Der Band prüft den Begriff Responsibilisierung aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären Perspektiven auf seine Aktualität, sein analytisches Gewicht und seine theoretischen Bedeutungen und bringt so die Erziehungswissenschaft mit der Soziologie, der Philosophie oder der Geschichtswissenschaft ins Gespräch. Es wird sowohl danach gefragt, welche tragfähigen theoretischen, analytischen und politischen Perspektiven mit einer positiven Bezugnahme auf die Begriffe und verbunden sind, als auch danach, welche Kritiken angemessen erscheinen.

Gleichzeitig reformuliert er die Erbsundenlehre der christlichen Tradition, wenn er den Menschen als radikal bose bezeichnet. Heit zeigt, dass Kant die Spannung zwischen Freiheit und Sunde nur durch religiosen Vollzug fur uberwindbar halt.

RESUMO Neste artigo argumento que Nietzsche desenvolve a ideia de uma gaia ciência, que afirma a vida, como um possível resultado de uma história cultural do ascetismo e da sublimação. As seções finais da "Genealogia da moral" introduzem uma distinção entre ciência normal e idealista e discutem suas respectivas relações com o ascetismo. A prática do trabalho científico normal e a busca idealista pela verdade revelam, ambas, a falta de ideais autônomos. Uma análise de sua compreensão do conhecimento hipotética e (...) instrumentalista mostra que a discussão nietzscheana da verdade não é autorrrefutável. Nietzsche não é um inimigo da ciência, mas afirma uma posição privilegiada para a filosofia na hierarquia das disciplinas em um amplo contexto de emancipação cultural. ABSTRACT This paper argues that Nietzsche develops the idea of a life-affirming, joyful science as a possible result of a cultural history of ascetism and sublimation. The closing sections of "On the Genealogy of Morals" introduce a distinction between normal and idealist science and discuss their respective relation to ascetism. The practice of normal scientific labour and the idealist quest for truth both reveal the lack of autonomous ideals. An analysis of his hypothetical and instrumentalist understanding of knowledge-claims shows that Nietzsche's discussion of truth is not self-refuting. Nietzsche is no enemy of science but assumes a privileged position for philosophy in the hierarchy of disciplines within a broader context of cultural emancipation. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzsche-Studien Jahrgang: 45 Heft: 1 Seiten: 56-80.

This paper argues that essential features of Feyerabend's philosophy, namely his radicalization of critical rationalism and his turn to relativism, could be understood better in the light of his engagement with early Greek thought. In contrast to his earlier, Popperian views he came to see the Homeric worldview as a genuine alternative, which was not falsified by the Presocratics. Unlike socio–psychological and externalist accounts my reading of his published and unpublished material suggests that his alternative reconstruction of the ancient beginnings (...) of the Western scientific tradition motivate and justify his moderate Protagorean relativism. (shrink)

Friedrich Nietzsche has emerged as one of the most important and influential modern philosophers. For several decades, the book series Monographien und Texte zur Nietzsche-Forschung (MTNF) has set the agenda in a rapidly growing and changing field of Nietzsche scholarship. The scope of the series is interdisciplinary and international in orientation reflects the entire spectrum of research on Nietzsche, from philosophy to literary studies and political theory. The series publishes monographs and edited volumes that undergo a strict peer-review process. The (...) book series is led by an international team of editors, whose work represents the full range of current Nietzsche scholarship. (shrink)

Globalisation seems to be especially the Westernisation of the World. One of the crucial elements of (Western) European cultural identity is the reference to its scientific and philosophical inheritance. European culture is held to be rooted in ancient Greece, where a unique, historically inevitable and irreversible transition from myth to reason is thought to have taken place. I shall try to re-examine this still predominant view to clarify the elements of Western thought by comparing it with its historical predecessors in (...) ancient Greek mythology in order to discuss its Euro-centric elements. For this purpose, two questions have to be asked: What is so special about ancient Greek philosophy? And how and why did it come into being? The arguments given to solve the first question are hardly convincing. If we might not be able to give a satisfying answer, the search for the reasons to come up with something like Western philosophy are becoming more important. (shrink)

It is timely to assess Bayesian models, but Bayesianism is not a religion. Bayesian modeling is typically used as a tool to explain human data. Bayesian models are sometimes equivalent to other models, but have the advantage of explicitly integrating prior hypotheses with new observations. Any lack of representational or neural assumptions may be an advantage rather than a disadvantage.

ABSTRACT In this article, I investigate the reception of Richard Schacht's Nietzsche in Germany. Despite the fact that his later work was widely acknowledged in Germany, his 1983 monograph did not receive much attention. I suggest that this is due in part to the significantly differing landscapes in the United States and in Germany during the 1980s and in part to different methodological approaches. Schacht's incentive to introduce Nietzsche to an analytically minded and generally quite hostile American audience by means (...) of extracting his arguments, not the least through extensive use of The Will to Power, did not contribute much to the contemporary focus of the founders of Nietzsche-Studien, who aimed to establish a professionalized reconstructive Nietzsche-research based on the critical edition of Colli and Montinari. However, in my concluding remarks I argue that Schacht's balancing approach and his notion of discourse-relative truth might serve intercontinental dispute about Nietzsche better than some currently more striking alternatives. (shrink)

Without inductive reasoning, we couldn't generalize from one instance to another, derive scientific hypotheses, or predict that the sun will rise again tomorrow morning. Despite the widespread nature of inductive reasoning, books on this topic are rare. Indeed, this is the first book on the psychology of inductive reasoning in twenty years. The chapters survey recent advances in the study of inductive reasoning and address questions about how it develops, the role of knowledge in induction, how best to model people's (...) reasoning, and how induction relates to other forms of thinking. Written by experts in philosophy, developmental science, cognitive psychology, and computational modeling, the contributions here will be of interest to a general cognitive science audience as well as to those with a more specialized interest in the study of thinking. (shrink)

This paper argues that a particular philosophical and historical understanding of Ancient Greek thought is used to establish a superior Western identity of universal prevalence. Starting with the terminological differences between ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism, I then reconstruct the rise of Eurocentrism by examining the changing conceptualizations of Greeks and Barbarians in Ancient texts from Homer to Aristotle. The third section explores how Western historians of philosophy and culture have used this Greek self-understanding to legitimate the view of Western cultural superiority (...) based on universalism. Finally, I discuss several possibilities to counter this form of Eurocentric Western identity-politics. (shrink)

Ever since Aristotle cryptically mentioned the λεγοµέυοις ἀγράφοις δόγµασιυ (Physics 209b) and proposed they differ significantly from the explicit statements in the published Platonic dialogues, these so-called unwritten doctrines were objects of speculation. Given Plato’s notorious distrust in unprepared readers and the uncontrollable vulnerability of published writings to all kinds of misunderstandings, the existence of esoteric teachings seems plausible. Like his most prominent ancient counterpart, Nietzsche displays severe reservations against hasty readers, too, and his usage of literary devices and all (...) kinds of masks, as well as his explicit advice to a “reader, how I deserve him” (EH “Books” 5), indicate .. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Internationales Jahrbuch für philosophische Anthropologie Jahrgang: 7 Heft: 1 Seiten: 103-120.

This chapter talks about the love story that defines Anna and Elsa's relationship in Frozen. At its core, the story of Frozen is about two sisters who love one another but cannot be together. As children, then as adults, a heavy door keeps Anna and Elsa apart. In her willingness to speak despite their separation, Anna reveals a hint of the true love that will later save both Elsa's life and her own. Anna turns away from Kristoff to protect Elsa (...) from Hans. As Hans swings his sword, which condenses all of the masculine‐defined tropes in anger, to kill Elsa. When Anna shatters Han's sword, people finally realize the power of true love. Anna overcomes fear and puts her sister's safety before her own. The act of true love that saves Anna is her own loving act for her sister. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to point out significant similarities and productive dissonances between Marx and Nietzsche. My thesis is that these two thinkers have much more in common as is usually acknowledged. After a prove that Nietzsche most certainly know Marx, I develop several aspects of commonality. Both pursue philosophical projects of critical transformation, employ a hermeneutics of suspicion beyond good and evil, propose a naturalized anthropology and historical reconstructions. The final passages discuss their respective views on capitalism (...) and socialism. The similarities as well as the differences between Marx and Nietzsche could serve as a productive resource and inspiration in our contemporary attempts to understand the world we live in. (shrink)

The great advantage of Tenenbaum and Griffiths's model is that it incorporates both specific and general prior knowledge into category learning. Two phenomena are presented as supporting the detailed assumptions of this model. However, one phenomenon, effects of diversity, does not seem to require these assumptions, and the other phenomenon, effects of sample size, is not representative of most reported results. [Tenenbaum & Griffiths].

Three experiments examined the influence of argument length on plausibility judgements, in a category-based induction task. The general results were that when arguments were logically invalid they were considered stronger when they were longer, but for logically valid arguments longer arguments were considered weaker. In Experiments 1a and 1b when participants were forewarned to avoid using length as a cue to judging plausibility, they still did so. Indeed, participants given the opposite instructions did not follow those instructions either. In Experiment (...) 2 arguments came from a reliable or unreliable speaker. This manipulation affected accuracy as well as response bias, but the effects of argument length for both reliable and unreliable speakers replicated Experiments 1a and 1b. The results were analysed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and modelled using multidimensional signal detection theory (SDT). Implications for models of category-based inductive reasoning, and theories of reasoning more generally, are discussed. (shrink)

Fragt man heute Vertreter verschiedener Disziplinen nach der Bedeutung des Hannoveraner Universalgelehrten Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, so hort man jeweils immer wieder: Leibniz hat Bedeutendes fur unser Fach geleistet. Leibniz beeindruckt nicht nur durch die Exzellenz seiner Leistung, sondern auch durch die Breite seiner Betatigungsfelder. Der aus einer Ringvorlesung an der Leibniz Universitat Hannover hervorgegangene Band fuhrt nun an die Vielfalt der von Leibniz ausgehenden der Leistungen und Anregungen heran. Insbesondere behandeln die Beitrage die Bedeutung von Leibniz fur die Geschichtswissenschaft, die (...) Theologie, die Philosophie, die Rechtswissenschaft und Juristerei, die Politikberatung, das Versicherungswesen, die Mathematik, die Ingenieurwissenschaften und die Sprachwissenschaft. Abgerundet wird der Band durch eine Einfuhrung von Werner Eisner und eine biographische Skizze aus der Feder von Eike Christian Hirsch. (shrink)

Nietzsche ist trotz seiner selbst attestieren Unzeitgemäßheit auch ein Kind seiner Zeit. Seine Philosophie entsteht im Kontext des 19. Jahrhunderts, der Zeit des rasanten Aufstiegs der Naturwissenschaften als Instrumente der praktischen und theoretischen Gestaltung der Welt. Während die Naturwissenschaften zunehmend an kultureller Hegemonie gewinnen, ringen die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften um ein entsprechendes disziplinäres Selbstverständnis, aber in allen Feldern zeigt sich eine bemerkenswerte Dynamik. Diese Entwicklungen ziehen massive weltanschauliche Auseinandersetzungen nach sich, um Materialismus, Reduktionismus und Evolution, aber auch um die Möglichkeiten (...) und Aussichten menschlicher Wahrheitserkenntnis. Nietzsches Philosophie steht zeitlich und inhaltlich inmitten dieses Spannungsfeldes und ist von verschiedenen Wirkungslinien beeinflusst. Diese Entwicklungen und ihre Bedeutung für Nietsches Werk werden hier in 18 Artikeln zu den zentralen Disziplinen wie etwa Medizin und Physik, Philologie und Religionswissenschaft, Ökonomie und Psychologie von ausgewiesenen internationalen Experten erörtert. Ergänzt wird der Band durch einleitende Übersichtsartikel und Indizes. (shrink)

Typically, the first decade of Friedrich Nietzsche's career is considered a sort of précis to his mature thinking. Yet his philological articles, lectures, and notebooks on Ancient Greek culture and thought - much of which has received insufficient scholarly attention - were never intended to serve as a preparatory ground to future thought. Nietzsche's early scholarship was intended to express his insights into the character of antiquity. Many of those insights are not only important for better understanding Nietzsche; they remain (...) vital for understanding antiquity today. Interdisciplinary in scope and international in perspective, this volume investigates Nietzsche as a scholar of antiquity, offering the first thorough examination of his articles, lectures, notebooks on Ancient Greek culture and thought in English. With eleven original chapters by some of the leading Nietzsche scholars and classicists from around the world and with reproductions of two definitive essays, this book analyzes Nietzsche's scholarly methods and aims, his understanding of antiquity, and his influence on the history of classical studies. (shrink)

Kant's contribution to modern Protestant theology is as unmistakable as it is controversial. The authors of this volume are investigating a new perspective on the work of theology and the effects of Kant's philosophy of religion concentrated on biblical hermeneutics and dogmatic theology.

Das Konzept der Kritik in Nietzsches Philosophie ist eng mit dem Begriff der Transformation verbunden. Dekonstruktive wie auch rekonstruktive Kritik reagiert auf Probleme und Krisen und zielt darauf, Kultur, Politik, Systeme von Wissen und Macht sowie die Menschen selbst in ihren Beziehungen zu sich und zu anderen zu transformieren. Dieser Band widmet sich den analytischen, transformativen und polemischen Dimensionen der Nietzsche'schen Begriffe der Kritik und der Wirksamkeit seiner Kritik. Was bedeuten die Begriffe der Kritik bei Nietzsche und in welchem Verhältnis (...) stehen sie zu traditionellen Kritik-Begriffen? Ist Nietzsches Kritik emanzipatorisch, romantisch, aristokratisch, reaktionär, liberal, humanistisch, posthumanistisch? Welche kritischen Bewegungen knüpfen an Nietzsche an? In welchem Sinne kommt Nietzsche als Verbündeter feministischer, ökologischer, konservativer, pro- oder antikapitalistischer und anderer Formen der Kritik in Betracht? Namhafte Nietzsche-Forscher wie Luce Irigaray, Babette Babich, Christoph Türcke, Martin Saar, Herman Siemens und viele andere stellen Nietzsches Philosophie in ein Licht, das sein Denken über die Grenzen der Nietzsche-Forschung hinaus hoch relevant macht. (shrink)

Using national opinion survey data, this research addressed claims in political science that the American electorate is either poorly informed or dependent on party label cues. The results suggested that in situations with missing information, American voters can use their knowledge to successfully infer political party membership of candidates and vote their own party interests.