The book introduces to readers the scope and nature of Meltzer’s contribution, and suggests the wider social context in which he saw psychoanalysis.

The influence of background music on cognitive functions is still a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated the influence of background music on executive functions (particularly on inhibitory functions). Participants completed a standardized cued Go/NoGo task during three different conditions while an EEG was recorded (1: with no background music, 2: with relaxing or 3: with exciting background music). In addition, we collected reaction times, omissions, and commissions in response to the Go and NoGo stimuli. From the EEG (...) data, event-related potentials (ERPs) were calculated for the Go and NoGo trials. From these ERPs, the N2 and P3 components were specifically analyzed since previous studies have shown that these components (and particularly the Go-NoGo difference waves) are strongly associated with inhibitory functions. The N2 and P3 components of the difference waves (N2d and P3d) were used for statistical analyses. The statistical analyses revealed no differences between the three conditions in terms of amplitudes and latencies of the N2d and P3d components. In addition, reaction times, omissions, and commissions were comparable across all conditions. Our results suggest that in the context of this paradigm, music as background acoustic stimulation has no detrimental effects on the performance of a Go/NoGo task and neural underpinnings. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Metaphysische und transzendentale Dynamik in Kants opus postumum" verfügbar.

We seek an evolutionary explanation for why in some situations humans maintain either optimistic or pessimistic attitudes toward uncertainty and are ignorant to relevant aspects of their environment. Players in strategic games face Knightian uncertainty about opponents’ actions and maximize individually their Choquet expected utility with respect to neo-additive capacities allowing for both an optimistic or pessimistic attitude toward uncertainty as well as ignorance to strategic dependencies. An optimist overweighs good outcomes. A complete ignorant never reacts to opponents’ changes of (...) actions. We focus on sub- and supermodular aggregative games and provide monotone comparative statics w.r.t. optimism/pessimism. With qualifications, we show that in finite populations, optimistic complete ignorance is evolutionary stable and yields a strategic advantage in submodular games with aggregate externalities. Moreover, this evolutionary stable preference leads to Walrasian behavior in these classes of games. (shrink)

The book provides a collection of scientific papers which are dedicated to the memory of Burkhard Mojsisch. The collection includes highly qualified papers on ancient, medieval and early modern philosophy, and demonstrates the importance of the historical research of philosophy at the beginning of the 21st century and its current trends. It documents historical aspects of important philosophical discussions of contemporaneity (e.g. in the fields of intercultural philosophy and interdisciplinary philosophy, such as philosophy of neuroscience).

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Aristoteles' Transzendentaler Realismus" verfügbar.

This infamous book has enjoyed a lively underground reputation since its first publication in 1970. Richard Meltzer (a.k.a. R. Meltzer) took his training as a young philosopher and applied it with unalloyed enthusiasm to the lyrics, sound, and culture of rock and roll. Never before had anyone noticed the relationship between the philosophy of Heidegger and a tune by Little Anthony and the Imperials, heard the cries of agony in the Shangri Las' “Remember (Walkin' in the Sand)”, or (...) transcribed every "papa-ooma-mow-mow" in the Trashmen's “Surfin' Bird.”From Dionne Warwick to Plato, Jim Morrison to Bert Brecht, Conway Twitty to Miguel de Unamuno, Meltzer subverts high and low culture in his search for meaning, emotion, and codes in popular music. At once an earnest investigation and a crypto put-on, the book can be read for its nuggets of information and insights or for its humor. Here with Greil Marcus's new introduction, yet another generation of readers can be outraged and inspired. (shrink)

This essay starts from recent, polemical debates about relations between different generations and proceeds to a notion of human generativity that requires generative and intergenerational solidarity in a human world. In this perspective the author poses the question if a historical life for one another can emerge out of a mere sequence of lives which engenders ‘others’.

Muße ist ein freies Verweilen in der Zeit jenseits von Zweckrationalismus. Die Eigenzeitlichkeit wird zum Freiraum simultaner Möglichkeiten unserer Lebensgestaltung. Muße zielt auf ästhetisch und räumlich inszenierte Lebensformen, die in der Zeit nicht der Herrschaft der Zeit unterliegen. Konzepte von Muße sind stets eingebettet in ihre historischen und kulturellen Kontexte. Der Band beleuchtet historische Paradigmen der Muße in ihren literarischen Inszenierungen, diskursiven Verflechtungen und performativen Effekten. Die Beiträge aus der Philosophie, Klassischen Philologie, Alten Kirchengeschichte, germanistischen Mediävistik, neueren deutschen Literatur, Anglistik, (...) Soziologie, Geschichtswissenschaft, Archäologie, Kunstgeschichte, Ethnologie und Sinologie untersuchen Muße als anthropologisches und kulturgeschichtlich distinktes Phänomen, das sich Zeitzwängen widersetzt und Freiräume eröffnet. Analysiert werden unterschiedliche Semantisierungen, Ähnlichkeiten und Umbesetzungen, wie beispielsweise 'Freizeit', die Überschneidungen, aber auch gravierende Abgrenzungen zur Muße aufweisen. (shrink)

Neuroeconomics focuses on brain imaging studies mapping neural responses to choice behaviour. Economic theory is concerned with choice behaviour but it is silent on neural activities. We present a game theoretic model in which players are endowed with an additional structure – a simple “nervous system” – and interact repeatedly in changing games. The nervous system constrains information processing functions and behavioural functions. By reinterpreting results from evolutionary game theory, we suggest that nervous systems can develop to “function well” in (...) exogenously changing strategic environments. We present an example indicating that an analogous conclusion fails if players can influence endogenously their environment. (shrink)

Laut Hegel muss jede Darstellung des Absoluten als Selbstdarstellung begriffen werden. Doch was heißt das? Dass das Absolute überhaupt nur als sich Manifestierendes begriffen werden kann? Und wenn ja, welche Konsequenzen hat das für den Begriff des Absoluten? Burkhard Nonnenmacher zeigt, welche Antwort Hegels Logik und reifes System auf diese Fragen entwickeln.

Lange Zeit hielt sich der westliche Mensch für besonders frei und autonom. Menschen anderer Kulturen hingegen beschrieb und beurteilte er oft als gefangen in verwandtschaftlichen, sozialen, kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen, religiösen und politischen Zwängen. In seinen Essays hinterfragt Burkhard Schnepel dieses Selbst- und Fremdbild. So bricht er die damit einhergehenden Verzerrungen des 'exotischen' und 'orientalischen' Anderen auf. Der Autor betrachtet unterschiedliche Manifestationen und Typen von Personen in Afrika, Indien und in der Welt des Indischen Ozeans. Neben Königen, Narren und Träumern stellt (...) er auch den Tänzer und den Touristen in den Blickpunkt seiner ethnologischen Untersuchungen. (shrink)

There is now a renewed concern for moral psychology among moral philosophers. Moreover, contemporary philosophers interested in virtue, moral responsibility and moral progress regularly refer to Plato and Aristotle, the two founding fathers of ancient ethics. The book contains eleven chapters by distinguished scholars which showcase current research in Greek ethics. Four deal with Plato, focusing on the Protagoras, Euthydemus, Symposium and Republic, and discussing matters of literary presentation alongside the philosophical content. The four chapters on Aristotle address problems such (...) as the doctrine of the mean, the status of rules, equity and the tension between altruism and egoism in Aristotelian eudaimonism. A contrast to classical Greek ethics is presented by two chapters reconstructing Epicurus' views on the emotions and moral responsibility as well as on moral development. The final chapter on personal identity in Empedocles shows that the concern for moral progress is already palpable in Presocratic philosophy. (shrink)