Les cinq articles réunis dans ce dossier sont le résultat d’une journée d’étude sur le change dans l’économie antique organisée à Lille 3 le 24 avril 2015. Ils traitent de l’organisation du change à l’époque hellénistique en s’arrêtant plus particulièrement aux exemples de Délos et de l’Égypte, où la richesse des inscriptions et des papyrus fait apparaître deux situations très différentes : le change était libre dans la place commerciale de Délos, alors qu’il était soumis à un monopole royal en (...) Égypte ptolémaïque. Une analyse approfondie de la documentation permet d’observer ce que cela entraîne pour la circulation des monnaies, l’établissement des taux de change et le statut des changeurs dans les deux régions. Cette rencontre a également permis de confronter les points de vue divergents des auteurs sur l’allagè et le kollybos ptolémaïque. Les trois derniers articles mettent en évidence les différences d’interprétation qui en découlent. (shrink)

L’article reprend la question du rapport de valeur entre les monnayages de bronze et d’argent en Égypte ptolémaïque et s’interroge sur les effets de la «grande mutation » monétaire et comptable qui eut lieu à la fin du IIIe s. av. J. ‑C. Le monnayage de bronze est réorganisé sur la base d’un système décimal qui abolit le taux de change traditionnel entre les monnaies divisionnaires de bronze (chalques et oboles) et le statère d’argent. Cette réforme ne fait pourtant pas (...) disparaître l’allagè de 2,5 oboles par statère attestée à partir de 260 av. J. ‑C. Au IIe s. av. J.-C., le change reste un monopole royal, mais il est réorganisé et les changeurs chargés d’appliquer la réforme perçoivent une taxe sur le change intitulée kollybos. (shrink)

Strabon rapporte que le gymnase d'Alexandrie était l'un des plus beaux édifices de la capitale, et cite ses portiques, son tribunal et ses bosquets. L'article étudie cette description à la lumière des sources papyrologiques et littéraires, et observe la transformation progressive du gymnase en centre administratif et juridique de la province romaine d'Egypte. D'autres gymnases, et en particulier celui de Cyrène, témoignent de la même transformation du point de vue archéologique, et permettent d'avancer une hypothèse sur la situation topographique du (...) gymnase d'Alexandrie. (shrink)

This letter replies to the letter “Colonial and Neocolonial Barriers to Companion Digital Humans in Africa,” by Luís Cordeiro‐Rodrigues, in the same, May‐June 2024, issue of the Hastings Center Report.

Catalogue typologique de la céramique du IVe s. av. J.-C. au IIe s. ap. trouvée dans les fouilles du sanctuaire d'Aphrodite. L'absence de dépôt fermé de cette époque a amené- à écarter la céramique commune. Cette céramique se répartit entre les catégories suivantes : céramique à vernis noir, importations attiques et autres, et production locale (plats et assiettes, coupes et bols skyphoi, canthares, formes fermées) — céramique hellénistique à engobe noir et rouge (plats et assiettes, coupes et bols, cratères, skyphoi, (...) vases à relief, cruches et lagynoi) — sigillé orientale A hellénistique (plats et assiettes, coupes et bols), proto-impériale (mêmes formes) et médio- impériale (mêmes formes) ; imitation de la sigillée orientale A. — La sigillée orientale Β n'est représentée que par une forme — sigillée italienne (mêmes formes) — sigillée chypriote (plats et assiettes, coupes et bols, cratères, formes fermées). Étude de l'apport de cette céramique à la chronologie du sanctuaire. (shrink)

It is often supposed that the spectacular successes of our modern mathematical sciences support a lofty vision of a world completely ordered by one single elegant theory. In this book Nancy Cartwright argues to the contrary. When we draw our image of the world from the way modern science works - as empiricism teaches us we should - we end up with a world where some features are precisely ordered, others are given to rough regularity and still others behave (...) in their own diverse ways. This patchwork makes sense when we realise that laws are very special productions of nature, requiring very special arrangements for their generation. Combining classic and newly written essays on physics and economics, The Dappled World carries important philosophical consequences and offers serious lessons for both the natural and the social sciences. (shrink)

Στή σκηνή πού παριστάνεται στήν « κύλικα τῆς Μερόης », πολλοί θέλησαν νά διακρίνουν τόν βασιλέα Βόκχορι, τόν βασιλέα Σολομῶντα ἤ καί τόν Αὔγουστο μέ ἀλληγορία τῆς Αἰγύπτου. Ή κύλικα ἀνακαλύφθηκε στή βασιλική νεκρόπολη, στά περίχωρα τῆς πυραμίδας τοῦ βασιλέα Άμενιχαμπάλ, καί βρίσκεται σήμερα στό Museum of Fine Arts τῆς Βοστώνης. Οἱ συγγραφείς τοῦ ἄρθρου ἐρμηνεύουν τή σκηνή σάν ἐπεισόδιο ἀπό τήν τραγωδία τῆς Μήδειας : ὁ Κρέων καθισμένος στό ἕδρανο καί ἕνας φρουρός πού ἑτοιμάζεται νά ἐκτελέσει τίς διαταγές του, (...) ἡ Μήδεια μέ τά παιδιά της καί ὁ παιδαγωγός πού πρόκειται νά τά περιμαζέψει. Ή κύλικα τοποθετεῖται μέσα στά πλαίσια τῆς τορευτικῆς τέχνης στις ἀρχές τῶν αὐτοκρατορικῶν χρόνων καί συζητείται ή προέλευση ἀπό ἐργαστήριο τῆς 'Αλεξάνδρειας ἤ τῆς Ρώμης. Προτείνεται νά συνδεθεῖ μέ τήν ἀποστολή ἀπό τό Νέρωνα ἐκστρατευτικοῦ σώματος στή Νουβία, τό 61 μ.Χ. καί νά θεωρηθεῖ σάν διπλωματικό δῶρο, προσφορά τοῦ αὐτοκράτορα στό βασιλέα τῆς Μερόης. (shrink)

Unruly Practices brings together a series of widely discussed essays in feminism and social theory. Read together, they constitute a sustained critical encounter with leading European and American approaches to social theory. In addition, Nancy Fraser develops a new and original socialist-feminist critical theory that overcomes many of the limitations of current alternatives. First, in a series of critical essays, she deploys philosophical and literary techniques to assess the work of Michael Foucault, the French deconstructionists, Richard Rorty, and Jürgen (...) Habermas. Then, in a group of constructive essays, she incorporates their respective strengths in a new critical theory of late-capitalist political culture. Fraser breaks new ground methodologically by integrating the previously divergent insights of poststructuralism, critical social theory, feminist theory, and pragmatism. Thematically, she deals with varied forms of dominance and subordination in modern, industrial, late-capitalist societies. These themes are integrated in an original theory of 'the politics of need interpretation.' This concept becomes the linchpin of the socialist-feminist critical theory. (shrink)

Hunting Causes and Using Them argues that causation is not one thing, as commonly assumed, but many. There is a huge variety of causal relations, each with different characterizing features, different methods for discovery and different uses to which it can be put. In this collection of new and previously published essays, Nancy Cartwright provides a critical survey of philosophical and economic literature on causality, with a special focus on the currently fashionable Bayes-nets and invariance methods - and it (...) exposes a huge gap in that literature. Almost every account treats either exclusively how to hunt causes or how to use them. But where is the bridge between? It's no good knowing how to warrant a causal claim if we don't know what we can do with that claim once we have it. This book will interest philosophers, economists and social scientists. (shrink)

Until recently, struggles for justice proceeded against the background of a taken-for-granted frame: the bounded territorial state. With that "Westphalian" picture of political space assumed by default, the scope of justice was rarely subject to open dispute. Today, however, human-rights activists and international feminists join critics of structural adjustment and the World Trade Organization in challenging the view that justice can only be a domestic relation among fellow citizens. Targeting injustices that cut across borders, they are making the scale of (...) justice an object of explicit struggle. Inspired by these efforts, Nancy Fraser asks: What is the proper frame for theorizing justice? Faced with a plurality of competing scales, how do we know which one is truly just? In exploring these questions, Fraser revises her widely discussed theory of redistribution and recognition. She introduces a third, "political" dimension of justice—representation—and elaborates a new, reflexive type of critical theory that foregrounds injustices of "misframing." Engaging with thinkers such as Jürgen Habermas, John Rawls, Michel Foucault, and Hannah Arendt, she envisions a "postwestphalian" mapping of political space that accommodates transnational solidarity, transborder publicity, and democratic frame-setting, as well as emancipatory projects that cross borders. The result is a sustained reflection on who should count with respect to what in a globalizing world. (shrink)

_Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory_ takes on the claims of philosophical situationism, the ethical theory that is skeptical about the possibility of human virtue. Influenced by social psychological studies, philosophical situationists argue that human personality is too fluid and fragmented to support a stable set of virtues. They claim that virtue cannot be grounded in empirical psychology. This book argues otherwise. Drawing on the work of psychologists Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda, Nancy E. Snow argues that (...) the social psychological experiments that philosophical situationists rely on look at the wrong kinds of situations to test for behavioral consistency. Rather than looking at situations that are objectively similar, researchers need to compare situations that have similar meanings _for the subject_. When this is done, subjects exhibit behavioral consistencies that warrant the attribution of enduring traits, and virtues are a subset of these traits. Virtue can therefore be empirically grounded and virtue ethics has nothing to fear from philosophical situationism. (shrink)

This thesis explores how the problem of other minds arises in philosophy and literature of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The effort to imagine and establish the conditions, limits and possibilities of human knowledge of other human beings is common to works of empirical psychology, moral philosophy, political theory, autobiography and fiction. The ways in which literature, and specifically autobiographical writing, imagine the solitude and singularity of the human being are understood, in this dissertation, as contextualizations of the skeptical (...) moods which afflict the subjects of philosophical writing. The argument of the thesis, simply put, is that the human being and self conceived in this period is constructed in terms of dependence rather autonomy, and determined by the imagination of its relatedness to others, not its self-sufficiency. Rousseau's influence on English Romanticism provides a historical framework and principle of selection for the diverse set of texts brought together in the dissertation. Epistemological and ethical philosophies of the English Enlightenment serve as background for a study of the problems of human association that are central to all of Rousseau's work. The ineradicable doubts and insecurities which are constitutive of human relations in Rousseau are shown to be assimilated and transformed in the literature of English Romanticism. (shrink)

Nancy Fraser’s powerful new book documents the “movements of feminism” and the shifts in the feminist imaginary since the 1970s. Fraser follows the history of feminism from the ferment of the New Left, during which “Second Wave” feminism emerged as a struggle for women’s liberation alongside other social movements, to its emersion in identity politics following the decline of its initial utopian energies. Alongside this detailed history, Fraser recognizes the need for a reinvigorated feminist radicalism to respond to the (...) crisis in neoliberalism. She argues for a feminism that could join other egalitarian movements in struggles aimed at subjecting capitalism to democratic control, while retrieving the core utopian insights of feminism’s earlier phases. (shrink)

From the earliest photographic attempts to represent tropical hybrid races to depictions of disease in new tropical medicines, Picturing Tropical Nature offers ...

" Nancy Bauer begins her book by asking: "Then what kind of a problem does being a woman pose?

This edition of _Leviathan_ is intended to provide the reader with a modestly abridged text that is straightforward and accessible, while preserving Hobbes' main lines of argument and of thought. It is meant for those who wish to focus primarily on the philosophical aspects of the work, apart from its stylish but often daunting early modern prose. The editors have updated language, style, punctuation, and grammar throughout. Very long, complicated sentences have been broken into two or more sentences for enhanced (...) readability. In some instances, terms within a sentence are rearranged for enhanced clarity. Occasionally, an equivalent contemporary word is substituted for an archaic one. Ellipses indicate omissions of more than one sentence. Care has been taken to maintain the strength, nuance, and flavor of the work, especially of Hobbes' most difficult arguments. In addition, the volume offers a general Introduction and concise headnotes to each chapter. Annotation is geared to the student or novice reader. A glossary of key terms is also included, as well as an index. (shrink)

How the new conspiracists are undermining democracy—and what can be done about it Conspiracy theories are as old as politics. But conspiracists today have introduced something new—conspiracy without theory. And the new conspiracism has moved from the fringes to the heart of government with the election of Donald Trump. In A Lot of People Are Saying, Russell Muirhead and Nancy Rosenblum show how the new conspiracism differs from classic conspiracy theory, why so few officials speak truth to conspiracy, and (...) what needs to be done to resist it. Classic conspiracy theory insists that things are not what they seem and gathers evidence—especially facts ominously withheld by official sources—to tease out secret machinations. The new conspiracism is different. There is no demand for evidence, no dots revealed to form a pattern, no close examination of shadowy plotters. Dispensing with the burden of explanation, the new conspiracism imposes its own reality through repetition and bare assertion. The new conspiracism targets democratic foundations—political parties and knowledge-producing institutions. It makes it more difficult to argue, persuade, negotiate, compromise, and even to disagree. Ultimately, it delegitimates democracy. Filled with vivid examples, A Lot of People Are Saying diagnoses a defining and disorienting feature of today's politics and offers a guide to responding to the threat. (shrink)

Evil is not only an abstract concept to be analyzed intellectually, but a concrete reality that we all experience and wrestle with on an ongoing basis. To truly understand evil we must always approach it from both angles: the intellective and the phenomenological. This same assertion resounds through each of the papers in this volume, in which an interdisciplinary and international group (including nurses, psychologists, philosophers, professors of literature, history, computer studies, and all sorts of social science) presented papers on (...) cannibalism, the Holocaust, terrorism, physical and emotional abuse, virtual and actual violence, and depravity in a variety of media, from film to literature to animé to the Internet. Conference participants discussed villains and victims, dictators and anti-heroes, from 921 AD to the present, and considered the future of evil from a number of theoretical perspectives. Personal encounters with evil were described and analyzed, from interviews with political leaders to the problems of locating and destroying land mines in previous war zones. The theme of responsibility and thinking for the future is very much at the heart of these papers: how to approach evil as a question to be explored, critiqued, interrogated, reflected upon, owned. The authors urge an attitude of openness to new interpretations, new perspectives, new understanding. This may not be a comfortable process; it may in fact be quite disturbing. But ultimately, it may be the only way forward towards a truly ethical response. The papers in this collection provide a wealth of food for thought on this most important question. (shrink)

[The unfolding of the radical imagination].

One of the strongest strands in Nancy's philosophy is an attempt to rethink community and the very idea of the social in a way that does not ground these ideas in some individual subject or subjectivity. The fundamental argument of this book is that being is always 'being with', that 'I' is not prior to 'we', that existence is essentially co-existence. He thinks this being together, not as a comfortable enclosure in a pre-existing group, but as a mutual abandonment (...) and exposure to each other, one that would preserve the 'I' and its freedom in a mode of imagining community as neither a 'society of spectacle' nor via some form of 'authenticity'. (shrink)

How do novel scientific concepts arise? In Creating Scientific Concepts, Nancy Nersessian seeks to answer this central but virtually unasked question in the problem of conceptual change. She argues that the popular image of novel concepts and profound insight bursting forth in a blinding flash of inspiration is mistaken. Instead, novel concepts are shown to arise out of the interplay of three factors: an attempt to solve specific problems; the use of conceptual, analytical, and material resources provided by the (...) cognitive-social-cultural context of the problem; and dynamic processes of reasoning that extend ordinary cognition. Focusing on the third factor, Nersessian draws on cognitive science research and historical accounts of scientific practices to show how scientific and ordinary cognition lie on a continuum, and how problem-solving practices in one illuminate practices in the other. (shrink)