Originally published: New York: Random House, 1972.

We investigate the effect on the complexity of adding the universal modality and the reflexive transitive closure modality to modal logics. From the examples in the literature, one might conjecture that adding the reflexive transitive closure modality is at least as hard as adding the universal modality, and that adding either of these modalities to a multi-modal logic where the modalities do not interact can only increase the complexity to EXPTIME-complete. We show that the first conjecture holds under reasonable assumptions (...) and that, except for a number of special cases which we fully characterize, the hardness part of the second conjecture is true. However, the upper bound part of the second conjecture fails miserably: we show that there exists a uni-modal, decidable, finitely axiomatizable, and canonical logic for which adding the universal modality causes undecidability and for which adding the reflexive transitive closure modality causes high undecidability. (shrink)

Electoral control refers to attempts by an election's organizer to influence the outcome by adding/deleting/partitioning voters or candidates. The important paper of Bartholdi, Tovey, and Trick [1] that introduces control proposes computational complexity as a means of resisting control attempts: Look for election systems where the chair's task in seeking control is itself computationally infeasible.We introduce and study a method of combining two or more candidate-anonymous election schemes in such a way that the combined scheme possesses all the resistances to (...) control possessed by any of its constituents: It combines their strengths. From this and new resistance constructions, we prove for the first time that there exists a neutral, anonymous election scheme that is resistant to all twenty standard types of electoral control. (shrink)

La proposition de cet article est de se saisir du « temps de l’expérience » des parcs éoliens citoyens en Frise du Nord (Allemagne) en le confrontant à la fois aux pulsations politiques des expérimentations techniques et à la fois aux rythmes des vents, comme ce qui permettrait d’en prendre soin, pour penser la continuité des épreuves de transition dans le temps mais aussi dans l’espace, dans une perspective démocratique de multiplication des expériences de transition.

Résumé L’article analyse la série photographique Danse macabre avec jeune fille de Birgit Jürgenssen selon deux axes : le concept de masque et l’enchevêtrement de deux thèmes iconographiques. En s’inscrivant dans un espace archaïsant, où apparaissent des éléments burlesques, les photographies de Jürgenssen des années 1979 et 1980 sont, comme chez Bakhtine, un éclat de rire contre la culture dominante.

Husserl and Aquinas -- Knowledge, truth, being -- Actual and ideal being, species, type, and likeness (fragment) -- Sketch of a foreword to Finite and eternal being (fragment) -- Ways to know God.

What does it mean to give a "gift"? In this timely collection, distinguished anthropologists--Maurice Godelier, George Marcus, Stephen Tyler--and philosophers--Mark C. Taylor, John D. Caputo, Jean-Joseph Goux and Adriaan Peperzak, explore an enigma that has disturbed contemporary philosophers from Marcel Mauss to Jacques Derrida.The essays included in the volume: Some Things You Give, Some Things You Sell, But Some Things You Must Keep for Yourselves: What Mauss Did Not Say about Sacred Objects by Maurice Godelie.The Gift and Globalization: A Prolegomenon (...) to the Anthropological Study of Contemporary Finance Capital and Its Mentalities by George MarcusCapitalizing (on) Gifting by Mark C. Taylor"Even Steven" or "No Strings Attached" by Stephen TylerMothering, Co-muni-cation and the Gifts of Language by Genevieve VaughanThe Time of Giving, the Time of Forgiving by John D. CaputoSeneca against Derrida: Gift and Alterity by Jean-Joseph Goux Giving by Adriaan Peperzak. (shrink)

El problema de la Subjetivación sustantiva en Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, el retorno a la ciencia nativa de Gregory Cajete como ciencia Otra, y la subjetivación adjetiva de la Naturaleza sujeto de derechos en Caroline McDonough son los aspectos que tematiza el presente trabajo; autoras y profesor cuyos aportes, aparentemente no relacionados, guardan cierto paralelismo y complementariedad para la disertación acerca de la protección a la naturaleza, que no solo puede hablar, sino que también requiere estudios y acciones afirmativas para que (...) en efecto, pueda hacerlo. Se trata de un diálogo filosófico interdisciplinario a tres voces acerca del Sujeto y las nuevas Otras (la naturaleza y la ciencia nativa) con respecto al Sujeto de Occidente. Esto, bajo el supuesto según el cual en el estudio de la protección a la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos es importante y enriquecedora la reconstrucción, resignificación y relación de los conceptos de Sujeto, de Ciencia y de Otro, en aplicación. Lo anterior se aplica al estudio y fundamentación crítico-reflexiva de los conflictos en las relaciones socio naturales. La naturaleza como sujeto de derechos es una nueva Otra y se encuentra en estado de subalternización con respecto a los poderes y saberes hegemónicos de Occidente. De igual forma la ciencia nativa es otra Otra con la cual se dialoga y se fundamenta la discusión sobre la naturaleza. La principal contribución de este artículo es proponer la categoría de subalternización para el estudio del problema de la naturaleza. De igual forma visibilizar a la ciencia nativa para el diálogo de saberes. (shrink)

Whereas the philosophy and novels of Iris Murdoch are discussed widely and thoroughly in academic and popular studies, the poetry in her novels is as yet an underresearched area. This essay offers a first attempt at classifying and interpreting Murdoch's use of poetry in her novels. My analysis shows that this poetry discloses the force of her moral thought. I argue that Murdoch's ambivalent appreciation of T. S. Eliot is a case in point.