This introduction specifies the context in which the texts that make up the dossier were written, presents them and outlines their respective main axes. In a second, more distant phase, it opens up three critical questions, linked to what Joas proposes and aiming to continue the discussion on what is at stake at the social, political and religious levels. It welcomes the aim of a 'self-reflection of social and cultural sciences on their biological bases and normative contents' in relation to (...) historically determined social and political problems. It underlines the anthropological substratum explored by the Joassian approach, which aims to highlight what is at stake between the individual and social bodies, the singular creativities of human action, and the social structures and dynamics. It is under this horizon that the three questions that mark a gap with Joas' work emerge. The first one focuses on the games between body and overcoming, and what is mobilised there, where collective organisation that is not reducible to politics alone and to what would be proper to it, takes shape. The second returns to the question of rite, to evoke its importance at the heart of our worldly activities, in a secular and non-religious mode. The third part takes up the strictly religious question, questioning how Joas deals with the modern differentiation of social spheres, as well as the absence, in his work, of a critical analysis of religions in their traditions, with all the pathologies that may run through them. (shrink)

Ayda Ignez Arruda was a key figure in the development of the Brazilian school of Paraconsistent logic and the first person to write a historical survey of the field. Despite her importa...

Considerando retrospectivamente os desdobramentos da filosofia, é possível observar que, antes de reconhecer e reafirmar as singularidades de seu exercício, o discurso filosófico tem sua origem intimamente associada à poesia. Evidenciando alguns momentos de cisão e outros momentos de contato entre o discurso poético e o discurso filosófico, o presente ensaio visa abordar e refletir sobre o diálogo entre esses dois discursos ao longo do tempo. Nesse horizonte, consideraremos estrategicamente os trabalhos de autores como Homero, Platão, Goethe, F. Schlegel e (...) Schelling, a fim de evidenciar as oscilações e salientar alguns movimentos específicos dentro desse longo diálogo. (shrink)

Facing israelian intransigent Ilan Halevi explain the failure of Oslo’s agreement, from the first intifada to the second. The archaic structure of Israel in front of pluriethnic and multi-denominational society, holds only because the society defines as being in war. There is only an international intervention which can prevent, the risk to pass of hundred deaths to thousand deaths... This intervention is necessary, only because it can realize for the Israeli opinion which it is impossible to settle question by force. (...) The Israelis do not stop saying « we shall not negotiate under the fire », but Palestinians always knew that they are making peace, under the fire, colonial and military violence never broke off. (shrink)

This book by Anne Le Huérou, Aude Merlin, Amandine Regamey and Silvia Serrano reinscribes the Chechen conflict within the continuity of Russian colonization , within that of a Sovietization out of which the nationalist movement originally grew, within the immanent needs of the Putinian regime and within the complexity of the interactions between Islam, resistance, solidarity, identity and the fear of extermination. It focuses in particular on the role of women, including of the “kamikaze” women who tragically illustrate the change (...) in nature of the resistance. The book is published at a moment when it is urgent for Europe not to repeat in Chechnya the inconsequent reflexes it adopted during the wars in the ex-Yugoslavia. (shrink)

Bourdieu's concept of the literary field aimed to overcome the opposition between internal and external analysis of literary works. This paper examines its theoretical and methodological implications by exploring the notion of mediations between text and context at three different levels: the material conditions of production and circulation of literary works; the modalities of their production by their authors; their critical reception. It is through these mediations that the key concept of autonomy becomes operational for empirical research and that it (...) displays its heuristic power, as illustrated by works using Bourdieu's theory of the literary field produced over the last two decades. (shrink)

There is a spectrum of identities: from the mathematical, through cases where specific criteria matter, to the complex or intuitive cases where we can recognize identity but don't know what the criteria should be. In a series of essays by senior figures in the sciences and humanities, this book examines what identity means across a number of academic disciplines. Topics range from mathematics, through the rules of recognition in biology and the law, to comprehending the individual in the visual, performing (...) and literary arts, and ultimately to notions of the philosophy of existence. Using the theme of identity to make new interdisciplinary connections, the contributors offer interested readers a glimpse into their specialist subjects and suggest new ways for students and scholars to think about identity in relation to their own work. (shrink)

L’article part du contemporain et de ce qui en affecte le religieux, un effondrement des médiations sociales et la montée de religiosités privées vivant d’un rapport direct à la vérité. Il reprend ensuite certains des motifs en cause, décalant les oppositions reçues. Ainsi sur les médiations, à repenser en lien à ce que sont tant le religieux que le social, sur l’extériorité, à repenser en lien à ce qu’est le sujet, sur ce qu’est une tradition, à repenser comme cristallisation culturelle (...) et institutionnelle d’une voie d’accomplissement de l’humain, à investir et valider comme telle, hors système auto-référencié. L’article fait enfin retour sur ce qu’il en est du christianisme, dans sa consistance propre, en principe faite d’une suite d’acculturations au creux des sociétés et des cultures, et vivant d’instances diverses et irréductibles. L’article y reprend le motif de l’expérience dite religieuse et en rapport à ce qui peut être une transcendance, mais cristallisée en corps à corps avec le monde et ce qui s’en éprouve et s’en dit, une expérience alors féconde, mais ainsi seulement. (shrink)

In diesem Aufsatz wird der Versuch unternommen, bestimmte Veränderungen im zeitgenössischen französischen literarischen Feld unter den drei Gesichtspunkten der mechanischen Kausalität (Produktionsbedingungen), der expressiven Kausalität (Weltanschauung und historische Narrative) und der strukturellen Kausalität (Feldeffekt) aufzugreifen und aus der Perspektive der longue durée neu zu vermessen. Die Marginalisierung der experimentellen Literatur im Feld des Verlagswesens aufgrund der Konzentrationen und des steigenden Rentabilitätsdrucks hat zu einer Repolitisierung dieser Literatur geführt, die jedoch nicht deren Heteronomisierung impliziert, da sie über einen Prozess formaler Entscheidungen (...) und des Schreibens entsteht, in dessen Verlauf es zu einem Dialog mit der Geschichte des Feldes und zur Hinterfragung der Position und Rolle von Schriftsteller*innen in einer Gesellschaft kommt, in der das Storytelling den öffentlichen Raum erobert. (shrink)

Resumo O propósito deste texto é mostrar que os problemas enfrentados por Merleau-Ponty, ao longo de seu percurso de pensamento, decorrem dos pressupostos dicotômicos dos quais ele parte. Assim, procuramos trazer à tona outras consequências de se assumir tal pressuposto, o do primado de uma experiência perceptiva muda como solo natal de todas as outras modalidades da experiência. Para tanto, tomam-se em consideração tanto a primeira como a segunda fase do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty.Our purpose is to show that the problems (...) faced by Merleau-Ponty throughout his path of thought arise from the dichotomous assumptions from which he begins. Thus, we seek to shed light on the other consequences of assuming a presumption such as the primacy of a mute perceptual experience as the native soil of all other experience’s modes. Therefore, the first as well as the second phases of Merleau-Ponty’s thought are taken into account. (shrink)

« Rythmes et Croyances au Moyen-Âge » Journée d'études organisée par Marie Formarier et Jean-Claude Schmitt 23 juin 2012 – Paris Présentation : Cette journée d'études a eu pour objectif de faire dialoguer les diverses disciplines concernées par le rapport entre rythmes et croyances au Moyen-Âge. Elle a accueilli des historiens, des anthropologues, des sociologues, des philologues et des linguistes. Présents dans la langue latine et les langues vernaculaires, dans la rhétorique du sermon, la prière et (...) - Histoire – (...) NOUVELLE JOURNÉE d'ÉTUDES. (shrink)

In its effort « to reconsider the sexist and racist biases that lead to ignore the fundamental role played by migrant women in our society s, this collection of articles stresses both the invisibilization and the ethnicization of the work performed by migrant women, as it is inscribed within the sexual division of labor. The analyses provided here cover various European countries, Spain, France, Italy.

After recalling the key points of what Joas proposes in The Power of the Sacred, the author takes up the question of secularisation which obsesses religious traditions and prevents them from discerning the specific features of the contemporary era: unprecedented and the innovative developments, bearing quests and refusals, which must be deciphered, and which are part of a redistribution of what makes up the social. The game of collective desacralisations-resacralisations dear to Joas no longer responds to this, compelling us to (...) move away, in order to emphasise that the social is first and foremost disseminated and de-institutionalised and that the religious is not limited to the sacral function mobilised here. Religion or the religious also, fundamentally, a mark of difference. The author believes that this aspect must be validated in the light of contemporary transformations and outlines what this means for the status and forms of religious traditions. (shrink)

Les sociétés contemporaines tendent à ne plus connaître que les réalités individuelles et une perspective générale hors déterminations spécifiées. D'où la mise à l'écart de toute tradition, religieuse ou culturelle, et un refoulement de ce qui les portait. Cet ouvrage entend promouvoir une reconnaissance de la pluralité des voies de l'humain, mais sans juxtaposition communautariste, et préconise la mise en place de conditions de confrontations sur fond de différends fructueux et d'hétérogénéité foncière. C'est peut-être notre seule chance pour l'avènement de (...) chacun et un renouvellement social. Cela passera par des enjeux à faire réapparaître à l'encontre d'insidieuses neutralisations, et requiert des régimes de raison divers mais tous développés suivant un mode de rationalité publique. Sont ici en cause nos identités, nos rapports au passé et nos imaginations d'avenir, ainsi que ce qui nous y mobilise. (shrink)

What Nepalese village or plot of land does not have a sacred tree or grove? The altar devoted to the earth gods is often the only collective shrine in a locality. Usually it is a natural site on the outskirts of the village, combining rocks and trees, and sometimes wooden shapes instead of rocks. It can also be associated with a cavity or hole in the earth. Thus among the Tamang of West Nepal: “The site of worship, which is known (...) by the Nepalese term bhumithan, is located on a sharp incline overhanging the village; it is set up in a small sheltered area in the rock and divided into two areas by a raised flat stone.” Furthermore, we might add B. Pignède's description of the sanctuary as one finds it among the Gurung on the southern side of the Annapurna: “Three walls of rock hold up a little roof of flagstones, the facade being open to the outside. The wall at the back is cut by a large tree that covers the whole area with its shade, with the tree and rock forming a single mass … Three raised rocks, the top of which is crudely rounded, are placed on a kind of tier. In the left corner is a little stone statue of a four-footed animal … Finally, on the outside, in front of the sanctuary's open facade, a wooden post is set up … The ensemble of the sanctuary includes a mixture of Indo-Nepalese and local elements.”. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone analizar las prácticas sociales y culturales de dos colectivos de migrantes en dos países latinoamericanos: el caso de los inmigrantes argentinos en Chile y de los inmigrantes senegaleses en Argentina. Comprendemos que estas prácticas tienen como trasfondo el encuentro entre compatriotas y apelan a la creatividad y espontaneidad en el contexto de integración a la sociedad de destino, contribuyendo a formar redes y lazos sociales quizás antes no existentes. Estas actividades creativas y re-creativas contribuyen a la (...) configuración de la identidad nacional en un contexto migratorio, a la vez que tienen en común surgir de manera espontánea, sin planificación previa, e ir configurando una red de relaciones que consolidan tanto la “identidad argentina” como la “identidad senegalesa” en el contexto migratorio de recepción. (shrink)

Miguel de Cervantes, no último capítulo de sua obra O engenhoso fidalgo Dom Quixote de La Mancha, retrata o falecimento de seu protagonista, decorrente de uma profunda tristeza. O cavaleiro, depois de vencido, sente-se obrigado a retornar ao seu povoado e a renunciar à cavalaria andante, o que lhe causa a transformação de sua realidade e de seu estado mental - da loucura à cordura -, além do seu direcionamento à morte. Assim como faz Cervantes no início do século XVII, (...) Espinosa, ao final do mesmo século, também parece estabelecer analogias entre as ideias de transformação e morte, ao apontar, em sua Ética, a relação entre a natureza do ser e sua proporção de movimento e repouso, responsável pelas inconstâncias humanas. A partir de tais considerações, este trabalho pretende aproximar o último capítulo da obra Dom Quixote à proposição 39 da Quarta Parte da Ética espinosana, de forma a ressaltar as devidas semelhanças entre o conceito de morte como transformação, retratado tanto pelo escritor espanhol quanto pelo filósofo holandês, uma vez que a morte, para ambos, demonstra estar vinculada à mesma ideia. (shrink)

Résumé Au xix e siècle naît une nouvelle éthique professionnelle du créateur qui remet en cause l’association du Beau, du Bien et du Vrai sur laquelle reposait l’esthétique classique. La séparation entre l’art et la morale s’opère au nom de deux valeurs, le Beau et le Vrai, qui s’autonomisent par l’intermédiaire du développement de l’esthétique et de la science. En littérature, elle est l’œuvre des deux grands courants romanesques de la première moitié du xix e siècle, le romantisme et le (...) réalisme. De ces deux courants, Flaubert opère une synthèse originale, qui lui vaut d’être traduit en justice. (shrink)

The article looks at the HET-Pro, the conditions of its birth, its aims, its networks, its evangelical posture but articulated on a Reformed terrain. It examines the Confessions of Faith to which the HET-Pro refers, pointing out the significant changes made to the historical data they claim to reflect. The article goes on to describe the radicalization of the HET-Pro and the terrain in which it operates, a radicalization that concerns the relationship to truth and its relationship to the outside (...) world. Finally, the article takes this as a starting point for formulating questions addressed to everyone. At the horizon is the contemporary socio-cultural, what it induces of the religious and what should be critically reworked. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of water stress on plants production. We propose a mathematical model for the dynamics growth of plants that takes into account the concentration of available water in the soil, water stress, plant production and plants compensation. Sensitivity analysis of the model has been performed in order to determine the impact of related parameters on the dynamics growth of plants. We present the theoretical analysis of the model with and without water (...) stress. More precisely, we show that the full model is well-posedness. For each model, we compute the trivial equilibria and derive two thresholds parameters that determine the outcome of water stress within a plantation. Further, we perform numerical simulation on the case of banana-plantain simulations to support the theory. We found that the Hopf bifurcation occurs for a specific value of the water absorption rate of unstressed plants. The impact of the water stress on the banana-plantain production is also numerically investigated. After, the role of the water stress on the plant production is numerically investigated. We found that the water stress can cause about 68.16% of loss of banana-plantain production within a plantation with 1600 rejets initially planted. This suggests that climate change plays a detrimental role on banana-plantains production. (shrink)

The fate of women in times of war has always been considered something a non-issue, buried as it was, and made banal as part and parcel of the lot of civilian population in general, since women were non-combatants. But looking at more recent conflicts we can no longer pretend that women are in a home front of sorts, as opposed to soldiers in battle, because there is no home front anymore, and women are now right in the middle of armed (...) conflicts, as, for instance, in Algeria and in Bosnia. (shrink)

Bultmann a-t-il été en partie victime d’une certaine « logique du protestantisme » ? R. Marlé a posé la question. Un théologien protestant peut être d’accord pour le fond avec la critique catholique, mais en la reprenant dans un esprit différent qui fera valoir la particula veri propre à Bultmann. On passera en revue à cet effet les quatre principaux griefs qui lui sont adressés.a) Réduction, au profit de la foi, de l’objectivité de l’historique et de celle du monde. — (...) L’objectivité à revendiquer est celle des données de la croyance, qui sont incarnées, et celle du monde comme lieu de salut. b) Survalorisation de la subjectivité de l’acte de foi au détriment de son contenu. — La particularité de l’engagement de foi dans le présent doit être maintenue, intégrée à une mémoire et à un corps de symbolismes et de références. c) Rejet de la révélation de Dieu à l’extérieur de la raison et de l’expérience historique. — Contre un refus radical à l’excès des médiations de la croyance, on maintiendra que Dieu est « pensable », sans que cela revienne à le « comprendre ». d) Insuffisance de la conception de la théologie comme simple intellectus fidei. — L’exercice théologique doit se déployer sous un horizon universel, mais aussi à un niveau socio-culturel attentif à toutes les inscriptions du religieux dans l’histoire et les mentalités.En définitive, on peut tenir le « fidéisme » du Bultmann pour l’illustration d’un « destin protestant », sans qu’il ait renié pour autant la théologie dialectique, mais pas davantage la théologie libérale, en tant que la première est une riposte articulée à la modernité et non un retour en arrière.Was Bultmann, to some extent, a victim of a certain “Protestant logic”? R. Marlé asked that question. A Protestant theologian can fundamentally agree with the Catholic position but take it in a different spirit, which would highlight the particula veri proper to Bultmann. The four principal complaints addressed to Bultmann in this matter will be reviewed.a) Reduction, in favor of the faith, of the objectivity of the historical and that of the world. — The objectivity demanded is for the tenets of belief, which are incarnate, and for a world as the place of salvation. b) Overvaluing of the subjectivity of the act of faith to the detriment of its content. — The particularity of the engagement of faith in the present must be upheld, integrated into a memory and a body of symbolisms and references. c) Rejection of the revelation of God outside reason and historical experience. — Against a radical refusal of the excess of mediations of belief, one can hold that God is “thinkable”, without being “understood”. d) Lack of the conception of theology as simple intellectus fidei. —The theological task should spread itself under a universal horizon, but also to a socio-cultural level that is attentive to all the inscriptions of the religious in history and mentalities.Finally, one can hold the “fideism” of Bultmann as an illustration of a “Protestant destiny”, without necessarily denying dialectical theology. Nor, indeed, liberal theology, in so far as the former is an articulated reply to modernity and not a return to the past. (shrink)

Ce texte sanctionne la double existence de la théologie d’une part, des sciences des religions de l’autre. Cette dualité est non dépassable, pour des raisons de fond relatives aux « intérêts » humains et sociaux en cause à chaque fois. Mais cette dualité peut être féconde pour chacune. Moyennant bien sûr qu’on les repense, l’une comme l’autre. Ce à quoi s’exerce la présente contribution. Qui précise au final en quoi la théologie, ainsi repensée, peut être riche d’enseignements pour les sciences (...) des des religions, et en quoi les sciences des religions sont pleines de richesses humaines instructives pour le travail et la réflexion théologiques, tout en étant en même temps un lieu de défis et une occasion de déplacements qui ne peuvent qu’en relancer la réflexion. (shrink)

Pensée et action sont articulées chez Canguilhem. Si on les inscrit dans le contexte de l’entre-deux-guerres et en les comparant aux trajectoires de contemporains tels que Cavaillès, Rougier et Sartre, l’engagement de Canguilhem pendant la guerre, ainsi que la forme d’action choisie deviennent intelligibles, si, évitant l’essentialisme, on les analyse à la lumière de la notion de disposition, de l’appartenance à des réseaux de sociabilité et de son âge, éléments qui guident autant la propension à prendre des risques que le (...) contenu de ses prises de position. (shrink)

O presente texto refere-se à trajetória de três homens. Eles nasceram na mesma época, mas viveram cada um em uma cidade distinta. Um morava em Fortaleza, no Ceará, outro em Lisboa e o terceiro no Rio de Janeiro. O que os unia? Livros. Os três tiveram suas vidas marcadas pela edição, impressão e comercialização de livros e relacionadas, particularmente, pela publicação de uma coleção de livros: a Biblioteca do Povo e das Escolas. É dessa coleção e de como ela se (...) associa à vida desses três homens que este texto trata. É urna história que liga Lisboa, Rio de Janeiro e Fortaleza e que mostra que ainda há muito a se descobrir e percorrer nos caminhos dos livros no século XIX. (shrink)

Decision making is an area of profound importance to a wide range of specialities - for psychologists, economists, lawyers, clinicians, managers, and of course philosophers. Only relatively recently, though, have we begun to really understand how decision making processes are implemented in the brain, and how they might interact with our emotions.'Emotion and Reason' presents a groundbreaking new approach to understanding decision making processes and their neural bases. The book presents a sweeping survey of the science of decision making.