1.t. Die Sprache. --2.t. Das mythische Denken. --3.t. Phänomenologie der Erkenntnis.

Alternative medicine is hugely popular; about 40% of the US general population have used at least one type of alternative treatment in the past year, and in Germany this figure is around 70%. The money spent on AM is considerable: the global market is expected to reach nearly US $ 200 billion by 2025, with most of these funds coming directly out of consumers’ pockets. The reasons for this popularity are complex, but misinformation is certainly a prominent factor. The media (...) seem to have an insatiable appetite for the subject and often report uncritically on it. Misinformation about AM on the Internet is much more the rule than the exception. Consumers are thus being bombarded with misinformation on AM, and they are ill-protected from such misinformation and therefore prone to making wrong, unwise or dangerous therapeutic decisions, endangering their health and wasting their money. This book is a reference text aimed at guiding consumers through the maze of AM. The concept of the book is straightforward. It has two main parts. The first, short section provides essential background on AM, explaining in simple terms what is good, reliable evidence, and addressing other relevant issues like, for instance, the placebo response, informed consent, integrative medicine, etc. The second and main part consists of 150 short chapters, topically grouped and each dedicated to one single alternative therapeutic or diagnostic method. In each of them, seven critical points are raised. These points relate to issues that are important for consumers’ decisions whether it is worth trying the method in question. Restricting the discussion to just seven points means that issues must be prioritized to those themes which are most relevant in the context of each given modality. (shrink)

The discovery of emotional value in conceptual history Resumen: Este artículo aborda histórica y metodológicamente la cuestión del papel atribuido a las emociones en la investigación de la historia conceptual. No se trata, por tanto, de la historia de la metaconceptualización de las emociones ni de la historia de las propias emociones. Me gustaría rastrear una vertiente conceptual de la larga prehistoria de la historia de los conceptos y la semántica histórica, a saber, la del concepto de valor emocional. Junto (...) a este concepto, la atención se centra también en la carga sentimental y afectiva de los conceptos, que no puede describirse con predicados semánticos, pero que es esencialmente responsable de la posición de los conceptos en el discurso, de su ascenso y decadencia. Mi impresión es que tanto el concepto como el problema del valor emocional de un término han ido retrocediendo en la historia conceptual koselleckiana. En el artículo también se presentan las consideraciones de por qué esto es así.: This article approaches historically and methodologically the question of the role attributed to emotions in conceptual history research. It is therefore neither about the history of the metaconceptualization of emotions nor about the history of emotions themselves. I would like to trace one conceptual strand of the long prehistory of the history of concepts and historical semantics, namely that of the concept of emotional value. Alongside this concept, attention is also focused on the sentimental and affective charge of concepts, which cannot be described by semantic predicates, but which is essentially responsible for the position of concepts in discourse, for their rise and decline. My impression is that both the concept and the problem of the emotional value of a term have been receding in Koselleckian conceptual history. The article also presents considerations as to why this is so. Palabras clave: sentimiento, emoción, historia conceptual, semántica histórica. Keywords: feeling, emotion, conceptual history, historical semantics. (shrink)

If cooperative dispositions are associated with unique phenotypic features (’green beards’), cooperative individuals can be identified. Therefore, cooperative individuals can avoid exploitation by defectors by cooperating exclusively with other cooperative individuals; consequently, cooperators flourish and defectors die out. Experimental evidence suggests that subjects, who are given the opportunity to make promises in face-to-face interactions, are indeed able to predict the partner’s behavior better than chance in a subsequent Prisoners’ Dilemma. This evidence has been interpreted as evidence in favor of green (...) beard approaches to the evolution of human cooperation. Here we argue, however, that the evidence does not support this interpretation. We show, in particular, that the existence of conditional cooperation renders subjects' choices in the Prisoners’ Dilemma predictable. However, although subjects predict behavior better than chance, selfish individuals earn higher incomes than conditional cooperators. Thus, although subjects may predict other players’ choices better than chance evolution favors the selfish subjects, i.e., the experimental evidence does not support the green beard approach towards the evolution of cooperation. (shrink)

The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA provided opportunities for women to conduct research in the late 19th and early 20th century at a time when many barriers existed to their pursuit of a scientific career. One woman who benefited from the welcoming environment at the MBL was Mary Jane Hogue. Her remarkable career as an experimental biologist spanned over 55 years. Hogue was born into a Quaker family in 1883 and received her undergraduate degree from Goucher College. She (...) went to Germany to obtain an advanced degree, and her research at the University of Würzburg with Theodor Boveri resulted in her Ph.D.. Although her research interests included experimental embryology, and the use of tissue culture to study a variety of cell types, she is considered foremost a protozoologist. Her extraordinary demonstration of chromidia in the life history of a new species of Flabellula associated with diseased oyster beds is as important as it is ignored. We discuss Hogue’s career path and her science to highlight the importance of an informal network of teachers, research advisors, and other women scientists at the MBL all of whom contributed to her success as a woman scientist. (shrink)

Pour éclaircir problème de la science fondamentale, on doit s’assurer qu’il n’y a pas, dans le champ actuel de la science, de science spéciale qui puisse faire fonction, pour toutes les autres, de science fondamentale. Une vraie science fondamentale générale pourrait se développer à partir de la théorie actuelle des sciences, si cette théorie était méthodiquement construite. А côté, il у a une science fondamentale partielle qui consiste dans la pénétration réciproque des diverses sciences spéciales et de leur méthode. II (...) у a encore un aspect ontologique et un aspect pédagogique du problème. La valeur n’est pas une base pour la science fondamentale. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 96 Heft: 1 Seiten: 287-288.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

A la fin du xviiie siècle, Jeremy Bentham invente le concept de législation indirecte pour penser d’autres modes de régulations dans l’état utilitariste qu’il construit. Ces formes normantes de contrôle se retrouvent à la fois dans la biopolitique de Michel Foucault et dans les mécanismes de régulation post-modernes (nudges, architecture de choix, New Management, etc.). Deux éléments sont communs à cette variété d’instruments : la collecte d’information et le gouvernement par l’image. Le premier permet la diffusion de la connaissance pour (...) aider la prise de décision, la mise en place d’objectifs et la modification des comportements. Le second montre que les individus se conforment à une conduite parce qu’ils craignent le jugement, réel ou imaginé, de leurs pairs. (shrink)

Die in diesem Band als 'Beilagen' wiedergegebenen Manuskripte gehören formal wie systematisch zu demselben Konvolut aus dem Nachlaß, dessen grundlegenden Teil über Basisphänomene (s. ECN 1) Cassirer ebenfalls in seiner Schrift über Ziele und Wege der Wirklichkeitserkenntnis (s. ECN 2) nutzt. Cassirers wechselseitige interne Verweisungen vom Manuskript zur Geschichte auf einzelne dieser Lagen und vice versa rechtfertigen den Abdruck dieser Manuskripte zu einzelnen Kategorien des in den Geschichts- und Mythos-Manuskripten behandelten Zusammenhangs. Inhalt: Der Begriff der Form als Problem der Philosophie (...) (Vortrag, Berlin 1924); Über Sprache und Denken (Vortrag, London 1927); Entwürfe und Vorarbeiten zur Philosophie der symbolischen Formen: a) Prägnanz, symbolische Ideation; b) Präsentation und Repräsentation; c) Allgemeines zur Gestaltpsychologie (1927-1929); Zum Symbolproblem (Vortrag, Zürich 1932 / Utrecht 1935); Vom Einfluß der Sprache auf die naturwissenschaftliche Begriffsbildung (Vortrag, London 1935); Beilage: Grundprobleme der Sprachphilosophie (Vorlesung, Hamburg SS 1922, Nachschrift von Dr. Willi Meyne). (shrink)

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