Cuento ganador en la categoría "Mini ficción" de la compilación "El covid no es un cuento".

En "Paraconsistencia y fundamentación de las matemáticas" se reformula un aspecto del programa formalista de Hilbert, problema clásico dentro del panorama de la filosofía de las matemáticas. Lo anterior se hace desde un enfoque no clásico de la lógica, particularmente desde LP de Priest. Finalizando el articulo se rescatan las virtudes de la reformulación de este problema clásico y se evalúa hasta qué punto puede ser posible hablar del programa formalista desde la luz de la aritmética inconsistente de Priest.

Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy. Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample (...) – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward. (shrink)

En The paradox of Addition and its dissolution (1969), Mario Bunge presenta algunos argumentos para mostrar que la Regla de Adición puede ocasionar paradojas o problemas semánticos. Posteriormente, Margáin (1972) y Robles (1976) mostraron que las afirmaciones de Bunge son insostenibles, al menos desde el punto de vista de la lógica clásica. Aunque estamos de acuerdo con las críticas de Margáin y Robles, no estamos de acuerdo en el diagnóstico del origen del problema y tampoco con la manera en la (...) que se proponen solucionarlo. En esta medida, en este texto mostraremos cómo la Regla de Adición sí trae problemas semánticos que pueden ser planteados desde diferentes perspectivas contemporáneas, como la extensionalidad del condicional, los principios proscriptivos y la validez conexiva. (shrink)

Appendix 1 was incomplete in the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.

The global pesticide complex has transformed over the past two decades, but social science research has not kept pace. The rise of an enormous generics sector, shifts in geographies of pesticide production, and dynamics of agrarian change have led to more pesticide use, expanding to farm systems that hitherto used few such inputs. Declining effectiveness due to pesticide resistance and anemic institutional support for non-chemical alternatives also have driven intensification in conventional systems. As an inter-disciplinary network of pesticide scholars, we (...) seek to renew the social science research agenda on pesticides to better understand this suite of contemporary changes. To identify research priorities, challenges, and opportunities, we develop the pesticide complex as a heuristic device to highlight the reciprocal and iterative interactions among agricultural practice, the agrochemical industry, civil society-shaped regulatory actions, and contested knowledge of toxicity. Ultimately, collaborations among social scientists and across the social and biophysical sciences can illuminate recent transformations and their uneven socioecological effects. A reinvigorated critical scholarship that embraces the multifaceted nature of pesticides can identify the social and ecological constraints that drive pesticide use and support alternatives to chemically driven industrial agriculture. (shrink)

In his famous 1982 paper, Allen Newell [22, 23] introduced the notion of knowledge level to indicate a level of analysis, and prediction, of the rational behavior of a cognitive arti cial agent. This analysis concerns the investigation about the availability of the agent knowledge, in order to pursue its own goals, and is based on the so-called Rationality Principle (an assumption according to which "an agent will use the knowledge it has of its environment to achieve its goals" [22, (...) p. 17]. By using the Newell's own words: "To treat a system at the knowledge level is to treat it as having some knowledge, some goals, and believing it will do whatever is within its power to attain its goals, in so far as its knowledge indicates" [22, p. 13]. In the last decades, the importance of the knowledge level has been historically and system- atically downsized by the research area in cognitive architectures (CAs), whose interests have been mainly focused on the analysis and the development of mechanisms and the processes governing human and (arti cial) cognition. The knowledge level in CAs, however, represents a crucial level of analysis for the development of such arti cial general systems and therefore deserves greater research attention [17]. In the following, we will discuss areas of broad agree- ment and outline the main problematic aspects that should be faced within a Common Model of Cognition [12]. Such aspects, departing from an analysis at the knowledge level, also clearly impact both lower (e.g. representational) and higher (e.g. social) levels. (shrink)

Recent arguments claim that behavioral science has focused – to its detriment – on the individual over the system when construing behavioral interventions. In this commentary, we argue that tackling economic inequality using both framings in tandem is invaluable. By studying individuals who have overcome inequality, “positive deviants,” and the system limitations they navigate, we offer potentially greater policy solutions.

Despite the central presence of materialism in the history of philosophy, there is no universal consensus on the meaning of the word “matter” nor of the doctrine of philosophical materialism. Dictionaries of philosophy often identify this philosophy with its most reductionist and even eliminative versions, in line with Robert Boyle’s seventeenth century coinage of the term. But when we take the concept back in time to Greek philosophers and forward onto our own times, we recognize more inclusive forms of materialism (...) as well as complex interplays with non-materialist thought about the place of matter in reality, including Christian philosophy and German idealism. We define philosophical materialism in its most general way both positively (the identification of reality with matter understood as changeability and plurality) and negatively (the negation of disembodied living beings and hypostatized ideas). This inclusive approach to philosophical materialism offers a new light to illuminate a critical history of the concept of matter and materialism from Ancient Greece to the present that is also attentive to scientific developments. By following the most important connections and discontinuities among theoretical frameworks on the idea of matter, we present a general thread that offers a rich and plural, but highly cohesive, field of investigation. Finally, we propose building on rich non-reductionist materialist philosophies, such as Mario Bunge’s systemic materialism and Gustavo Bueno’s discontinuous materialism, to elaborate powerful theoretical alternatives to both physicalism and spiritualism. (shrink)

Résumé Comme théologie pratique de libération, la prédication romérienne oppose le péché à l’oeuvre dans toute société, à l’importance d’avoir une idée claire du Salut-Libération. L’Ancien Testament lui sert de canevas pour exposer l’intention de Dieu qui est de former un peuple afin qu’il participe à l’édification d’un Règne de justice et de paix. Il insiste sur l’importance d’avoir une vision déterminée de la personne et de la mission du Jésus historique et du Christ ressuscité. Cela implique une restauration du (...) vécu ecclésial conçu désormais comme une présence organique et mystique du Christ dans l’histoire. C’est alors que les chrétiens et le peuple conscients de cette mission peuvent devenir les hérauts de Dieu par leurs attitudes et leur parole prophétique.As a practical liberation theology, Romero’s preaching opposes sin at work in the whole of society, in order to have a clear idea of salvation-liberation. The Old Testament served as the background against which he depicted the intention of God, that is, to create a people that can participate in the construction of a kingdom of justice and peace. He insists on the importance of having a clear vision of the person and mission of the historical Jesus and of the resurrected Christ. This implies a real ecclesial restoration conceived from now on as an organic and mystical presence of Christ in history. It is then that Christians and people conscious of this mission can become heralds of God as a result of their attitudes and their prophetic word. (shrink)

Avec le mouvement de professionnalisation de l'enseignement, la compétence éthique est devenue une caractéristique désirée du professionnalisme dans l'enseignement.

Facial expressions of pain may be best conceptualized as an example of an evolved propensity to communicate distress, rather than as a distinct category of facial expression. The operant model goes beyond the evolutionary account, as it can explain how the (facial) expression of pain can become maladaptive as a result of its capability to elicit attention and caring behavior in the observer.

Ovid’s poetic descriptions of Rome are not as vivid, as pictorial as one tends to suppose. In the poems from exile the lack of detail and the flat imagery seem to be programmatic. Thus, the reader’s attention is directed to the metapoetic message conveyed, by bringing into focus the role of enargeia/evidentia and the rivalry between literature and the visual arts. Evidence for this hypothesis is furnished by passages from the “Metamorphoses”, the “Tristia” and the “Epistulae ex Ponto” as well (...) as by statements concerning the ancient theory of evidentia. (shrink)

What mechanisms led to the intractable legal situation of “enemy combatants” detained by the U.S. government in Guantánamo Bay and elsewhere? And what does the role of the judiciary in the enemy combatants cases suggest about politically contentious court cases in general? This article develops a two-stage theory of political justice that is based on the U.S. post-9/11 terrorism cases. It demonstrates mechanisms by which politically contentious cases turn into political justice. Political justice in these cases is mainly the result (...) of violations of the separation of powers that are legitimized by portraying the defendants/detainees as enemies beyond the law. (shrink)

The fact that Ludwik Fleck drew his inspiration from medicine has been largely overlooked, with the exception of a few scholars. Although Fleck considered his ideas applicable to all sciences, he always insisted on the specificity of medicine. To illustrate the usefulness of Fleck’s concepts for the history of medicine, three main ideas developed by Fleck are applied to the historical study of diabetes mellitus : first, that different and often divergent pictures of disease coexist within a given culture; second, (...) that scientific ideas circulate between ‘esoteric’ and ‘exoteric’ circles; and third, that scientific concepts are often incommensurable. The author also suggests that Fleck’s epistemology, like other scholars’, is loaded with ethical and political consequences. However, the link between an ‘open’ epistemology and political or ethical questions is more explicit in Georges Canguilhem’s pioneering work on the normal and the pathological . Indeed, Canguilhem and Fleck’s conceptions of disease have much in common, so that we can use Canguilhem’s work to bring out the hidden ethical and political issues in Fleck’s work. (shrink)

In the light of the modern idea of a sovereign and self-transparent subject, the paper evaluates the philosophical and ethical relevance of Bildung. As a first step, (the early) Nietzsche's and Adorno's criticism of Bildung is explicated, a criticism based upon the thinkers' critical stance towards the modern epistemological relation of subject and object. However, neither thinker abandons the concept of Bildung. The second part of the paper accordingly reconstructs Nietzsche's and Adorno's adherence to Bildung understood as a different relationship (...) of subject and object within Bildung. In the paper's concluding reflections there is an attempt to assess the systematic educational consequences, and to shed light on the ethical relevance, of a non-transparent subject of Bildung. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Jahrgang: 58 Heft: 2 Seiten: 190-205.

The target article emphasizes the need to identify psychological mechanisms underlying grandparental investment, particularly in low-risk family contexts. We extend this approach by addressing the changing demands of balancing work and family in low-risk families. Taking a lifespan psychological perspective, we identify additional motivators and potential benefits of grandparental investment for grandparents themselves and for subsequent generations.

Cross-sectional studies indicate that normal aging is accompanied by decreases in brain structure. Longitudinal studies, however, are relatively rare and inconsistent regarding their outcomes. Particularly the heterogeneity of methods, sample characteristics and the high inter-individual variability in older adults prevent the deduction of general trends. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare longitudinal age-related changes in brain structure in two large independent samples of healthy older adults ; the Longitudinal Healthy Aging Brain database project at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, (...) and 1000BRAINS at the Research Center Juelich, Germany. Annual percentage changes in the two samples revealed stable to slight decreases in cortical thickness over time. After correction for major covariates, i.e., baseline age, sex, education, and image quality, sample differences were only marginally present. Results suggest that general trends across time might be generalizable over independent samples, assuming the same methodology is used, and similar sample characteristics are present. (shrink)

Neste texto Claude Lacaille reflete sobre o exercício de seu sacerdócio no contexto do aggiornamento promovido pelo Concílio Vaticano II. Para tanto, o autor busca identificar os maiores feitos da assembléia conciliar, entre eles, especialmente, o novo papel desempenhado pelas Sagradas Escrituras na piedade católica e a redefinição da Igreja como Povo de Deus. Essa realidade produz grande dinamismo com as Comunidades Eclesiais de Base que enfretaram e resistiram à opressão, inspiradas na experiência do Deus do Êxodo. Leónidas Proaño, Oscar (...) Romero e tantas mulheres e homens tornaram-se mártires como os profetas bíblicos, anunciando a liberdade e denunciando a opressão, comprometidos com a causa dos pobres, a serviço da solidariedade e disponíveis a acolher o dom de Deus. Segundo Lacaille, os feitos do concílio estão ocultados e desvirtuados, porém o autor convida à atitude esperançosa frente aos desafios que o Vaticano II foi convocado a responder, firmes na liberdade de Cristo. Palavras-chave: Vaticano II. Bíblia. Povo de Deus. Comunidades Eclesiais de Base.In this paper, Claude Lacaille reflects on the practice of his priesthood within the context of the aggiornamento promoted by Vatican II. For this purpose, the author seeks to identify the greatest achievements of the Council, especially the new role of Scripture in Catholic piety such as the redefinition of the Church as People of God. This reality has produced significant dynamism through the Basic Ecclesial Communities who have faced and resisted oppression, inspired by the experience of God from the Book of Exodus. The text brings up a picture of some characters as Leonidas Proaño, Oscar Romero and other men and women who became martyrs as the prophets. The biblical prophets, as martyrs, announced freedom, denounced oppression, committed themselves to the cause of the poor and solidarity, and became available to the gift of God. According to the author, the achievements of the council are hidden and distorted. Yet despite this distortion, the author urges people to a hopeful attitude to the challenges that Vatican II addressed and sought to answer, grounded in the freedom of Christ. Keywords : Vatican II. Bible. People of God. Christian base communities. - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n24p1334. (shrink)

COVID-19 confronted many people with an abrupt shift from their usual working environment to telework. This study explores which job characteristics are perceived as most crucial in this exceptional situation and how they differ from people’s previous working conditions. Additionally, we focus on job crafting as a response to this situation and how it is related to employees’ well-being. We conducted an online survey with N = 599 participants, of which 321 reported that they were telework newcomers. First, we asked (...) participants to indicate the three most important advantages and disadvantages they see in telework. The subsequent questionnaire contained a comprehensive measure of working conditions before and during the pandemic, job crafting behaviors, and indicators of well-being. Based on the qualitative answers, we identified three major advantages and disadvantages. Quantitative results indicate perceived changes in all job characteristics for telework newcomers. Concerning working conditions and well-being, job crafting activities that aim to increase structural and social resources are important mediators. The findings underline the need to design appropriate telework conditions and encourage job crafting activities to foster occupational well-being. (shrink)

Le premier Wittgenstein expose dans le Tractatus une philosophie des sciences marquée par le conventionnalisme complété d’un certain vérificationnisme assuré par la logique de l’ Abbildung. Pour autant il ne développe aucune idéologiste scientiste. A partir de 1929, sa philosophie prend un tournant grammatical : la « grammaire » de la science comporte non seulement les lois logiques, mais aussi la partie théorique des sciences de la nature. L’assimilation des grandes théories (Copernic, Darwin, Freud) à des « vues synoptiques » (...) rassemblant une quantité de phénomènes, comme les paradigmes de Kuhn, n’empêche pas Wittgenstein de donner à sa philosophie le tour d’un incontestable réalisme (au sens de Cora Diamond). La dernière partie de ce texte essaie d’apprécier, à partir de Wittgenstein, les différences et les relations entre science et philosophie dans le naturalisme contemporain. (shrink)

Les sciences cognitives ont redonné de l’actualité au vieux problème des localisations cérébrales, qui a souvent été un motif à plaisanteries. Quant à la question plus philosophique de la localisation de l’esprit, des auteurs comme Peirce, James, Wittgenstein et actuellement Vincent Descombes, ont imaginé délocaliser l’esprit, pour mieux réputer dénuée de sens l’idée même d’un lieu du mental et critiquer le localisationnisme qu’on retrouve chez les cogniticiens aujourd’hui.

La psychanalyse de famille et de couple prend en compte le corporel pulsionnel, les ressentis, le sensoriel, les comportements, dans le champ transféro-contretransférentiel et intertransférentiel. Dans la rencontre intersubjective, patients et thérapeutes sont dans la co-émotionalité. La médiation, fréquemment utilisée en séance familiale ou de couple, vise à mobiliser dans l’ici et maintenant des affects, des sensations, pour aller vers l’émotion partagée. Elle permet de passer de l’indicible, innommable, impensable, à la figuration, l’imaginaire, puis à l’ordre symbolique grâce au récit.

Bon nombre des écrits les plus originaux, et les plus méconnus, de Peirce concernent un sujet à première vue plus intéressant pour le gestionnaire de la recherche ou l'économiste que pour le philosophe, fût-il pragmatiste : l'optimisation de la recherche scientifique. Comment trouver une stratégie rationnelle permettant d'arriver à des résultats scientifiques intéressants plus vite et à un moindre coût ? Défait, c'est une nouvelle discipline que fonde en 1878, dans la discrétion, l'ingénieur du Coast Survey du Massachusetts nommé Charles (...) Sanders Peirce, plus connu aujourd'hui comme l'inventeur du pragmatisme. Son continuateur contemporain le plus notable est le philosophe américain Nicolas Rescher qui, dans Le Progrès scientifique entre autres, montre bien le déploiement de ce type de recherches au XX e siècle. (shrink)

Diese transdisziplinäre Studie betritt Neuland in der Forschung, weil sie zeigt, dass die beiden disparaten frühen Schriften Schleiermachers ”Über die Religion, Reden an die Gebildeten unter ihren Verächtern“ und die ”Monologen“ aufeinander bezogen gelesen werden können und müssen. Sichtbar wird ein Kategoriengefüge im Denken Schleiermachers, das dessen Erziehungs- und Glaubenslehre, aber auch seine Ethik und Dialektik sowie seine schulreformerischen Überlegungen als konsequente Weiterführung und Erweiterung von Reflexionsformen ausweist. Es kommt ein Schleiermacher zu Wort, der agonal argumentiert, weil er sich die (...) ”Trennung gefallen“ lässt und die ”Berührung“ der ”Vereinigung“ vorzieht. Für die Verhältnisbestimmung von Bildung und Religion heute erweist sich dieses Prinzip einer auf Polaritäten abhebenden Reflexionsbewegung als zukunftsweisend. Die Arbeit stellt die beiden Abhandlungen in einen bildungstheoretischen Kontext, der für den religionspädagogischen Diskurs fruchtbar ist. (shrink)