Blanco, Carlos. Historia de la neurociencia: el conocimiento del cerebro y la mente desde una perspectiva inter-disciplinar. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2014. 296 pp.

Caracterizando como alternativa las reflexiones en torno a la noción de “diferencia” que hacen autores como Lazzarato, Virno, Agamben, ‘Bifo’, Rancière y Negri, entre otros, acerca de las posturas políticas que, o bien parten de la identidad sociológica, o bien de la igualdad o el acuerdo como axioma de lo político, el texto propone un llamado de atención respecto de la necesaria ampliación que, en la concepción de lo político, implican estas perspectivas, sobre todo entendiéndolas como prisma de análisis de (...) los procesos de producción de subjetividades en nuestros tiempos. (shrink)

We study the theory of a Hilbert space H as a module for a unital C*-algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$ from the point of view of continuous logic. We give an explicit axiomatization for this theory and describe the structure of all the representations which are elementary equivalent to it. Also, we show that this theory has quantifier elimination and we characterize the model companion of the incomplete theory of all non-degenerate representations of ${\mathcal{A}}$ . Finally, we show that there is an homeomorphism (...) between the space of types of norm less than 1 in this model companion, and the space of quasistates of the C*-algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$. (shrink)

We study Hilbert spaces expanded with a unitary operator with a countable spectrum. We show that the theory of such a structure is ω -stable and admits quantifier elimination.

A complete theory T has the Schröder–Bernstein property or simply the SB-property if any pair of elementarily bi-embeddable models are isomorphic. This property has been studied in the discrete first-order setting and can be seen as a first step towards classification theory. This paper deals with the SB-property on continuous theories. Examples of complete continuous theories that have this property include Hilbert spaces and any completion of the theory of probability algebras. We also study a weaker notion, the SB-property up (...) to perturbations. This property holds if any two elementarily bi-embeddable models are isomorphic up to perturbations. We prove that the theory of Hilbert spaces expanded with a bounded self-adjoint operator has the SB-property up to perturbations of the operator and that the theory of atomless probability algebras with a generic automorphism have the SB-property up to perturbations of the automorphism. We also study how the SB-property behaves with respect to randomizations. Finally we prove, in the continuous setting, that if T is a strictly stable theory then T does not have the SB-property. (shrink)

This paper presents a re-reading of Anselm’s Epistola de incarnatione verbi, examining it as a textual and doctrinal interpretation carried out by Anselm about the statements by Roscelin of Compiègne. It is marked by three moments: hearing, understanding and responding. Hearing is applied, on the one hand, to the literal text of the statement in the conditional version exposed in the Epistola de incarnatione verbi and in Letter 128; and, on the other hand, in the version in Letters 129 and (...) 136. Understanding requires the experience of those who believe in the Incarnate Word. The response refutes the Roscelin's thesis. (shrink)

De concordia, el último tratado escrito por Anselmo constituye un hito privilegiado en la ontogénesis de su pensamiento. Intentaré delinear en De concordia aquellos aspectos de su macroestructura que juzgo importantes y que pertenecen a ese proceso genético: a) la obra se inscribe —junto con Monologion y Cur deus homo— en la ontogénesis del pensamiento anselmiano en tanto pensamiento especulativo; b) este carácter especulativo está asociado íntimamente al lenguaje a través de la noción nihil; c) la articulación entre libertad y (...) necesidad cuanto el desdoblamiento del centro de DC, son subsidiarios del antedicho carácter especulativo. (shrink)

El artículo presenta, reconstruye y contextualiza la discusión filosófica a la cual Michel Henry somete el planteamiento de Martin Heidegger acerca de la disposición afectiva (Befindlichkeit). Henry toma como hilo conductor el concepto de cooriginariedad (Gleichursprünglichkeit) entre las estructuras existenciales. Sostendremos que la lectura de Henry no solo afecta a una herramienta metodológica central de Ser y tiempo; también nos aproxima, con una economía filosófica nada desdeñable, al núcleo argumentativo de la obra principal de Heidegger, núcleo que se entreteje a (...) partir de las estrechas relaciones que guardan ontología, fenomenología y analítica existencial. Sin embargo, el planteamiento de Henry ha sido encasillado dentro del «giro teológico» de la fenomenología. Con lo cual será necesario mostrar que la crítica a Heidegger puede sostenerse con independencia de la deriva teológica de la filosofía henriniana. (shrink)

El mundo del ensueño y el mundo de la vigilia raras veces se oponen o se excluyen de manera tajante; más bien, una de las características de tal relación es la posibilidad de una inminente irrupción de uno en el otro. La tesis general de este artículo es que la tradición filosófica de Aristóteles a Husserl no cuenta con una orientación para acceder al fenómeno de los sueños que no privilegie la vigilia. Esta dificultad está detrás de una serie de (...) problemas y paradojas que se pueden explicitar ejemplarmente mediante una aproximación a la teoría aristotélica sobre el dormir (hýpnon) y el soñar (enýpnion), en los tres tratados dedicados al tema en Parva naturalia. La tematización aristotélica es analizada y criticada de cara a una posible fenomenología de los sueños, de la cual ya hay algunos vestigios en Husserl y Heidegger, pero que se desarrolló sistemáticamente en Fink. El artículo propone que al reelaborar las “piezas faltantes” del acercamiento aristotélico, así como la prioridad que la primera persona tiene en la fenomenología, sería posible abrir una vía de exploración que lleve a pensar el sueño en la realidad de su efectuación concreta. Este enfoque permite evidenciar tres requerimientos fundamentales para pensar la fenomenalización del ensueño, a saber: el entrecruzarse de los mundos de la vigilia y del ensueño, la maximización y la móvil ordenación de las sensaciones durante el sueño y, finalmente, el afloramiento del reino afectivo. Estos tres fondos problemáticos ponen sobre la mesa la pregunta por los límites de la manifestación (de los ensueños) y, en ese sentido, abren un posible diálogo con la fenomenología francesa contemporánea. (shrink)

El artículo adelanta una discusión crítica alrededor de la conexión entre el planteamiento de la pregunta por el sentido de ser en general y su desarrollo a través de la analítica ontológica de un ente en particular (del Dasein), resaltando con antelación por qué se trata de uno de los principales problemas internos del tratado Ser y tiempo. Sostengo que la elección del Dasein no es arbitraria y que en ningún caso el tratado es la simple caracterización de un ente (...) en su ser, sino el desarrollo cabal de la problemática ontológica. Para esto, abordo la particular declinación del concepto de fenomenología realizada por Heidegger, la cual permite comprender en qué sentido la posibilidad de toda ontología no metafísica reside en el reconocimiento de una dinámica ontofenomenológica estructural; el juego mostración- ocultamiento del ser en el ente. De ahí que sea a través del Dasein, en cuanto entre arrojado a la posibilidad doblemente articulada de mostrarse desde sí mismo a sí mismo, o de mantenerse oculto para sí mismo, que tal dinámica se puede desplegar ejemplarmente. (shrink)

Colombia is the second country with the highest number of internally displaced persons. In the last 10 years, more than 400,000 young people carry, in their life experiences, the title of victims. The psychological and social circumstances that determine the lives of displaced young people in the world are not unknown. Fear, the poor resources for social adaptation available to them, and the possible reproduction of the cycle of violence, represent psychosocial risk factors in the young and displaced population. In (...) this context, the Victims Law in Colombia stipulated various measures of repairment, including Relocation and Return provided the conditions of voluntariness, security, and dignity are present. A hypothesis that well-being will be better in the returnees was set, since they would strengthen the social support networks between neighbors and other victims in their old spaces of life. To test the hypothesis, the scales of Psychological Well-being, Social Well-being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Psychosocial Trauma Scale were applied to young returnees and relocated in Colombia. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to extract the general measure of well-being and psychosocial trauma followed by the comparison between the groups. Significance, power, and effect size indicators were obtained, and finally, the partial correlation between the groups was made in relation to psychosocial trauma and well-being. Results showed that returnees have greater well-being and clearer indicators, with respect to that of relocated. In addition, the well-being of returnees has fewer trauma factors, who in turn are quasi-moderated by the situation of return or relocation. (shrink)

En el presente estudio se realiza una presentación de la escultura de san Pedro de Alcántara del artista de Hervás Pérez Comendador. La perspectiva de la lectura realizada entra dentro de la historia del pensamiento analizando la obra en el contexto personal, histórico y artístico del autor, de la significación implícita y explícita de su composición en diálogo con la teología alcantarina y el contexto filosófico-teológico de la composición escultórica. The present study will realize the presentation of the sculpture of (...) St. Peter of Alcantara made by the artist Hervás Pérez Comendador. The prospect of reading done falls will be take place within the history of thought by analyzing the work in personal, historical and artistic context of the author’s implicit and explicit meaning of his composition alcantarina dialogue with theology and philosophical-theological context of the sculptural composition. (shrink)

Available in English for the first time, this much-anticipated translation of Enrique Dussel's _Ethics of Liberation_ marks a milestone in ethical discourse. Dussel is one of the world's foremost philosophers. This treatise, originally published in 1998, is his masterwork and a cornerstone of the philosophy of liberation, which he helped to found and develop. Throughout his career, Dussel has sought to open a space for articulating new possibilities for humanity out of, and in light of, the suffering, dignity, and (...) creative drive of those who have been excluded from Western Modernity and neoliberal rationalism. Grounded in engagement with the oppressed, his thinking has figured prominently in philosophy, political theory, and liberation movements around the world. In _Ethics of Liberation_, Dussel provides a comprehensive world history of ethics, demonstrating that our most fundamental moral and ethical traditions did not emerge in ancient Greece and develop through modern European and North American thought. The obscured and ignored origins of Modernity lie outside the Western tradition. _Ethics of Liberation_ is a monumental rethinking of the history, origins, and aims of ethics. It is a critical reorientation of ethical theory. (shrink)

In this paper I try to defend McDowell’s empiricism from a certain objection made by Davidson, Stroud and Glüer. The objection states that experiences cannot be reasons because they are—as McDowell conceives them—inert. I argue that, even though there is something correct in the objection, that is not sufficient for rejecting the epistemological character that McDowell attributes to experiences. My strategy consists basically in showing that experiences involve a constitutive attitude of acceptance of their contents.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

El oficio de historiador es una guía didáctica destinada a los estudiantes que emprenden sus estudios universitarios en las disciplinas históricas. Pretende servir como manual auxiliar para introducirse en el conocimiento y la comprensión de los conceptos básicos de las ciencias históricas y en los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que son habituales en el ámbito educativo de la Universidad. Las dos primeras partes de la obra ofrecen una presentación de los rasgos característicos de la historia como ciencia humana y (...) de la evolución de la historiografía desde su origen en la Antigüedad y hasta el presente. Los dos últimos apartados orientan a los estudiantes sobre los modos de estudio propios de la educación universitaria y tratan de ayudarles en la realización práctica de los ejercicios y trabajos de curso correspondientes. (shrink)

Tanto Tomás de Aquino como Husserl coinciden, respecto a la teoría sobre la verdad, en pensar que (debido a la adecuación) el intelecto hace una copia exacta (absoluta) de una cosa siempre idéntica (igualmente absoluta), y que gracias a ello refutan el relativismo. Pero Julián Marías, entusiasta de la verdad, critica al absolutismo y al relativismo, y piensa que ambos están basados en la verdad como adecuación. La visión que sobre la verdad tiene Marías es consecuencia de su respeto a (...) la realidad, organizada en perspectiva: esta es de la realidad, no del hombre que la mira. Por ello ninguna verdad agota la realidad. Los partidarios de la adecuación suelen aplicar su esquema mental a los objetos irreales o ideales, suponiendo que la realidad como tal, caótica para ellos por la multitud de puntos de vista diferentes, está desorganizada y es fuente de relativismo. (shrink)

The concept of “philosophical normalization” has become common place, recently questioned in the narrative of the historical process of philosophy in Latin America. From the theory of layers of time raised by R. Koselleck this paper proposes a critical review of this concept.

La humanidad evolucionó durante milenios para desarrollar unas características biológicas, culturales, cognitivas y simbólicas comunes, que han posibilitado la expansión de nuestra especie por toda la Tierra y el desarrollo cultural y tecnológico de nuestra era. En este artículo exploramos someramente las ideas del ser humano, proyecciones simbólicas de lo que hemos aspirado a ser, y nos concentramos en la idea moderna autopoiética o de autotransformación, que en nuestro tiempo está postulando la necesidad y posibilidad de una transmutación radical de (...) nuestra especie mediante las bio y neuro tecnologías, generando lo que se denomina «antropotecnologías». El transhumanismo o movimiento de automutación radical de la especie humana nos conducirá, probablemente, a un objetivo que alterará la historia de la humanidad y que, por tanto, debe ser revisado y evaluado desde una perspectiva filosófica y ética por sus profundas consecuencias. (shrink)

Starting with its tenth volume, Philosophical Issues will be a yearly one-volume supplement to Nous. Each year it will be devoted to invited papers and book symposia in a specific area of philosophy. The yearly has attained distinction through the uniformly high quality of its previous nine volumes and the fact that its authors include many of the most distinguished philosophers active today. The topic of Volume 10 is controversies at the interface of epistemology with philosophy of language and philosophy (...) of mind, including discussion of the sorites paradox and linguistic contextualism on attributions of knowledge. (shrink)

In this incisive critique, Dussel demonstrates how most of these philosophies have either failed to give historically faithful analyses of the genesis of the "myth" of modernity, or have never engaged in a serious questioning of their own Eurocentric presuppositions.

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) are an essential element of transport in industry 4.0. Although they may seem simple systems in terms of their kinematics, their dynamics is very complex, and it requires robust and efficient controllers for their routes in the workspaces. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an intelligent controller of a hybrid AGV based on fuzzy logic. In addition, genetic algorithms have been used to optimize the speed control strategy, aiming at improving efficiency and (...) saving energy. The control architecture includes a fuzzy controller for trajectory tracking that has been enhanced with genetic algorithms. The cost function first maximizes the time in the circuit and then minimizes the guiding error. It has been validated on the mathematical model of a commercial hybrid AGV that merges tricycle and differential robot components. This model not only considers the kinematics and dynamics equations of the vehicle but also the impact of friction. The performance of the intelligent control strategy is compared with an optimized PID controller. Four paths were simulated to test the approach validity. (shrink)

En la obra de Nicol existe una concepción original de biopolítica que difiere de las teorías más conocidas. Parte de una concepción de la humanidad caracterizada por la tensión entre «comunidad histórica» y «especie natural»; y plantea una diferencia sustancial entre el mundo de la cultura-técnica-libertad vs. naturaleza biológica y necesidad. Nicol sostiene que en nuestra era la libertad humana decae, ya que la humanidad se está reduciendo a comportarse como una especie natural en lucha por su supervivencia ante la (...) posibilidad de un colapso civilizatorio. Por ello, formula una concepción de biopolítica que no solo consiste en un mecanismo para imponer control biológico sobre poblaciones humanas, pues descubre una nueva dimensión biopolítica surgida del predominio de la «razón de fuerza mayor», razón sistemática de extrema necesidad, que surge como consecuencia del posible colapso civilizatorio que se extiende globalmente, y que ha sido desencadenada por la expansión del poder tecnológico y la destrucción ecológica. El desenlace de este colapso sería un impensable retroceso de la humanidad al nivel de una especie biológica en lucha por su supervivencia colectiva, con la consecuente pérdida de fines históricos y decisiones libremente elegidas. Se analizan estas tesis críticamente y se evalúa su validez y sus consecuencias teóricas. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE EDUCATOR IN THE FACE OF REFORM Enrique Gómez León It might be claimed that all the reforms ofthe educational systems of the wealthy nations of the West aim to accomplish the motto of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. The principle goal of school today is the formation ofcitizens. Laws enshrine this sacred purpose, and politicians repeat it in every conceivable declaration oftheir programs. Public schools are (...) ofcourse part and parcel ofthe State. It is the ideals ofthe State that govern the educational process, and this in a double sense: schools should train pupils in these values, and at the same time reproduce these values in their functional processes. A quick glance at the characteristics of any high school allows us to recognize the values in question: a)Freedom of expression for teachers and pupils; freedom ofprograms, or rather the multiplication of subjects to be taught, since schools should represent every facet of our complex reality; freedom also from etiquette, from formal rules of behavior regarding what to wear, the way to speak up, how to address teachers; freedom, finally, from parents, who abandon to schools the role of primary and fundamental educator. b)Equality, a benefit ofdemocratization, which bears with it the obligation ofschooling for all; boys and girls study the same contents, and there is no exclusion for economic or religious reasons, nor for intellectual ones. c)Fraternity nowadays cashes out as tolerance, a true fetish word in the contemporary world. It is a tolerance which implies an absolute laicity so as to allow the expression ofevery kind ofbelief, or its lack, and which implies the right to speak far beyond what science allows, and yet to fall far short of what it demands, since emotion and sentiment demand their place alongside, or above, truth. The indubitable goodness of these objectives, these ideals—which no one would dare to criticize in public—does not manage to hide a spreading sense ofmalaise: teachers complain that pupils learn less and less, discipline problems increase; adolescents complain that school doesn't frighten them Enrique Gómez León97 any more, it'sjust boring; parents complain that there are no longer any good manners, their children are wasting their time; the newspapers deplore the increase of violence in the schools. Often the motives behind these complaints are quite banal: teachers focus on their own convenience and resist change; comparisons with the past are no longer valuable, since now everybody has become a product of schooling; most adolescents, above all, are extraordinarily entertained by school, where they meet up with their friends; parents forget that they had already scandalized their own parents with their astounding new mores; newspapers are slaves to the moment, obliged every day to forget what happened yesterday. We should not overlook the bad reasons for complaining about the malaise, but we should equally give it its due attention. I would like to bring out some arguments underlying it, as described from the position ofa teacher ofadolescents who loves and enjoys his profession. This malaise does not spring from resistance to the ideals of our era—liberty, equality, fraternity—but from the experience of a surprising fact: the more one exalts that slogan, the more the intellectual task of the school recedes into the background. As a consequence, freedom is reduced to lack of direction, equality to simple indifference, and fraternity to a paralyzing absence ofany meaningful boundaries. School, then—we are still talking about the state education system—may tend to produce what it is trying to avoid: a society both less free and more unequal. It is the apprehension of this future that provokes some disquieting questions among teachers: What use is this? What am I doing? What might I be able to do? In other words: What power do I have? So as to bring out some elements for discussion, and with the goal also of justifying the preceding hypothesis, I am going to approach the problem by first drawing away from it. In this way I hope to gather the necessary "élan" to underline two points—among many others—which, in my opinion, deserve more thought. Mircea Eliade repeats on several occasion this... (shrink)

The objective of this research work was to determine what are the factors that condition the labor insertion of graduates of the 14 Study Programs of the Faculty of Technology, in the Technical Variant Educational Institutions, the Productive Technical Centers and in the Higher Institutions. Technological, in the year 2023, with its two dimensions of employability and occupancy; The methodology applied was quantitative, type of applied research, non-experimental research method, simple descriptive design, 13 questions were prepared for the employability dimension (...) and 12 questions for the employability dimension, this questionnaire was developed through Google form and It was applied through virtual social networks to graduates who obtained their degrees in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. The sample consisted of 160 graduates. The statistical process of reliability and validity of the instruments was carried out using the SPSS V-27 statistical package, the following result was reached, of the 160 respondents, 16.88 % indicate that insertion is low, another 28.75 % respond which is medium and 54.37 %, which is equivalent to 87 graduates surveyed, specify that it is high. (shrink)

In recent years, we have witnessed a renewed interest in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. This issue of Anuario Filosófico presents the present-day status of Thomism via three major thematic areas: Thomistic institutions, the current state of research, and the editing and linguistic analysis of Aquinas works. Keywords.

En el presente texto se realiza un análisis sobre la utilidad del método de los experimentos mentales en filosofía. Dicha utilidad se da en tanto que el experimento usado sea legítimo, esto es, que cumpla con ciertas exigencias teóricas. Sin embargo, la utilidad de tal método se ve afectada por la proliferación de experimentos mentales ilegítimos. Tomando como referencia un tipo específico de experimentos mentales ilegítimos, el texto se propone presentar una explicación al anterior fenómeno basada en la relación de (...) las nociones de conocimiento y necesidad lógica. Igualmente, se presentan dos formas posibles de evitar el recurso excesivo a experimentos mentales de poca utilidad. (shrink)

Bentham enunció el principio de utilidad por primera vez en el Fragmento sobre el Gobierno, que apareció en 1776. No se sabe con exactitud el proceso intelectual por el que atravesó Bentham antes de llegar a enunciarlo. En ninguna de las cartas que escribió entre 1768 y 1769 existe la menor referencia al descubrimiento, lo que habría sido razonable suponer, si tenemos en cuenta la extraordinaria importancia que el principio tuvo para el desarrollo de su filosofía moral y los programas (...) de reformas sociales y de legislación con los que estuvo comprometido el resto de su vida. La evidencia sobre el hallazgo y enunciación del principio del principio hay que buscarla en lo que, ya casi al final de su vida, le comunicó personalmente a John Bowring. (shrink)

The author explores the viability of rational political action - here understood as a philosophy of liberation - through an examination of practical and material, practical-discursive, strategic and instrumental, critically normative, discursive, and strategic criteria.

In The Theological Metaphors of Marx, Enrique Dussel provides a groundbreaking combination of Marxology, theology, and ethical theory. Dussel shows that Marx unveils the theology of capitalism in his critique of commodity fetishization. Capitalism constitutes an idolatry of the commodity that undergirds the capitalist expropriation of labor. Dussel examines Marx's early writings on religion and fetishism and proceeds through what Dussel refers to as the four major drafts of Capital, ultimately situating Marx's philosophical, economic, ethical, and historical insights in (...) relation to the theological problems of his time. Dussel notes a shift in Marx's underlying theological schema from a political critique of the state to an economic critique of the commodity fetish as the Devil, or anti-God, of modernity. Marx's thought, impact, and influence cannot be fully understood without Dussel's historic reinterpretation of the theological origins and implications of Marx's critiques of political economy and politics. (shrink)

La creencia en la resurrección de los muertos es central para las religiones abrahámicas. Al estar actualmente desacreditada la noción de alma, muchos filósofos cristianos materialistas se replantean la posibilidad de tal resurrección. Dos problemas fundamentales amenazan tal posibilidad: la discontinuidad espacio-temporal entre la muerte y la resurrección (que impediría esta última si fuera imposible una existencia intermitente para los seres humanos) y la degeneración, disgregación o incluso completa destrucción de los componentes materiales del cuerpo (que impediría la reconstrucción del (...) cuerpo original). Ambas cuestiones ponen en peligro la identidad numérica entre la persona muerta y la resucitada. Tras examinar diversas hipótesis recientes que intentan superar estas dificultades, constato que, o bien recurren a ideas disparatadas para asegurar la identidad, o asumen directamente que el cuerpo resucitado es una mera copia del original. Así, concluyo que, supuesta una concepción puramente corporalista de la persona, no parece viable ninguna noción de resurrección que preserve la identidad personal. (shrink)

La educación tiene un objetivo principal según las principales regulaciones educativas estatales e internacionales: la consecución de una serie de competencias. Aunque quepa piensar de competencias sociales, cívicas o éticas, la idea central de esta perspectiva es que la educación debe servir en primer lugar para el desempeño de una profesión, que definirá el éxito social de los educandos. El objetivo principal de este artículo es cuestionar filosóficamente la validez de ese objetivo. Sostenemos que la adquisición de competencias debe permanecer, (...) pero basarse y quedar supeditada a la adquisición de las virtudes. Esta respuesta remite al pensamiento de Leonardo Polo y permite una comprensión de la educación basada en su cultivo. (shrink)

El artículo analiza el discurso de S. Kierkegaard “Todo buen don y toda dádiva perfecta viene de arriba” y lo articula con otros dos Discursos edificantes. La articulación procura, primero, elucidar por qué el sí mismo auténtico es aquel que asume que no puede nada. Segundo, muestra silencio, obediencia y alegría como las actitudes fundamentales sobre cuya base el sí mismo auténtico es en el mundo y caracteriza la fe originaria implícita en ellas como su condición de posibilidad. Finalmente, explicita (...) el mundo en el que es el sí mismo auténtico como sitio justo abierto a la espera del reino. (shrink)

Uno de los aspectos dominantes en los desarrollos de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades en la actualidad es la adaptación de enfoques naturalistas. Los programas naturalistas rechazan el estatuto de lo humano que había defendido tradicionalmente la filosofía al sostener que la conciencia es reducible a un hecho contingente y, por lo tanto, puede comprenderse desde un criterio meramente objetivista. El filósofo francés Jean-Marie Schaeffer llama a esta postura la “tesis de la excepción humana” y sostiene que la fenomenología (...) de Edmund Husserl es el último ejemplo de esta postura. Trataremos de mostrar que el antinaturalismo tan característico de la fenomenología husserliana es sostenible pese a la crítica de Schaeffer. En este sentido, buscamos explorar brevemente la posibilidad y sentido de una fenomenología naturalizada.One of the key aspects in the development of the social sciences and humanities today is the adaptation of naturalistic approaches. Naturalists programs reject the status of the human that had traditionally defended philosophy holding that consciousness is reducible to a contingent fact and, therefore, can be understood from a purely objectivist approach. The French philosopher Jean-Marie Schaeffer calls this approach the “thesis of human exception” and argues that the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl is the latest example of this approach. Try to show that the anti-naturalism so characteristic of Husserlian phenomenology is sustainable despite criticism of Schaeffer. Here, looking briefly to explore the possibility and way of a naturalized phenomenology. (shrink)

The reorganization of taxation within the territory under the Crown of Aragon, which was undertaken alfter the War of Succession, was performed at a period of economic difficulties and coincided with radical political change. It was therefore not unopposed. The study of the Peñiscola Revolt in 1715 is important for three main reasons: the opposition to taxation which fuelled it; the demands for a retum to the municipal organization of the period of the "fuero"; and the fact that it arose (...) in one of the Valencian towns which had proved most loyal to Philip V during the War of Succession. (shrink)

El libro, como apunta el propio título, aborda los límites del modelo altruista en la donación de órganos. Dicho de otro modo, que «...el altruismo como único elemento regidor de los programas de donación, es una cuestión problemática» y «...que el modelo de donación altruista en términos de equidad es desventajoso para la familia donante».

One of the most intriguing and painful anomalies of the modern world—so diffused that it has almost become a universal culture— is the incredible number of individuals and groups who kill, torture, burn, kidnap, imprison or merely outrage other people with a clear conscience when a political motive may be alleged. Added to them is the much larger number of people and institutions that tolerate, approve, encourage, praise and even bless that type of behavior when it occurs within a political (...) context. Included in this generic political violence is „the kind of behavior that is much more serious and that we may call terrorist, the behavior of those who seek to impose their will through the commission of atrocities that sow a generalized terror or a panic fear, and then to manipulate the reactions these atrocities provoke. Here “private” terrorists, as well as “semi-state” and “state” terrorists commit acts that would not be tolerated in normal, non-political life, and the public that approves this conduct would never accept it if it occurred in everyday life. (shrink)