropogenic, natural, or hybrid. To this end, I will first establish a brief foundation of the antispeciesist principles that have been advocated by different theorists over the last decades. Then, I will describe the conflict between environmental and animal approaches as a problem for the consideration of animals in unfavorable situations. This will be followed by the ways in which animals can be harmed in (...) such contexts. After that, I will argue that many anthropogenic disasters affect animals, but they also deserve aid in the face of natural disasters: they are sentient beings and capable of suffering just like humans, to whom help is offered unconditionally in such cases. Finally, I will propose sentience, particularly suffering, and an ecofeminist and antispeciesist approach to address the situation of animals in disaster situations in a dialogic way between environmentalist and individual-centered positions. (shrink)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal exponer un problema de coherencia presente en las teorías que plantean que los todos mereológicos son prioritarios a las partes que lo componen. El argumento central consiste en mostrar que la dependencia de identidad que las partes tienen con los todos que componen —que define la prioridad ontológica del todo respecto a sus partes— implica un principio de identidad a partir del cual se puede establecer que los todos, a su vez, dependen para (...) su identidad de sus partes, por lo tanto las partes son ontológicamente prioritarias respecto al todo que componen. Así, la teoría colapsa en un círculo vicioso que atenta contra la noción misma de dependencia de identidad. Por esta razón, la teoría no puede sostener de manera coherente la tesis de que los todos son ontológicamente prioritarios a sus partes. (shrink)

María Egües (1917-2008) fue una investigadora y tecnóloga en el ámbito de los instrumentos ópticos; figura esencial para entender el desarrollo de la ingeniería óptica en las primeras décadas del franquismo. Partiendo de dos fotografías, hasta hace poco inéditas, que reflejan dos momentos cruciales de su vida profesional, este ensayo ofrece una reflexión sobre como una mujer como Egües se vio a sí misma en un tiempo en el que la mera presencia de una mujer en el sistema tecno-científico era, (...) en no pocas ocasiones, rechazada o ignorada. A partir del recurso metafórico de los periscopios submarinos, los cuales permiten ver sin ser vistos, aquella tecnóloga, cual submarino, pudo progresar en unas instituciones, el CSIC, la Universidad y el Ejército, auténticos resortes tecnológicos del Estado franquista, ante miradas hostiles o recelosas. Con todo, aquel régimen, que, parafraseando a Pedro Laín, con su «atroz desmoche», tanto había cercenado al árbol de la ciencia española, no podía permitirse despreciar la participación de algunas mujeres como Egües, imprescindibles en la reconstrucción de un sistema tecno-científico, tan necesario para la supervivencia del propio sistema, a pesar de ciertas retóricas atávicas. Así ocurrió con el desarrollo de una nada desdeñable industria de instrumentos ópticos, en especial, cómo no, aquellos de uso militar. Ámbito en el que María Egües, con forzada discreción y perseverante esfuerzo, alcanzaría uno de los más notables hitos: el diseño y fabricación de los primeros periscópios netamente españoles del siglo XX. (shrink)

UK maternity policy makes great fanfare about providing person-centered care, built around what the pregnant woman or birthing person needs. Maternity Voices Partnerships involving healthcare professionals and women are supposed to guide policy and practice at the local level. UK consent law prioritizes the pregnant person's own conception of the risks and factors that are material to her care. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how tenuous a hold these laudable principles actually have when the going gets tough.

To define abstract art, which occupies such an important place in contemporary aesthetics, merely as a plastic mode of expression that makes no attempt to seek its own forms among those already existing in reality is to give a very inadequate notion of it. The term “non-figurative art,” which is sometimes used to describe it, arbitrarily restricts its range by stressing as peculiar to it this elementary fact alone and by characterizing abstract art solely as a controversial or even as (...) a revolutionary art, as opposed to traditional aesthetics, which is itself figurative. Abstract art at times has also been called “concrete” or “non-objective” art. All these definitions have as little validity in themselves as those that are made use of in the history of art and are acceptable only at their “face value,” to use the monetary term, because they have no absolute value but merely a conventional one based on the principle of exchange (Baroque, Gothic, Rococo, Cubist). However, they are not to be ignored, since they do express the state of uncertainty, uneasiness, and indecision that afflicts most amateurs and even historians of art in regard to abstract art. At the same time, these definitions also indicate an awareness that we are dealing with a very important and complex phenomenon, enriched by extensive projections into the domain of social psychology, sociology, and probably even metaphysics. (shrink)

This book presents a detailed analysis of three ancient models of spatial magnitude, time, and local motion. The Aristotelian model is presented as an application of the ancient, geometrically orthodox conception of extension to the physical world. The other two models, which represent departures from mathematical orthodoxy, are a "quantum" model of spatial magnitude, and a Stoic model, according to which limit entities such as points, edges, and surfaces do not exist in (physical) reality. The book is unique in its (...) discussion of these ancient models within the context of later philosophical, scientific, and mathematical developments. (shrink)

Chile experimenta un periodo de readecuaciones en materia social. La demanda ciudadana por una mayor igualdad y seguridad social se refleja en el debate público sobre dimensiones distributivas como el salario mínimo. Como un intento de dar respuestas a estos requerimientos, el gobierno democrático ha implementado reformas en el campo educativo, en materia laboral y previsional. El presente artículo se propone contribuir a una caracterización institucional de la política social chilena y un análisis de la dinámica distributiva. Para el logro (...) de este objetivo, se recurre a los estudios especializados sobre los Estados de bienestar adaptando estas aportaciones a la configuración que evidencian las políticas sociales en el contexto nacional. Más adelante, se presentan algunos indicadores sociales vinculados con el tratamiento de la desigualdad y la pobreza, comparando las medidas distributivas con las utilizadas en los países de la OCDE. (shrink)

Resumen: Derek Parfit en Personas, racionalidad y tiempo sostiene que si bien es posible concebir experiencias sin referir a personas, las experiencias dependen para su existencia de las personas, y a su vez, las experiencias dependerían para su identidad de cierta otra entidad no idéntica con la entidad persona. Tal tesis, que deviene de determinado experimentos mentales de Parfit, específicamente del argumento Mi División y el Argumento del Hospital, se revisará desde ciertas nociones metafísicas de E. J. Lowe, en específico, (...) desde la tesis que supone que dependencia de identidad implica dependencia existencial, de forma que si x depende para su identidad de y, x dependería, de igual forma, para su existencia de y. Tal supuesto permitirá desarrollar ciertas problemáticas para lo que Parfit sostiene en su esquema sobre la dependencia de las experiencias.: Derek Parfit in People, rationality and time argues that although it is possible to conceive experiences without referring to people, experiences depend on people for their existence, and in turn, experiences would depend on certain other entity not identical to the person entity for their identity. This thesis, which comes from certain mental experiments of Parfit, specifically from My Division argument and the Hospital Argument, will be reviewed from certain metaphysical notions of E. J. Lowe, specifically, from the thesis that assumes that identity dependence implies existential dependence, so that if x depends on the identity of y, x would depend, in the same way, on the existence of y. This assumption will bring to developing certain problems concerning what Parfit holds in his scheme on the dependence of experiences. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar cuenta de la relevancia que ciertos aspectos mereológicos de las sustancias tienen para una adecuada comprensión de este tipo de entidades. Para esto, se expone en primer lugar, cómo ha sido analizada la noción de sustancia en el contexto del aristotelismo contemporáneo, para después advertir cierto cuestionamiento a este tipo de análisis. Posteriormente, motivado por tal cuestionamiento, se ofrece un marco de análisis mereológico-pluralista que busca fundamentar una forma distinta de definir la noción (...) de sustancia. (shrink)

Resumen En este artículo se argumenta a favor del modelo no posesivo del Yo. Se presenta la crítica de P. Strawson a este modelo, para elaborar una defensa que descansa en una tesis de posesión cerebral, la cual supone que las experiencias, en cuanto entidades ontológicamente no-suficientes, dependen para su existencia e identidad de la existencia de un cerebro particular.In the present investigation we will present arguments in favor of the no-ownership model of self. We will initially present the criticism (...) that Strawson makes to this model, to present a defense that rests on a thesis of cerebral possession, that assumes that the experiences as non-sufficiency ontological entities depend for their existence and identity on the existence of a particular brain. (shrink)

En este artículo se argumenta a favor del modelo no posesivo del Yo. Se presenta la crítica de P. Strawson (1967, 1989) a este modelo, para elaborar un defensa que descansa en una tesis de posesión cerebral, la cual supone que las experiencias, en cuanto entidades ontológicamente no-suficientes, dependen para su existencia e identidadde la existencia de un cerebro particular.

El presente artículo discute la posibilidad del tránsito de la revolución, como momento social de extrema violencia, a la resistencia organizada de forma permanente en los ámbitos de grupos disidentes contra la "totalidad" que los confina a un estatus de dependencia pasiva. En contra de la fetichiza..

Tres síntomas asociados al neoconstitucionalismo llaman poderosamente la atención: 1), la variedad y la cantidad de literatura dedicada al tema en los últimos veinte años, particularmente en España, Italia y América Latina; 2), el alcance y la pasión de las acusaciones y las defensas de las que ha sido objeto y de las que, con él, han sido objeto particularmente los principios y la ponderación; y 3), la fuerte presencia que se le suele reconocer en casi todos los actuales debates (...) teóricos y filosóficos del mundo jurídico latino. Esos síntomas sugieren que las controversias y los intereses que suscita tocan un aspecto jurídico neurálgico: las relaciones entre el Derecho y la moral. El neoconstitucionalismo constituye, en ese sentido, una corriente desafiante para el pensamiento jurídico contemporáneo, más aún en el contexto del inquietante y sorpresivo mundo de hoy. El desafío debe aceptarse y, para hacerlo, es menester adentrarse en la comprensión de todo lo que implica y todo lo que moviliza el neoconstitucionalismo. (shrink)

¿Qué sentidos abren las novelas como narraciones filosóficas? Esta pregunta con la que iniciamos el liminar de nuestro dosier Filosofía y novelas supone un abordaje de interpretación, a la vez combativo y constructor, de los artículos que lo componen. Combativo porque se enfrenta a una lectura dogmática de lo que debían ser la filosofía y la literatura como géneros enfrentados y excluyentes, o si acaso como discursos en donde la relación es de dependencia y subordinación: la filosofía como ejercicio fuerte, (...) racional y sistemático de la razón que subordina el mero ejercicio imaginativo, débil y asistemático de la literatura. A su vez, un abordaje constructor porque, al demostrar en casos específicos de novelas que esta separación artificiosa de géneros discursivos puede derrumbarse, genera ligas de sentido que podemos llamar la narración filosófica de las novelas. (shrink)

_Humanizing Education_ offers historic examples of humanizing educational spaces, practices, and movements that embody a spirit of hope and change. From Dayton, Ohio, to Barcelona, Spain, this collection of essays from the _Harvard Educational Review_ carries readers to places where people have first imagined—and then organized—their own educational responses to dehumanizing practices and conditions. Contributors include Montse Sánchez Aroca, William Ayers, Kathy Boudin, Fernando Cardenal, Jeffrey M. R. Duncan-Andrade, Marco Garrido, Jay Gillen, Maxine Greene, Kathe Jervis, Nancy Uhlar Murray, Valerie (...) Miller, Wendy Ormiston, Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas, Vanessa Siddle Walker, Arthur E. Thomas, and Travis Wright. (shrink)

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Social Responsibility, Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Behavior. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2022, achieving the identification of 57 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year (...) of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that the United States, with 10 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that country. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material regarding the scope of Social Responsibility, Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Behavior was Business, Administration and Accounting with 34 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 67% of the total scientific production. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

Approaches to the “Indian Issue” which fail to go beyond the mere charting of evolutions in legal norms or the articulation between neoliberalism and multiculturalism do not allow us to take the full measure of indigenous policies, in terms of the goal set for the enlargement of the spaces for public interpellation and the reconfiguration of ideas and practices pertaining to citizenship. Starting from the Argentine experience, the aim of this article is to examine the question of the sedimentation of (...) neoliberal procedures, in a context marked by the will to re-appropriate national and popular sovereignty over territories and resources. The Indian question thus poses both the problem of the model of development that has been adopted and the question of the characterizing of the pleb (the category of the popular, or of those most underprivileged) as a part of the populus, that is, as part of the people of the nation, and therefore of the demos, understood as the space open to those who can legitimately give form and content to populus and who can put words on the world. (shrink)

Quand on évoque la philosophie comme manière de vivre, on imagine le bleu de la Méditerranée, le soleil d’Italie et les rivages hellènes. Parfois on s’aventure jusqu’à penser à une bibliothèque, au premier étage d’une vieille tour, à ses poutres sur lesquelles le maître des lieux faisait peindre des sentences en grec et en latin ; certains vont jusqu’à évoquer un étang en Nouvelle-Angleterre, une cabane en Norvège. Qui imaginerait un presbytère, des grands marronniers, une église de village, et, en (...) toile de fond la forêt des Ardennes? On trouve la philosophie dans les lieux les plus insolites, et les plus inattendus, là où, les hommes simples vivent, simplement en hommes. (shrink)

Th is chapter outlines the experiences of non-consented vaginal examinations that women have shared with Birthrights and the Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services (AIMS). It gives a flavour of the issues that arise in cases brought to our attention, the impact on women who have to live with these experiences, and the lack of opportunity for proper redress faced by women. This chapter uses case studies to illustrate the experiences which lead women to seek support from AIMS and (...) Birthrights. These are real case studies: real women. They are almost certainly the tip of the iceberg. As this chapter will show, one issue with vaginal examinations is that women oft en do not know that they can decline consent, and/or do not feel confident in doing so. Th ere are no statistics held on the number of women who experience non-consented vaginal examinations but, with a system that includes vaginal examinations within standard maternity care, Birthrights and AIMS are certain that many more cases exist than those which have come to our attention. (shrink)

El encuentro entre Heidegger y Jaspers se transformó rapidamente en una profunda amistad. Es debido a esta cercanía que sus pensamientos comparten en muchos casos puntos de partida común, pero también radicales divergencias. Precisamente en torno al fenómeno del pueblo es que esta paradójica relación se vuelve más clara. El pueblo supranacional y el pueblo del ser son, como defiendo en el presente trabajo, dos sentidos irreconciliables de la comprensión de la comunidad.

The paradigm of rights, established throughout the academic, policy and migrant activism arenas, governs the protection of vulnerable migrant workers against abuse. To what extent this approach has achieved social justice for the migrant worker in the current global political economy climate is, however, uncertain. In analyzing the use of rights in migrant activism in Hong Kong, this paper shows the limitation of rights in the migrant experience at the same time as it shows how a new paradigm based on (...) the Capablities Approach could provide a more appropriate framework from which to achieve social justice for the migrant worker. (shrink)