Despite the practical knowledge throughout the nineteenth century that citrus fruit cured scurvy, and that rickets and beriberi were diseases caused by poor diet, it was not until 1901 that animal feeding experiments led one investigator to propose the existence of 'accessory food factors,' a lack of which was determined to be the cause of some illnesses (Hopkins, 1949. In Joseph Needham and E. Baldwin (eds.), Hopkins and Biochemistry, 1861-1947: Papers Concerning Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, O.M., P.R.S., with a Selection (...) of His Addresses and a Bibliography of His Publications. Cambridge: W. Heifer and Sons Ltd). The discovery of vitamins has long been considered as a delayed discovery. This delay has been attributed to the power of the germ theory in physiology at the time. While the germ theory and theories of autointoxication certainly played a role in delaying the discovery of vitamins, I argue further that it is important to consider the difference made to physiology by understanding the vitamins’ catalytic function. The profound difference made to physiology by the vitamins’ catalytic function suggests that a vitamin concept had previously been systematically inaccessible to researchers working within the conceptual framework of Bernardian physiology. (shrink)

The spoliation of the Egyptians is an exodus theme whose interpretation is difficult and often controversial. The great cleavage lies between the thesis of a secret and dishonest action and that of an operation of definitive donations within the framework of the expulsion. The addition of the adverb ‘κρυφη’ in the Septuagint has been used to support the exit from Egypt by a secret escape with fraudulently borrowed objects. This article re-evaluates this variant by showing the limits of the status (...) that several critics hastily attributed to it. It, therefore, appears that the choice of the Greek translator corresponds to its own interpretation that does not agree with the source text from which it derives.Contribution: This article contributes to illustrate the overlap between the transmission of the text, its composition and its reception. We also discover how semantic analysis can be decisive in the evaluation of variants in the Septuagint. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound effects on all aspects of society. Families were among those directly impacted by the first measures imposed by health authorities worldwide to contain the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, where social distancing and mandatory quarantine were the main approaches implemented. Notably, little is yet known about how social distancing during COVID-19 has altered families' daily routines, particularly regarding music-related behaviors. The aim of this study was 2-fold: (i) to explore changes in (...) families' daily routine and caregivers' levels of well-being and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and (ii) to investigate whether musical behaviors of caregivers and the children under their care (aged from 3 to 6 years old) changed during social distancing. One hundred and eighty-eight caregivers residing in Brazil participated in an online cross-sectional study conducted between July and August 2020. Our findings suggest significant changes in families' dynamics during the COVID-19 outbreak, with parents (especially mothers) spending more time on childcare and a substantial decrease in caregiver's well-being. Regarding music-related behaviors, our results revealed considerable changes in caregivers' and children's musical activities at home during social distancing, including an increase in child-only musical behaviors and shared caregiver-child activities. Moreover, sociodemographic factors such as caregiver background and well-being as well as the child's disability status significantly influenced musical engagement at home during social distancing. This study captured some features of the home musical environment of middle-class families in Brazil in the first stages of social distancing restrictions during the pandemic and caregivers' role in providing an environment where musical experiences are nurtured. Further research is needed to better understand aspects such as the long-term impact of the changes of musical behaviors at home on musical parenting and families' well-being. (shrink)

In this article, I intend to show, first of all, that the metaphysical neutrality of the Logical Investigations leads to untenable consequences and even threatens the coherence of Husserl's project. In truth, Husserl's distinction between phenomenology and metaphysics and its corollary, the pure and simple exclusion of metaphysical problems - such as that of the reality of the so-called external world - from the field of nascent phenomenology, make it impossible to give a satisfactory form to a problem as central (...) to this new discipline as that of perception. However, my final word will not be on the indis-soluble link between the problems that phenomenology poses for itself and those that Husserl would like to be able to "purify" it from the outset. However permeable the boundaries between these two general directions of research may be, phenomenology and metaphysics are not equivalent. Phenomenology can even be said to contribute to formulating and solving certain metaphysical problems, starting with the idealism/realism antithesis. It is to this contribution that I will devote the second part of these reflections. (shrink)

George Frederick Stout fut, dans la philosophie du XXe siècle, le principal promoteur de la thèse à tendance nominaliste du particularisme des qualités, selon laquelle chaque propriété d'une entité individuelle quelconque est elle-même une entité individuelle. On examine ici de façon critique les arguments avancés par Stout en faveur de cette doctrine ontologique ainsi que les objections qui lui ont été adressées. N'ayant trouvé au bout du compte aucun argument décisif ni d'un côté ni de l'autre, on suggère, dans une (...) veine inspirée de Carnap, de réinterpréter la thèse originale comme une recommandation relative à l'adoption d'un certain langage.George Frederick Stout was, in twentieth century philosophy, the leading defender of the nominalistically oriented thesis of the particularisation of qualities, according to which each property of an individual is itself an individual. This paper is a critical discussion of the arguments put forward by Stout for this ontological view and of the objections raised by his opponents. Since no decisive argument is found on either side, it is suggested, in a Carnapian mood, to reconstruct the original thesis as a proposal for the adoption of a certain language. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 106 Heft: 3 Seiten: 371-397.

Fichte caractérise la seconde partie de sa Doctrine de la science de 1804 à l’aide du terme «phénoménologie», auquel il assigne une double signification: théorie de l’apparence et théorie du phénomène. Si le premier volet de sa définition rappelle la conception de Lambert, inventeur de la phénoménologie comme discipline philosophique, le second volet correspond à l’idée que se fait Kant de la phénoménologie, notamment dans les Premiers principes métaphysiques de la science de la nature. La question qui se pose est (...) alors la suivante: est-il possible d’intégrer dans une même discipline l’apparence et le phénomène? Si Fichte parvient à réunir ces deux volets dans sa phénoménologie, c’est peut-être parce qu’en cela il suit le chemin frayé par Reinhold dans ses Beyträge de 1802-1803. (shrink)

This book offers a frank and honest assessment of the opportunities and challenges ahead for both the US and the wider world, examining the leading economic, political, and social issues in the context of the several rational choice theories and the emergence of challenges to entrenched Western interests.

Entièrement remaniée pour l'occasion, une première version de ce texte est parue dans la Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie 138, 2006 : 343-354 ; une version plus développée, centrée sur la critique de Paul Ricœur, a été publiée dans l'ouvrage collectif édité par F. Gaudez, La Connaissance du Texte. Approches socio-anthropologiques de la construction fictionnelle I, Paris (L'Harmattan) 2010 : 13-28. En 1968, date-clé pour le développement des sciences humaines dans le domaine francophone, Roland (...) - 5. Première journée (...) d'études RHUTHMOS – Nouvel article. (shrink)

In an era of confessional conflict, the conscience served as a powerful mediator between God and man, directing and judging moral actions. This work aims to convey the breadth of the conscience's jurisdiction, analyzing its impact upon a variety of important aspects of early modern society: political allegiance the genre of "advice to princes" religious conformity slavery the regulation of sexual behavior gender roles and the intellectual methods of scientists.

Depuis sa découverte par Martin Grabmann en 1927, la collection de questions contenue dans le manuscrit de Barcelone, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, Ripoll 109 est devenue familière aux historiens de la philosophie et des universités médiévales. Bien qu'on s'accorde à considérer cet écrit comme un document d'exceptionnelle importance à cause des informations qu'il nous fournit sur la nature de l'enseignement dispensé dans les facultés des arts au Moyen Âge, il n'est pourtant connu que par de brefs extraits, plus (...) ou moins correctement édités, et l'on en réclame depuis longtemps la publication intégrale. (shrink)