Plant succession is a phenomenon ascribed to vegetation dynamics at the scale of the plant community. The study of plant succession implies the analysis of the species involved and their relationships. Depending on the research done, the characteristics of trees have been studied according to either static, dimensional or partial approaches. We have revised the principal theories of succession, the methods of describing structure and development of tree and relationship established between tree species' attributes and their successional status. During studies (...) of succession, we propose that the profile of plant species be completed by including the organizational attributes of their structure as well as their development dynamics. We suggest an approach to the architecture that gives a general overview of the mode of development, revealing, among other things, that a limited number of architectural models may be found in nature. We hypothesize that community dynamics, in succession, may to a certain degree arise from the dynamic nature of plant development. This line of reasoning is in accordance with the current school of thought on process structuralism. (shrink)

t. 1. Des erreurs et de la vérité.--Ode sur l'origine.--Stances sur l'origine.

Alain Badiou was born in 1937 in Rabat and Jean-Claude Milner in 1941 in Paris. They were both involved in the "Red Years" at the end of the Sixties and both were Maoists, but while Badiou was focusing all his attention on China, Milner was already taking his distance from it. Over the years, that original dispute over the destiny of gauchisme was fueled by deep, new differences between them concerning the role of philosophy and politics. In this wide-ranging (...) and compelling dialogue, these two great thinkers explore the role of politics in today's world and consider the need for a formal theory of communist political organization. Whether they are addressing the era of revolutions, and in particular the Paris Commune and the Chinese Cultural Revolution, or discussing the infinite, the universal, the name "Jew", violence, capitalism, the left, or Europe, Jean-Claude Milner's dyed-in-the-wool skepticism constantly runs up against Alain Badiou's doctrinal passion. This extraordinary debate ultimately leads to new areas of interrogation and shows that there is no better remedy for the crushing power of media-influenced thinking than the revival of the great disputes of the mind. (shrink)

Dans ce grand article paru en 1984, Jean-Claude Chamboredon livre la meilleure synthèse des débats qui se sont fait jour sur les liens entre la vie et l'oeuvre d'Emile Durkheim. Il permet de comprendre comment la sociologie française fut la science républicaine par excellence – c’est-à-dire aussi ce que doit la France à une tradition intellectuelle juive sécularisée.

Si l’on trouve dans Être et Temps comme dans les Recherches philosophiques un souci commun visant à rendre compte d’un rapport d’usage quotidien aux choses, que la tradition philosophique aurait eu tendance à méconnaître au profit de leur saisie « objective », cette similitude de surface est plutôt vue ici comme le point de départ d’une discussion : cette saisie pré-objective des choses doit-elle être approchée par une généralisation de l’idée d’interprétation-explicitation, ou bien faut-il maintenir une distinction forte entre « (...) voir » et « voir comme »?Being and Time as well as the Philosophical Investigations aim at describing the every-day relationships to « things », a dimension that the philosophical tradition had neglected, owing a metaphysical privilege to objective knowledge. But this common point between Heidegger and Wittgenstein must not hide the difference and the debate that can be worked out between the two points of view: should we generalize the idea of interpretation or keep a sharp distinction between « see » and « see as »? (shrink)

Active cultural transmission of fitness-enhancing behavior can be seen as a costly strategy: one for which its evolutionary stability poses a Darwinian puzzle. In this article, we offer a biological market model of cultural transmission that substitutes or complements existing kin selection-based proposals for the evolution of cultural capacities. We demonstrate how a biological market can account for the evolution of teaching when individual learners are the exclusive focus of social learning. We also show how this biological market can affect (...) the dynamics of cumulative culture. The model works best when it is difficult to have access to the observation of the behavior without the help of the actor. However, in contrast to previous non-mathematical hypotheses for the evolution of teaching, we show how teaching evolves, even when innovations are insufficiently opaque and therefore vulnerable to acquisition by emulators via inadvertent transmission. Furthermore, teaching in a biological market is an important precondition for enhancing individual learning abilities. (shrink)

Analysing the debate in the press concerning the most crucial and sensible point of Public Service Broadcasting in Belgium, i.e. an objective and nationwide representative news service, shows clearly that this critizing of the news has primarily a political function because its aim is not to demonstrate how subjectivc or so the news is supposed to be.Accepting and demonstrating the point that a public service organization of broadcasting is no worse for objective newsreporting than a commercial or a Dutch one; (...) it follows from this that these critics must 'hide' other interests.Strong correlations are found between this press debate and the political debate on the nature of this system and the wish to change it. Thus the press, being part of the party system in Belgium, reveals itself as an agenda-setter of political action.These results do not suggest that the press bas an ultimate influence in political matters but it certainly demonstrates that the press indicates how the debate wilt develop.Showing up the agenda-setting concept in the dynamics of politics could be a more fruitfull way to define the political functions of the mass media. (shrink)

La recherche conduite dans le cadre de la thèse de doctorat (CROUZIER 2003) a été focalisée sur l’analyse des liens professionnels tissés entre les dispositifs RASED et les équipes éducatives des écoles primaires. Nous avons co-construit les données nécessaires à leur compréhension et choisi des traitements combinant les avantages du quantitatif et du qualitatif. Nous avons en particulier retenu une approche statistique fondée sur l’analyse statistique textuelle (LEBART SALEM 1994) pour explorer le corpus construit à partir d’entretiens auprès d’un échantillon (...) de professionnels concernés par les aides spécialisées à l’école primaire. Le choix de l’approche statistique s’inscrit dans une conception du raisonnement statistique développée par J.C. Régnier (REGNIER 1998, 2002). L’opérationnalisation du traitement a été rendue possible par le recours à un outil informatique, le logiciel S.P.A.D. (Système Portable de l’Analyse des Données) du CISIA. Cet outil permet de décrypter les corpus obtenus par des méthodes d’analyse factorielle de correspondances multiples. Différentes procédures ont été appliquées aux corpus bruts puis codés. Cette approche “quantiqualitative”, apportant une plus-value interprétative, décrypte de façon singulière la complexité de la collaboration entre acteurs. Abstrac: This PhD dissertation (CROUZIER 2003) focuses on the analysis of the professional relationships between the French institutional comprehensive remedial scheme known as RASED and educational teams in primary schools. We have jointly identified the data relevant to a thorough understanding of such relationships, opting for a method of data processing combining the advantages of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. We have chiefly relied on a specific brand of textual statistics (LEBART SALEM 1994) in order to explore a corpus made up of interviews with the primary school staffs involved in the scheme. The statistical approach accords with the conception of statistical processing developed by JC Regnier (REGNIER 1998, 2002). The processing itself has been engineered thanks to CISIA’s software, known as SPAD (portable data processing system). It has enabled us to decrypt the different types of corpuses through Correspondence Analysis (CA). Both the raw and the coded corpuses have been submitted to different types of processing. The approach, combining quantitative and qualitative elements, opens up on to new powerful interpretative insights and sheds a new light on the intricate network of interaction between the people involved. (shrink)

Erratum to: Int J Semiot Law DOI 10.1007/s11196-015-9405-1Assurance de la qualité en traduction juridique: l’évaluation du processus, de la compétence et du produit dans la quête de l’équivalence.Le professeur Prieto Ramos propose un modèle holistique pour assurer la qualité de l’évaluation en traduction juridique. Fondée sur un cadre fonctionnaliste de la prise de décision, cette démarche passe par l’établissement d’une stratégie d’adéquation basée sur les paramètres juridiques et contextuels impliqués dans le processus de la traduction, de son produit au stade (...) de l’auto-révision et de l’évaluation, et dans la définition des critères d’évaluation et de la compétence attendus des traducteurs et des réviseurs. Ce modèle d’évaluation de la qualité devrait permettre d’améliorer la prédictibilité tout en réduisant la subjectivité et de hausser les standards de la pratique professionnelle de la traduction. (shrink)

À partir d’un travail de psychothérapie psychanalytique de couple, sont analysés les mouvements contre-transférentiels du thérapeute qui mettent en évidence le transfert en miroir dans une situation où le symptôme apporté par le couple représente l’élément commun.

The Tindemans report on the European union and the decision to organize direct elections for the European Parliament have been two important events in European afjairs in 1976. This article analyses the origins, developments and bearing of these two events.Although his mandate was initiated and encouraged at the highest level - that of the European heads of state -, Mr. Tindemans' attempt to propose concrete steps in order to achieve a real political union in Europe did not get through. It (...) received a rather cold reception from several states who opposed some of his proposals on different grounds.At the Conference of The Hague, Mr. Tindemans was able to get a formal support to his ideas, but no decision was taken to implement any of them.The decision to organize direct elections for the European Parliament, which can be seen as a concrete step toward the implementation of the long awaited European union, is facing the same kind of resistance at the national level. Although the Nine have all agreed to do everything possible to organize these elections in the spring of 1978, there are still unsolved problems which are both technical and political. Moreover, even if they are taking place, it is not at all sure that they will bring about substantive changes in the role and functions of the European Parliament. (shrink)

Aux initiatives actuelles pour tenter de faire de la musique avec l’intelligence artificielle, par exemple de Google ou des équipes d’Elon Musk, il manque l’essentiel : l’intention artistique et le feedback émotionnel. Telle est l’analyse de Jean-Claude Heudin, chercheur en intelligence artificielle et sciences de la complexité, mais aussi musicien et compositeur qui travaille sur un projet d’IA pour la musique électronique : Angelia.

Stage organise par le Centre d'etudes superieures de la Renaissance de Tours, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Margolin et tenu du 3 au 25 juillet.

Ce recueil vise à interroger un versant moins connu, mais essentiel, de la pensée de Gadamer, sa méditation des philosophes grecs, des Présocratiques à Plotin, qui occupe un tiers de ses œuvres complètes.

La recherche des causes apparaît à la fois comme un impérieux besoin de l'esprit humain et, sous la plume de nombreux acteurs du développement historique des connaissances, comme un obstacle. L'examen comparé des tendances majeures du raisonnement commun et des théories scientifiques actuellement enseignées fait apparaître des écarts importants quant à leur statut du point de vue de la causalité. " Donc ", " alors ", " ensuite " : ce trio de vocables résume la question que posent la part (...) de l'implication logique et celle des relations temporelles entre cause et effet. La causalité au sens où les physiciens l'entendent se distingue ainsi du lien qu'une relation pose entre grandeurs prises au même instant. Le débat rejoint ainsi la notion de fonction - et son nécessaire développement vers les fonctions de plusieurs variables - ainsi que celle des associations probabilistes entre grandeurs. Cet ouvrage invite à un examen croisé de la manière dont ce thème est abordé dans différentes disciplines (mathématiques, sciences physiques, biologie, histoire-géographie), sous le double regard de la didactique et de l'épistémologie. (shrink)

Ce texte présente le point de vue du comité de parents d’un hôpital psychiatrique affecté aux soins de longue durée dont la redéfinition de mission entraînera le congé des bénéficiaires qui seront dirigés vers des ressources extérieures. Depuis deux ans le comité s’oppose à ce transfert qui lui semble précipité, néfaste et improvisé. Le texte propose un point de vue qui met en valeur l’idée d’institution comme expression concrète et garante des principes sur lesquels repose toute société civilisée capable de (...) compassion face à ses citoyens les plus démunis. (shrink)

Leviathan-Toth, Ernesto Neto’s anti/counter-installation which could be seen hanging from the vaults of the Panthéon in autumn 2006 does not seek to exploit this national memorial as a space in which to stand as an exhibition. It responds to all of its surrounding factors – physical, aesthetic, political, and metaphysical, to attack the representative art whose constitutive-constitutional role in the republic, according to Hobbes, can be seen in Leviathan’s frontispiece. Setting up a sort of Critique et Clinique of Representation in (...) all senses of the term beginning with the short-circuit between politics and aesthetics, Neto’s operation sets its sights on the expansive dis-organisation of the multitude living under the « democratic » regime of contractual representation of which the Panthéon is the temple. It provides a body for the rhizomatic-bioenergetic perversion of the Image of the State-Machine, of the Form-State, by projecting a new infra and supra-organic type of reality which draws its « energy » from the forces of the multitudo dissoluta whose radical and vital recomposition it advocates. This work or non-work, derived from a Brazilian political-aesthetic constructivism which is undergoing redefinition, can now only take place in the context of a practice of displacement which incorporates and is constituted of the spectator-participant. (shrink)

Contemporary art was born out of the radicalization of a crisis begun by modern art , concerning the twofold sensible identity of art, which involves both its image-form and its aesthetic-form. This crisis led Matisse and Duchamp to « undo the image » inasmuch as it is defined by Form, in a kind of phenomenology of the visible and the invisible . Matisse responds to this with a vitalist energeticism which brings about an expansive constructivism of color-forces which replaces aesthetics (...) with an aesthesis. Duchamp enacts a constructivism of the signifier, in which nominalism and bachelor machinism abolish all effects of being of the sign-image and thus all aesthetic sign-making of the world. (shrink)

Résumé Claude Régy revient sur son expérience du théâtre de langue étrangère et de sa traduction, à partir de ses diverses expériences avec des linguistes tels Henri Meschonnic dont la traduction de certains livres de la Bible lui a inspiré deux spectacles. Il interroge ce faisant les questions de la lecture, du sens et de la performativité de la langue, de l’art du comédien... et du spectateur.

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

This article is a reflective narrative on dispassionate hospitality as a Christian value, referencing Mount View Methodist Church (MVMC) and its community as a practical, pastoral example. It aims to challenge bias hospitality in the Christian community, by outlining the implications of an impartial hospitality through the scriptural presentation of hospitality, placed in parallel with the belated Christmas dinner at the MVMC. In light of these insights, I propose a new holistic approach to hospitality as a Christian value perspective through (...) a pastoral narrative framework on inclusiveness.Contribution: This article challenges bias hospitality in the Christian community by outlining the implications of an impartial hospitality in Christian community as a sense of dispassionate and inclusive hospitality, even though there is still some ground work to be done in respect of the radical and hypocritical biases of extremists refusing to align themselves to the current realities of globalisation as a sense of togetherness and inclusiveness in this diverse world. (shrink)