Results for 'Inference, Perception, Nominalism, Negation,'

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  1. Theory of Apoha.Ramanath Pandey - 2010 - The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies 11:91-116.
    The present paper, ‘Theory of Apoha on the basis of the Pramanasamuccaya’, is based upon Dingnaga's principal philosophical treatise called Pramanasamuccaya and its commentary vritti . The main aim of this paper is to come to an understanding of Dingnåga's views on the doctrine of apoha (anyapoha), which seems to be most important to interpret the conventional signs that are of the words and sentences of human speech which are used by man conventionally. Thus the central concern of this doctrine (...)
     
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  2.  48
    Self-knowledge: Inference, perception and articulation.John D. Greenwood - 1990 - Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 10 (2):39-48.
    Since the demise of "introspective psychology" in the early part of this century, psychologists have been highly skeptical of agent accounts of their psychological states. The conventional wisdom is that empirical studies such as those documented by Nisbett and Wilson and Nisbett and Ross have demonstrated that self-knowledge of beliefs, emotions, motives etc. is indirect and regularly inaccurate. Although for many years philosophers supported an essentially Cartesian conception of self-knowledge as direct and certain, in recent times many have joined the (...)
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  3.  63
    Perception et négation.Pavlos Kontos - 1995 - Études Phénoménologiques 11 (22):51-80.
  4. Understanding the object.Property Structure in Terms of Negation: An Introduction to Hegelian Logic & Metaphysics in the Perception Chapter - 2019 - In Robert Brandom (ed.), A Spirit of Trust: A Reading of Hegel’s _phenomenology_. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
     
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  5. Perception as Unconscious Inference.Gary Hatfield - 2002 - In D. Heyer (ed.), Perception and the Physical World: Psychological and Philosophical Issues in Perception. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 113--143.
    In this chapter I examine past and recent theories of unconscious inference. Most theorists have ascribed inferences to perception literally, not analogically, and I focus on the literal approach. I examine three problems faced by such theories if their commitment to unconscious inferences is taken seriously. Two problems concern the cognitive resources that must be available to the visual system (or a more central system) to support the inferences in question. The third problem focuses on how the conclusions of inferences (...)
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  6.  29
    The Buddhist Pramāṇa-Epistemology, Logic, and Language: with Reference to Vasubandhu, Dignāga, and Dharmakīrti.Hari Shankar Prasad - 2023 - Studia Humana 12 (1-2):21-52.
    As the title of the present article shows, it highlights the three philosophically integrated areas – (1) pramāṇa-epistemology (theory of comprehensive knowledge involving both perception and inference), (2) logic (although a part of pramāṇa-epistemology, it has two modes, namely, inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning), and (3) language (or semantics, i.e. the double negation theory of meaning, which falls under inference). These are interconnected as well as overlapping within the Buddhist mainstream tradition of the process philosophy as opposed to the substantialist (...)
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  7. Perception and inferences.Rudolf Haller - 1974 - Ajatus 36:166-177.
     
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  8.  22
    Negation and Free Choice Inference in Child Mandarin.Haiquan Huang, Peng Zhou & Stephen Crain - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    In sentences with internal negation, Free Choice Inferences (FCIs) are cancelled (Chierchia 2013). The present study investigated the possibility that FCIs are negated, not cancelled, by external negation. In previous research, both Mandarin-speaking children and adults were found to license FCIs in affirmative sentences with a modal verb and the disjunction word huozhe ‘or’ (Zhou, Romoli & Crain 2103). The present study contrasted internal versus external negation in sentences that contained all the ingredients needed to license FCIs. Four experiments were (...)
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  9.  26
    Berkeley's Thought (review).Gary L. Cesarz - 2001 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 39 (2):297-299.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 39.2 (2003) 297-299 [Access article in PDF] Pappas, George S. Berkeley's Thought. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. Pp. xi + 261. Cloth, $39.95. Pappas' work is a judicious interpretation of three major themes in Berkeley's thought: his denial of abstract general ideas, theory of immediate perception, and appeal to common sense. Pappas modestly characterizes his aim to illuminate how these themes are connected (...)
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  10.  40
    Scribam ipse de me : The Personality of the Narrator in Caesar's Bellum Civile.Luca Grillo - 2011 - American Journal of Philology 132 (2):243-271.
    This article analyzes the strategies by which the narrator of Caesar's Bellum Civile constructs his authority and promotes his version of the civil war. Despite being generally omnipresent, omniscient and un-intrusive, the narrator can abandon his covert position and all-encompassing knowledge and use multiple devices to guide the readers' perception of salient events. Switches of focalization, inferred motivation, presentation through negation and intratextual echoes color the narrative of key episodes, such as the negotiations of peace with Pompey in Book 1 (...)
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  11.  42
    Muhammed b. Yûsuf es-Senûsî’nin Kel'm Anlayışında M'rifetullah-Akıl İlişkisi.Ahmet Çelik - 2017 - Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 21 (2):1355-1382.
    : Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Sanūsī, who was one of the theologian of later Muslim Asʿharī theologians, is one of the scholar came to the fore in Maghrib. Although al-Sanūsī shapes his thoughts within the Asʿharī’s kalam system, he presents new contributions to this system with his own unique perspective. In particular, his effort to give importance to reason in maʿrifat Allāh is remarkable. According to him, maʿrifat Allāh can only be reached with reflection. Also the reflection is waʿẓ or contexture (...)
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  12.  51
    Sociolinguistic Perception as Inference Under Uncertainty.Dave F. Kleinschmidt, Kodi Weatherholtz & T. Florian Jaeger - 2018 - Topics in Cognitive Science 10 (4):818-834.
    Social and linguistic perceptions are linked. On one hand, talker identity affects speech perception. On the other hand, speech itself provides information about a talker's identity. Here, we propose that the same probabilistic knowledge might underlie both socially conditioned linguistic inferences and linguistically conditioned social inferences. Our computational–level approach—the ideal adapter—starts from the idea that listeners use probabilistic knowledge of covariation between social, linguistic, and acoustic cues in order to infer the most likely explanation of the speech signals they hear. (...)
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  13.  35
    Semantic Aspect of Buddhist Logic with Special Reference to Dinnaga and Dharmakirti.Pramod Kumar - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 6:167-183.
    Buddhist logicians have rejected the reality of universals on the one hand, and, on the other hand, given a substitute in the form of the doctrine of Apoha. The doctrine of apoha first appears in Dinnaga’s Pramanasamuccaya, according to which words and concepts are negative by their very nature. They proceed on thebasis of negation. They express their own meaning only by repudiating their opposite meaning. The Buddhist logicians talk of two types of knowledge, viz., pratyaksa, which is non- relational (...)
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  14. Are there mental inferences in direct perceptions?Dan D. Crawford - 1982 - American Philosophical Quarterly 19 (1):83-92.
    While there is virtually a consensus among contemporary philosophers of perception that some form of direct realism is true, there is less than complete agreement about whether normal, direct perceptions involve mental inferences in any sense. In taking another look at this recurrent question, my aim is twofold: first, to examine some of the arguments and evidences that have been offered in favor of inferences and to see if they can be accommodated within the direct realist framework, and second, to (...)
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  15.  22
    9. Perceptions of discrimination, effort to obtain psychological balance, and relative wages: can we infer a happiness gradient?Arthur Goldsmith - 2009 - In Amitava Krishna Dutt & Benjamin Radcliff (eds.), Happiness, Economics and Politics: Towards a Multi-Disciplinary Approach. Edward Elgar. pp. 202.
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  16.  5
    Perception as Bayesian Inference.David C. Knill & Whitman Richards (eds.) - 1996 - Cambridge University Press.
    In recent years, Bayesian probability theory has emerged not only as a powerful tool for building computational theories of vision, but also as a general paradigm for studying human visual perception. This book provides an introduction to and critical analysis of the Bayesian paradigm. Leading researchers in computer vision and experimental vision science describe general theoretical frameworks for modeling vision, detailed applications to specific problems and implications for experimental studies of human perception. The book provides a dialogue between different perspectives (...)
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  17. Deductive inference and aspect perception.Arif Ahmed - 2010 - In Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations: A Critical Guide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Deductive inference seems to reveal semantic connections between their premise(s) and conclusion that were there all along. This looks inconsistent with Wittgenstein's later views on meaning. The paper argues that W's treatment of aspects suggests a Wittgensteinian treatment of deduction that accommodates the troublesome phenomenon without conceding its force.
     
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  18. Moral perception, inference, and intuition.Daniel Wodak - 2019 - Philosophical Studies 176 (6):1495-1512.
    Sarah McGrath argues that moral perception has an advantage over its rivals in its ability to explain ordinary moral knowledge. I disagree. After clarifying what the moral perceptualist is and is not committed to, I argue that rival views are both more numerous and more plausible than McGrath suggests: specifically, I argue that inferentialism can be defended against McGrath’s objections; if her arguments against inferentialism succeed, we should accept a different rival that she neglects, intuitionism; and, reductive epistemologists can appeal (...)
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  19. Reality and Negation - Kant's Principle of Anticipations of Perception.Marco Giovanelli - 2011 - Springer.
  20.  43
    Beyond Inference in Perception.Stephen P. Stich - 1982 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1982 (2):553-560.
    The controversy over inference in perception turns on the nature of the processes that intervene between the stimulus and the perceptual experience or percept. Should the processes be viewed as something like inference and computation, or should they be viewed as psychologically primitive mechanisms whose workings are best accounted for at a neurological or physiological level? It is argued that the view that computational and inference-like processes play a role in perceptual processes should be adopted.
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  21.  3
    Linguistic understanding: perception and inference.Anna Drożdżowicz & Kim Pedersen Phillips - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    Consider reading the news about the recent election, taking part in a classroom discussion about injustice, or having a conversation about dinner, with your friend. In these cases, you rely on your capacity for linguistic understanding. How do we come to understand what other people communicate to us on particular occasions? In recent philosophical debates about this question, we find two broad approaches: the perceptual approach, which claims that we come to understand an utterance by employing broadly perceptual capacities to (...)
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  22.  44
    The theory of meaning in buddhist logicians: The historical and intellectual context of apoha. [REVIEW]R. K. Payne - 1987 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 15 (3):261-284.
    These supporting concepts enable us to much more adequately understand the meaning of apoha. First, a sharp distinction is drawn between the real and the conceptual; the real is particular, unique, momentary and the basis of perception, while the conceptual is universal, general, only supposedly objective and the basis of language. Second, the complex nature of negation discloses the kind of negation meant by apoha. Negation by implication is seen as disclosing the necessary relation between simple affirmations and simple negations. (...)
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  23.  48
    Perception, inference, and the veridicality of natural constraints.Manish Singh & Donald D. Hoffman - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (3):395-396.
    Pylyshyn's target article argues that perception is not inferential, but this is true only under a narrow construal of inference. A more general construal is possible, and has been used to provide formal theories of many visual capacities. This approach also makes clear that the evolution of natural constraints need not converge to the “veridical” state of the world.
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  24.  85
    The dissociation paradigm and its discontents: How can unconscious perception or memory be inferred?Michael Snodgrass - 2004 - Consciousness and Cognition 13 (1):107-116.
    Erdelyi does us all a great service by his customarily incisive discussion of the various ways in which our field tends to neglect, confuse, and misunderstand numerous critical issues in attempting to differentiate conscious from unconscious perception and memory. Although no single commentary could hope to comprehensively assess these issues, I will address Erdelyi’s three main points: How the dissociation paradigm can be used to validly infer unconscious perception; The implications of below-chance effects; and The role of time. I suggest (...)
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  25. Are Perceptions Reached by Rational Inference? Comments on Susanna Siegel, The Rationality of Perception.Christopher Peacocke - 2018 - Res Philosophica 95 (4):751-760.
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  26.  47
    Subconscious Inference in Peirce's Epistemology of Perception.Justin Humphreys - 2019 - Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 55 (3):326-346.
    Ordinary language treats reports of perceptual episodes as canonical justifications of beliefs. The challenge for empirically oriented epistemologists is to explain one's right to give credence to one's perceptual judgments. Traditionally, many empiricists have assumed that an epistemic subject is entitled only to some primitive judgments, so that judgments about kinds, modal properties, and dispositions are parasitic upon and less certain than those about the particulars given in perception. This paper contributes to an understanding of C.S. Peirce's alternative perceptual epistemology. (...)
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  27.  25
    Sensory perception is a holistic inference process.Jiang Mao & Alan A. Stocker - 2024 - Psychological Review 131 (4):858-890.
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  28.  46
    Intelligence and negation biases on the Conditional Inference Task: A dual-processes analysis.Nina Attridge & Matthew Inglis - 2014 - Thinking and Reasoning 20 (4):454-471.
    We examined a large set of conditional inference data compiled from several previous studies and asked three questions: How is normative performance related to intelligence? Does negative conclusion bias stem from Type 1 or Type 2 processing? Does implicit negation bias stem from Type 1 or Type 2 processing? Our analysis demonstrated that rejecting denial of the antecedent and affirmation of the consequent inferences was positively correlated with intelligence, while endorsing modus tollens inferences was not; that the occurrence of negative (...)
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  29.  24
    From perception to preference and on to inference: An approach–avoidance analysis of thresholds.Shenghua Luan, Lael J. Schooler & Gerd Gigerenzer - 2014 - Psychological Review 121 (3):501-525.
  30.  49
    Inferring causes during speech perception.Linda Liu & T. Florian Jaeger - 2018 - Cognition 174 (C):55-70.
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  31.  29
    Critically Civic Teacher Perception, Posture and Pedagogy: Negating Civic Archetypes.Kevin Russel Magill - 2019 - Journal of Social Studies Research 43 (2):159-176.
    Critical pedagogy is an optimistic approach for achieving transformative agency, which remains an elusive and vital aspect of civic education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the pedagogical approach of three critically identifying teachers. Specifically, this study was interested in understanding participant teacher critically civic ontological postures. The posture implies an understanding of the power inherent to civic relation and pedagogy. Participant teachers uniquely demonstrated postures that allowed them to address conceptual, personal, and material aspects of civics (...)
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  32.  51
    Perception, Inference, and Aesthetic Qualities.Jeffrey Olen - 1979 - The Monist 62 (4):482-495.
    Joseph Margolis, a relativist with respect to aesthetic qualities, has argued that nonrelativists must produce a theory of perception capable of providing a basis for the distinction between an object’s actually possessing a specified aesthetic quality and an object’s only seeming to possess it. Although I think Margolis is probably right on the point, my concern is not with the need for the non relativist to produce such a theory; rather, it is with the need for the relativist to give (...)
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  33. The active inference approach to ecological perception: general information dynamics for natural and artificial embodied cognition.Adam Linson, Andy Clark, Subramanian Ramamoorthy & Karl Friston - 2018 - Frontiers in Robotics and AI 5 (21):1-22.
    The emerging neurocomputational vision of humans as embodied, ecologically embedded, social agents—who shape and are shaped by their environment—offers a golden opportunity to revisit and revise ideas about the physical and information-theoretic underpinnings of life, mind, and consciousness itself. In particular, the active inference framework makes it possible to bridge connections from computational neuroscience and robotics/AI to ecological psychology and phenomenology, revealing common underpinnings and overcoming key limitations. AIF opposes the mechanistic to the reductive, while staying fully grounded in a (...)
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  34.  58
    Perception and misperception of bodily symptoms from an active inference perspective: Modelling the case of panic disorder.Domenico Maisto, Laura Barca, Omer Van den Bergh & Giovanni Pezzulo - 2021 - Psychological Review 128 (4):690-710.
  35. The Inferences That Never Were: Peirce, Perception, and Bernstein's The Pragmatic Turn.Richard Kenneth Atkins - 2014 - In Judith M. Green (ed.), Richard J. Bernstein and the Pragmatic Turn in Contemporary Philosophy: Rekindling Pragmatism's Fire. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
     
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  36.  13
    Objects of sense perception in late medieval Erfurtian nominalism.Pekka Kärkkäinen - 2008 - In Kärkkäinen Knuuttila (ed.), Theories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy. pp. 187--202.
    The Buridanian view of the concrete cognition as the general characteristics of sense perception was adopted by Jodocus Trutfetter and Bartholomaeus Arnoldi of Usingen. This theory was not accepted merely on the basis of authority, but it was argued against the competing view, which appeared as legitimate inside the late medieval school of via moderna.
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  37.  38
    Inferring the meaning of direct perception.Geoffrey E. Hinton - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):387-388.
  38.  52
    Perception, inference, and mediation.Joseph Margolis - 1967 - Journal of Philosophy 64 (4):119-123.
  39.  42
    Perception versus inference.Daniel J. Simons - 2005 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (1):16-20.
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  40.  68
    The pragmatic aspects of linguistic negation: Speech act, argumentation and pragmatic inference. [REVIEW]Jacques Mœschler - 1992 - Argumentation 6 (1):51-76.
    This paper is an attempt to give a general explanation of pragmatic aspects of linguistic negation. After a brief survey of classical accounts of negation within pragmatic theories (as speech act theory, argumentation theory and polyphonic theory), the main pragmatic uses of negation (illocutionary negation, external negation, lowering and majoring negation) are discussed within relevance theory. The question of the relevance of negative utterance is raised, and a general inferential schema (based on the so-called invited inference) is proposed and tested (...)
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  41.  44
    Existence, Negation, and Abstraction in the Neoplatonic Hierarchy 1.John N. Martin - 1995 - History and Philosophy of Logic 16 (2):169-196.
    The paper is a study of the logic of existence, negation, and order in the Neoplatonic tradition. The central idea is that Neoplatonists assume a logic in which the existence predicate is a comparative adjective and in which monadic predicates function as scalar adjectives that nest the background order. Various scalar predicate negations are then identifiable with various Neoplatonic negations, including a privative negation appropriate for the lower orders of reality and a hyper-negation appropriate for the higher. Reversion to the (...)
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  42.  53
    Sex differences in the inference and perception of causal relations within a video game.Michael E. Young - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5:103575.
    The learning of immediate causation within a dynamic environment was examined. Participants encountered seven decision points in which they needed to choose which of three possible candidates was the cause of explosions in the environment. Each candidate was firing a weapon at random every few seconds, but only one of them produced an immediate effect. Some participants showed little learning, but most demonstrated increases in accuracy across time. On average, men showed higher accuracy and shorter latencies that were not explained (...)
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  43.  33
    Visual shape perception as Bayesian inference of 3D object-centered shape representations.Goker Erdogan & Robert A. Jacobs - 2017 - Psychological Review 124 (6):740-761.
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  44. Negation, anti-realism, and the denial defence.Imogen Dickie - 2010 - Philosophical Studies 150 (2):161 - 185.
    Here is one argument against realism. (1) Realists are committed to the classical rules for negation. But (2) legitimate rules of inference must conserve evidence. And (3) the classical rules for negation do not conserve evidence. So (4) realism is wrong. Most realists reject 2. But it has recently been argued that if we allow denied sentences as premisses and conclusions in inferences we will be able to reject 3. And this new argument against 3 generates a new response to (...)
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  45.  27
    Reinforcement of perceptual inference: reward and punishment alter conscious visual perception during binocular rivalry.Gregor Wilbertz, Joanne van Slooten & Philipp Sterzer - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
  46. Inference and Consciousness.Anders Nes & Timothy Hoo Wai Chan (eds.) - 2019 - London: Routledge.
    Inference has long been a concern in epistemology, as an essential means by which we extend our knowledge and test our beliefs. Inference is also a key notion in influential psychological or philosophical accounts of mental capacities, from perception via utterance comprehension to problem-solving. Consciousness, on the other hand, has arguably been the defining interest of philosophy of mind over recent decades. Comparatively little attention, however, has been devoted to the significance of consciousness for the proper understanding of the nature (...)
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  47.  19
    Inference to the Best Explanation and Extended Cognition.Frederick Adams & Kenneth Aizawa - 2008 - In Frederick Adams & Kenneth Aizawa (eds.), The Bounds of Cognition. Malden, MA, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 152–173.
    This chapter contains sections titled: What is the Theory of Enactive Perception? Noë's Evidence for Enactive Perception The Case against Enactive Perception: Paralysis Conclusion.
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  48.  28
    Negation.Heinrich Wansing - 2001 - In Lou Goble (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 415–436.
    This chapter is concerned with logical aspects of negation, i.e. with the role of negation in valid inferences and hence with the contribution negation makes to the truth and falsity conditions of declarative expressions. Negation is an important philosophical and logical concept. Often differences between logical systems can ‐ at least partially ‐ be described as differences between the notions of negation used in these logics.
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  49. Abductive inference: computation, philosophy, technology.John R. Josephson & Susan G. Josephson (eds.) - 1994 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In informal terms, abductive reasoning involves inferring the best or most plausible explanation from a given set of facts or data. It is a common occurrence in everyday life and crops up in such diverse places as medical diagnosis, scientific theory formation, accident investigation, language understanding, and jury deliberation. In recent years, it has become a popular and fruitful topic in artificial intelligence research. This volume breaks new ground in the scientific, philosophical, and technological study of abduction. It presents new (...)
  50.  54
    On cognition in perception: Perceptual coupling and unconscious inference.Julian Hochberg - 1981 - Cognition 10 (1-3):127-134.
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