Online courses attract thousands, even millions of students from all corners of the Earth. As such, they have the potential to educate many people. Education, however, is not neutral. Knowledge is embedded in contexts and perspectives, carrying ideological baggage, and so is teaching and learning. Teaching can no longer be the mere provision of content. The knowledge explosion implies that the ability to master content should become part and parcel of the course curriculum. In the same vein, the fact that (...) online courses attract students from many different contexts necessitates that lecturer and student alike should be aware of the underlying ideologies in the course content. To this end, in this conceptual article it is argued that discourse analysis of not only the written course content but also of images used to illustrate the content can be helpful; these are often not scrutinised for ideological baggage. If not, the online educated human might become the online indoctrinated human, to the detriment of all. (shrink)

This paper examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance for Islamic banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council region over the period 2000–2014 by generating CSR-related data through disclosure analysis of the annual reports of the sampled banks. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between CSR disclosure and the financial performance of Islamic banks in the GCC countries. The results also show a positive relationship between CSR disclosure and the future financial (...) performance of GCC Islamic banks, potentially indicating that current CSR activities carried out by Islamic banks in the GCC could have a long-term impact on their financial performance. Furthermore, despite demonstrating a significant positive relationship between the composite measure of the CSR disclosure index and financial performance, the findings show no statistically significant relationship between the individual dimensions of the CSR disclosure index and the current financial performance measure except for ‘mission and vision’ and ‘products and services’. Similarly, the empirical results detect a positive significant association only between ‘mission and vision’ dimension and future financial performance of the examined banks. (shrink)

The research analyzes the social ontology of the American philosopher B. Epstein. Social ontology studies the nature of the social world: what are its main elements and how they come together. There are different theories in modern social ontology: the theory of structuration, the theory of communicative action, social constructivism, critical realism. B. Epstein opposes psychological theories of social ontology and ontological individualism in explaining the social world. B. Epstein distinguishes between ontological questions about the social world and causal relationships (...) between events. The initial category of social ontology for American philosopher is a social fact. To establish a social fact, two actions are necessary: to give an ontological explanation of the existing social fact and to find facts that determine the conditions necessary for a social fact. Accordingly, B. Epstein distinguishes between two projects: the project of the foundation of a social fact and the project of fixing a social fact. The project of the foundation of a social fact provides an ontological explanation of a social fact, studies the conditions for the presence of social facts. The fixation project explores what gives rise to the conditions of the basis for social facts. The ground relation and the fixation relation are not causal relationships. A social fact must have diachronic constituent elements, which is, in particular, a test of social theory for truth. The article also discusses the theory of social facts by J. Serle. The theory of J. Serle B. Epstein refers to a psychological concept based on the collective acceptance of certain rules by the community. This position does not seem to be entirely correct, since J. Searle, in understanding the nature of a social fact, relies on social institutions, and the fact itself refers to institutional facts. (shrink)

In contrast to interreligious dialogue, which has been the subject of careful scrutiny by both Ukrainian and foreign researchers of religion, attention to interreligious organizations remains disproportionately lower than their role in public life and in the international arena. This article aims to present a systematic review of the main directions of current researches on interreligious organizations. It consistently covers four aspects: (1) the possible reasons for the previous low research attention to interfaith organizations (in particular, the impact of the (...) secularization theory and the relative "youth" of the majority of interfaith organizations); (2) the problem of interpretation the term "interreligious organizations" (e.g., expansion of the range of actors who can act on behalf of religious organizations; correlation of approaches to interreligious organizations in religious studies with the UN criteria for defining international organizations); (3) current approaches to the classification of interreligious organizations based on the pool of participants and difficulties of adapting these classifications to the Ukrainian context – untranslatabilities, changes of emphasis, national preferences and connotations; (4) functions of interfaith organizations on international arena and its challenges: threats of political instrumentalization of religion, problem of representativeness and inclusion of all actors, which is especially relevant for Ukrainian religious organizations, most of which do not have independent representation in international interfaith organizations. The conclusions outline the prospects for further study of the topic in the context of growing diversity of interreligious organizations and of the entry of Ukrainian religious organizations in the international religious field. (shrink)

The part of the system of education of academician I. P. Ivanov - the collective organizational activity is studied. Collective organizing activities (COA) is a method of organizing children’s life, when in planning, organizing and analyzing actively participates every child. We prove that the experience of participating in COA provides the development of organizational, prognostic, reflective, communicative skills of children, establishing an ability to work together, to self-regulation, the ability to make decisions. The collective organizing activity accumulates experience of democratic (...) interaction, which forms the democratic culture of the pupil. (shrink)

Predislovie. Deva, srazhennai︠a︡ luchom Logosa -- ch. 1. Ėskhatologicheskiĭ optimizm -- ch. 2. Zhenskoe Nachalo i problema subʺekta -- ch. 3. Neoplatonizm. Idealʹnyĭ grad -- ch. 4. Filosofskie fragmenty. Involi︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡ Moderna.

This paper empirically examines how consumers react when a company marks a product with a gay label. The company under scrutiny is one of the largest video game developers in the world, and the labeled product is a popular video game character. We use a regression discontinuity design to exploit the quasi-experimental setting. The main finding was significant drop in demand for this character and a return to previous levels after approximately 3 months. Possible mechanisms and dynamics were explored by (...) analyzing demand for other characters and by surveying consumers. The results are consistent after performing robustness checks based on grid search, subsampling, and placebo tests. (shrink)

The article considers the features of ensuring the economic security of enterprises in the conditions of intensive introduction of information technologies in their activities in the process of forming the digital economy. It is determined that digitalization creates important advantages for enterprises in terms of implementing a long-term strategy for their development, strengthening economic security, and achieving significant competitive advantages in doing business. It is studied that the system of economic security of the enterprise is an organized set of elements (...) of the management infrastructure of the enterprise, which are focused on ensuring stable and effective development of the business entity, neutralization, and elimination of internal and external threats. (shrink)

The importance of the adolescence in the value orientations formation as a stable personality trait associated with the shaping of worldview has always been a matter of special research attention. This article seeks to investigate the formation of teenagers’ value orientations through creolized texts. The creolized text is a text in which verbal and nonverbal components form a visual, structural, semantic and functional wholeness, aimed at a complex impact on the recipient. The authors cleared out cognitive, emotional, and behavioural criteria (...) for the formation of students’ value orientations. To determine students’ instrumental and terminal values, M. Rokeach’s method of value orientation diagnostics was used. Educational workshops aimed at altering teenagers’ values with the use of creolized texts were arranged. Examples of motivational posters and comics created by students in the process of these extracurricular activities are provided. The reflexive component is presented through students’ impressions of working with creolized texts. (shrink)

BackgroundCollecting post-mortem brain tissue is essential, especially from healthy “control” individuals, to advance knowledge on increasingly common neurological and mental disorders. Yet, healthy individuals, on which this study is focused, are still understudied. The aim of the study was to explore, among healthy potential brain donors and/or donors’ relatives, attitude, concerns and opinion about post-mortem brain donation (PMBD).MethodsA convenience sampling of the general population (twins and their non-twin contacts) was adopted. From June 2018 to February 2019, 12 focus groups were (...) conducted in four Italian cities: Milan, Turin, Rome and Naples, stratified according to twin and non-twin status. A qualitative content analysis was performed with both deductive and inductive approaches. Emotional interactions analysis corroborated results.ResultsOne hundred and three individuals (49–91 yrs of age) participated. Female were 60%. Participants had scarse knowledge regarding PMBD. Factors affecting attitude towards donation were: concerns, emotions, and misconceptions about donation and research. Religion, spirituality and secular attitude were implied, as well as trust towards research and medical institutions and a high degree of uncertainty about brain death ascertainment. Family had a very multifaceted central role in decision making. A previous experience with neurodegenerative diseases seems among factors able to favour brain donation.ConclusionsThe study sheds light on healthy individuals’ attitudes about PMBD. Brain had a special significance for participants, and the ascertainment of brain death was a source of debate and doubt. Our findings emphasise the importance of targeted communication and thorough information to promote this kind of donation, within an ethical framework of conduct. Trust in research and health professionals emerged as an essential factor for a collaborative attitude towards donation and informed decision making in PMBD. (shrink)

Significant transformations in postmodern society determine the need to form a space of digital communications and the involvement of information and communication technologies. Such trends make significant demands on various categories of professionals, including managers in the field of tourism. The aim of this research is to study the psychological peculiarities of morality in the representatives of digital Generations Y and Z in the field of tourism. In accordance with the aim, we paid attention to the study of such components (...) of moral regulation as ethics attitude, moral foundations, justice sensitivity and moral disengagement. The research involved 200 participants being represented by volunteers from five regions of Ukraine, including 100 respondents in the age of 25-30 who formed part of the Generation Y group; the other 100 participants in the age of 18-23 formed the Generation Z group. The results show that millennials are more idealistic. The intercrossing of the factors of idealism and relativism allows us to characterize millennials as situationalists, and centennials as subjectivists. It is ascertained that millennials are characterised by such important moral foundations for judgments as “Faithfulness”, “Purity”, which is reflected in the greater importance of “Ethics of community”. At the same time, it was found that centennials place more emphasis on the moral foundations of care and justice, and as a result, they are more committed to the “Ethics of autonomy” and “Progressivism”. The research confirmed the uniqueness and specificity of the moral regulation of different digital generations of representatives of the tourism industry. (shrink)

In this article, we present findings from a participatory action research program in France on the exercise of human rights and supported and substitute decision-making, inspired by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”). Bringing together persons with the lived experience of disability, academics, and health and social care and support professionals, the project used the method of “experience-based construction of public problem” to transform experience into collective expertise. This enabled the exploration of support that (...) persons in vulnerable situations, whose capacity to exercise their human rights has weakened, need to make decisions in their lives and participate meaningfully in public debate. The relationship between the awareness of rights and exercise of rights is discussed. We argue for the need to balance out the positions of different contributors in participatory action research, in a reasoned manner, by recognizing the scientific and citizen-based participation of all partners. (shrink)

Cílem studie je srovnání Platónova a Aristotelova výkladu vlastností těžké a lehké. Nejprve jsou představeny hlavní motivy obou výkladů a poté následuje srovnání z hlediska využití empirických dat, z hlediska jejich explikační síly a také co do blízkosti modernímu pojetí tíže. V závěru se ukazuje, že Aristotelova koncepce těžkého a lehkého je propracovanější a komplexnější, ovšem mnohem stručnější výklad Platónův má také značné explikační možnosti a v určitých ohledech Aristotelovu teorii předčí.

[The “Parmenides” and Plato’s theory of ideas].

In the review of 100 myšlenkových experimentů ve filozofii (2013) Jakub Mácha raises several questions concerning our approach to thought experiment analysis. We address all of his remarks; particularly, we answer three questions: Which type of imagination do we use in our definition of thought experiments? How is the cognitive aim of thought experiments related to their cognitive value? Is the analysis of Plato’s Cave proposed in our book appropriate?

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:“We all love with the same part of the body, don’t we?”Iuliia Voznesenskaia’s Zhenskii Dekameron, New Women’s Prose, and French Feminist TheoryYelena Furman (bio)Starting out as a poet who eventually turned to fiction, Iuliia Voznesenskaia was also one of the main figures of the Soviet feminist movement, a fact that makes her biography both unusual and courageous. In the 1970s, Voznesenskaia’s involvement with the dissident movement in (...) Leningrad resulted in several arrests, imprisonment, and time in the camps.1 Although she was not initially interested in women’s issues, her incarceration in all-women’s camps and prisons convinced her that “the situation of women in our country demands special attention” (“Zhenskoe dvizhenie v Rossii” [“The Women’s Movement in Russia”] 41). Along with several other women dissidents, she founded the Soviet feminist movement, putting out the samizdat women’s journal Zhenshchina i Rossiia (Woman and Russia), which precipitated immediate reprisals from the KGB. A women’s club, Mariia, and a journal by the same name followed, as did more KGB reprisals. For her feminist activity, Voznesenskaia was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1980, settling in West Germany.2In 1985, in West Germany, Voznesenskaia wrote her first and best-known novel, Zhenskii Dekameron (The Women’s Decameron). The novel is set in a Leningrad maternity ward containing ten new mothers from different backgrounds with different life experiences: Larisa, Emma, Natasha, Nelia, Galina, and Valentina are educated and all have careers except Galina, whose occupation, admittedly strange for a feminist novel, seems to be a dissident’s wife; Ol’ga works in a shipyard; Irishka is a secretary; Al’bina is an Aeroflot flight attendant doubling as an escort on the KGB’s payroll; Zina is homeless and has served time in the camps; Valentina is a Party worker, whereas Galina is part of the dissident community. Quarantined together for ten days because of a spreading infection and inspired by Emma’s reading of Boccaccio’s Decameron, the women begin to tell each other stories to pass the time. As its title makes clear, Voznesenskaia’s novel is heavily indebted to Boccaccio’s, borrowing its structure and many of its themes, such as an emphasis on storytelling and sexual explicitness. The humor and poignancy of the women’s stories make it a highly enjoyable read, and the focus on female sexuality and the author’s play with the narrative set this novel apart from other Soviet writers’ works.3 The novel also features what is surely a unique occurrence in Russian and Soviet literature: an openly feminist character (Larisa), referred to by the authornarrator as “zhenshchinoi vpolne emansipirovannoi, mogushchei ukrasit’ soboi liuboe zapadnoe feministicheskoe obshchestvo” [“a completely emancipated woman, capable [End Page 95] of adorning any Western feminist group”] (13), who is moreover depicted in a wholly positive light.4Yet despite enjoying a modicum of success, including being translated into several languages and staged as a play, Zhenskii Dekameron remains an under-read and underrated work.5 The reasons for its relative obscurity are closely allied with Voznesenskaia’s political activities in the 1980s. Exiled abroad for being politically undesirable to Soviet authorities, she could not have her work published in the Soviet Union; rather, the novel came out in Russian in Israel in 1987 (Curtis 186n2).6 The lack of visibility from which she suffered in her native country changed only in the (post)glasnost’ period: in 1991, the novel was published in Russian in Tallinn, and in 1992, in Moscow.7 Despite being able to be published, however, Zhenskii Dekameron seems not to have made a strong impact on either readers or critics, and there does not appear to be any discussion of it in Soviet/ Russian literary journals.The novel likewise suffers from a lack of familiarity in the West. The interest Voznesenskaia generated among Western European and American feminists in the early 1980s was for her feminist activism in the Soviet Union, which preceded her novel writing. Zhenskii Dekameron seems to have made a modest impact on readers; scholars, too, discuss it only occasionally. The most comprehensive treatment of the work to date has been Jerzy Kolodziej... (shrink)

[The fragmented reality of heterogenous ideas: Plato’s disturbing candour].

Предлагаемые материалы могут представлять интерес не только для специалистов, но и для широкого круга читателей.

Analizom rasprava koje su o Platonovu djelu "Država" napisali hrvatski intelektualci desne političke orijentacije u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj, autor pokušava prikazati političku misao desnice u Hrvatskoj toga vremena. Analiza se usredotočuje na način na koji su ti intelektualci koristili Platona i njegovu viziju savršene države pri legitimiziranju totalitarne države i njezinih nositelja, totalitarnih pokreta, ali i pri njihovu kritiziranju. Ni legitimizacija niti kritika koje se iz Platonova djela izvode nisu iznenađenje: organicizam i monistički totalitarizam poklapao se s naumom desnih (...) političkih pokreta onodobne Europe, ali je istovremeno nedostižnost takvog ideala mogla lako poslužiti kao izvor kritike.This analysis of works on Plato’s Republic written by Croatian intelectuals of right political wing in the Independent State of Croatia is trying to represent the political thought of rights in contemporary Croatia. Analisys is concentrated on the ways by which those intelectuals used Plato and his vision of perfect state to legitimize totalitarian state such as the Independent State of Croatia,and totalitarian political movements such as the Ustashe movement,but also to criticise them. Both legitimization and critique that can derive from the Plato’s work should not be a surprise: organicism and monistic totalitarianism coincided with the goal of right wing movements in contemporary Europe,but at the same time the failure to reach such an ideal could easily provide a source for the critique. (shrink)

Ovaj rad pokazuje kako pojam mjere, koji je jedan od najmnogoznačnijih filozofijskih pojmova, počinje dobivati etički smisao tijekom povijesnog razvoja grčke filozofije. U prvom dijelu pokazuje se kako se u Homerovim epovima riječ ‘mjera’ i srodne riječi odnose isključivo na konkretno mjerljive količine. Drugi se dio bavi mijenom značenja, koja se zbiva u pitagorovskom mišljenju. Tu se najviše pažnje poklanja povijesnim okolnostima nastanka grčkog polisa, za što je vrlina umjerenosti bila neophodno potrebna. U tom kontekstu pobliže se razmatraju Filolajevi i (...) Arhitini fragmenti, budući da oni ukazuju na političku važnost mjere i mjerenja. Treći dio posvećen je analizi relevantnog odjeljka iz Platonova Državnika u kojem Platon razlikuje dvije vrste mjerenja: brojčano i drugo, koje se može nazvati ‘deontičkim’, koje mjeri ono više i manje u odnosu na ‘pravu mjeru’ . Druga vrsta mjerenja je također i etičko mjerenje utoliko što uključuje različite prosudbe svrhe, ciljeva i prirode čovjeka.The aim of this article is to show how the concept of »measure«, which is one of the most intricate and manifold philosophical concepts, started acquiring ethical meanings in the course of Greek philosophical thought. In the first part it is discussed how the word »measure« and its cognates refer exclusively to concretely measurable quantities in Homer’s epics. The second part deals with the switch of meaning that started happening in the Pythagorean thought. In this part more attention is paid to historical references of emergence of the Greek polis for which the virtue of temperance was indispensable. In this context fragments of Philolaus and Archytas are more closely observed because they point to political importance of measure and measurement. The third part is dedicated to analysis of the relevant passage in Plato’s Statesman in which Plato distinguishes between two concepts of measurement: one numerical and the other, which can be called »deontic«, which measures more and less with respect to the »right measure« . The second kind of measurement is also ethical because it includes various judgments of purpose, goals, and human nature. (shrink)

Kako je moguće baviti se Platonom danas, ukoliko je filozofija „svoje vreme obuhvaćeno mislima“? Autor Platonovom delu ne pristupa kao dogmatskom štivu, već kao tekstu prožetom paradoksima, koje izmiče svakom unapred pripremljenom, šematizovanom modelu čitanja. Obratiti se Platonu kao filozofskoj paradigmi isplativo je ukoliko filozofi koji progovaraju iz dubine vremena mogu nešto važno da nam saopšte i ukoliko smo kadri da im postavimo autentično pitanje. Zato filozofi moraju imati dah delfskog ronioca, jer biser se ne nalazi u svakoj školjci. Knjiga (...) Iz Platonove filozofije ulazi u red značajnih knjiga posvećenih Platonovoj filozofiji. Veći deo knjige je objavljen u časopisima od svetskog ugleda (na nemačkom i engleskom jeziku). Time je njen kvalitet potvrđen recenzijama koje su nastale van domaćih koterija, a delo se samerilo sa aktuelnim pristupima Platonu. Knjiga se bavi problemima koji su formulisani u drugoj polovini prošlog veka (napisano i nenapisano učenje), preko naizgled klasičnih tema (dvostruki paradoks, utemeljenje istorijskog i političkog, eros), do tekstova koji pogađaju fenomen aktuelnosti Platonove teorije i prakse (problemi kongitivne dispozicije i bioetike u Platonovoj filozofiji). Ispred nas je Platon u dijalogu sa filozofskim strujanjima s kraja dvadesetog i početkom ovog veka. Za Irinu Deretić smisao filozofskog dijaloga leži u procenjivanju i odmeravanju stanovišta u raspravi, kako bi se vlastito stanovište preciznije artikulisalo. Ne radi se o utopijskoj komunikativnoj zajednici - već o karakteru filozofskog dijaloga, koji je upućen na unutrašnji, a ne na spoljašnji agon. Platon iz sasvim nesofističkih razloga preuzima metodu sofista kada „slabiju stvar čini jačom“. Tome je suprotna eristička (ne)kultura, u kojoj strasti imaju prevagu na davanjem bilo kakvih, „a kamoli valjanih razloga“, piše Irina Deretić. Iz problematičnosti jezika i sučeljavanja sa bliskim granicama pojmljivosti, ne mora da proizađe i slabost logosa. Naprotiv, snaga logosa je obrnuto proporcionalna sposobnošću da se odredi njegova nemoć. Granicu Platonove misli Irina Deretić jezgrovito formuliše: „Platonov jezik je sav okrenut biću, i usmeren je na saznajno ovladavanje njime. Snaga argumenta učesnika u Platonovim razgovorima upravo se sastoji u njihovoj sposobnosti da tačno pogode stvarnost na koju se odnose i koju nastoje da izraze“. Ali to vodi oblikovanju samog karaktera dijaloga: sagovornici se podređuju vođstvu „same stvari“ mišljenja. Međutim, logos nije svemoćan, i inače, a pogotovo ne za Platona. Irina Deretić insistira na autentičnom smislu nemoći logosa kao racionalnog diskursa, koji se pokazuje na odlučujućim mestima, tamo gde njegove refleksije o idejama, posebno o Ideji Dobra bivaju suočene sa granicama njihove saznatljivosti i saopštivosti. Napokon, Platonova okrenutost biću nije dovela do teorije adekvatnosti između bića i jezika, nego do isticanja paradoksa i metafore. A šta je iza njihovog vela - ništa, ili su oni, naprotiv, konstitutivni za biće, da li uopšte može biti odlučeno? U skladu sa filozofskim vjeruju Nikolaja Berđajeva, može se formulisati karakteristika ove važne i lepe knjige: Iz dubine vremena izvire sposobnost da se filozofski misli, a to onda nije u koliziji sa aktuelnim „primenama“ filozofske refleksije. Naprotiv. (shrink)

Ovaj rad predstavlja preispitivanje Makijavelijevog makijavelizma, odnosno stanovista da je Makijavelijeva politicka teorija imoralisticka. Prvi deo rada posvecen je poredjenju Platonove i Makijavelijeve politicke filozofije. U njemu se analiziraju slicnosti i razlike u delima ova dva filozofa. Autor zastupa tezu da su Platonova shvatanja politike i politicke zajednice pogubnija od Makijavelijevih, kao i da je Makijavelijevo razumevanje politike, drzave i zakona blize nacelima liberalizma, nego nacelima tiranije ili totalitarizma. Drugi deo rada posvecen je tumacenju koncepta autonomije politike i koriscenju (...) svireposti i zala kao instrumenata vladavine u Makijavelijevom delu. U ovom delu autor porice da je Makijaveli bio filozof zla i zastupnik politickog razbojnistva. (shrink)

Článek se zabývá wittgensteinovskou koncepcí následování pravidla na pozadí starých i moderních epistemických distinkcí, od Platónova rozpomínání se přes Kantovu opozici názoru a pojmu po Brandomovo činění něčeho implicitního explicitním.

Záměrem předkládané studie bylo zmapování vývoje jednoho z klíčových témat Platónovy filosofie, problematiky duše, resp. její nesmrtelnosti, která hraje v rámci Platónova vyvíjejícího se konceptu zásadní roli v oblasti ontologické a noetické. Součástí studie není jen reflexe Platónova, ale rovněž názory jeho předchůdců, z nichž tak či onak čerpá. Pozornost je věnována tradiční homérské představě, zejména pak orfismu a jeho filosofickému uchopení v předsokratovské filosofii. Studie je první částí studie obsáhlejší, která se chce věnovat genesi Platónovy noetiky, kterou jsme uchopili (...) jako cestu od konceptů, jejichž společným jmenovatelem je teorie rozpomínání, k racionálněji založené koncepci vrcholné. Právě předkládanou studií je sledováno základní východisko jeho noetiky, zejména jejích prvních podob. (shrink)

Předložená práce je textově filosofickou analýzou první části Platónova dialogu Menón, přičemž se snaží předvést, jak v konkrétním literárním díle Platónově je obsažen střet mezi silou již skomírajícího světa tradice (s jejími hodnotami lidského života), a silou jedince, který hodnoty lidského života sám pro sebe vydobyl v kritické diskusi s tradicí. Všechny tři pokusy definovat co je vlastně areté, odhalují při pečlivém rozboru pouhé rétorické střetnutí Menóna se Sókratem jako příklad střetu dvou odlišných paradigmat a sil, uvedených výše.

Osnovna namjera ovog rada je ukazati na Heideggerovo povijesno osvještavanje metafizičkog mišljenja istine kod Platona. Povijesno osvještavanje približava iskonsko iskustvo istine i čini jasnima razloge gubitka tog iskustva u metafizici. Promišljanje biti istine preko povijesnog osvještavanja Platonova mišljenja otkriva u njemu početak zaborava izvornog iskustva bitka. Pri interpretaciji Platonove Politeje Heidegger se zaustavlja na problemu zaborava bitka i s njim povezanim svođenjem neskrivenosti na neskrivenost bića. Polazeći od vlastitosti egzistencije on čini izričitom diferenciju bitka i bića te na taj (...) način otklanja zaborav bitka i dovodi u blizinu izvorno iskustvo istine.Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine Untersuchung der geschischtlichen Besinnung Heideggers über das metaphysische Denken der Wahrheit bei Platon. Durch die Verwindung der Platonischen Auslegung des Seins als Idee entdeckt Heidegger das grundlegende metaphysische Prägung des Wesens der Wahrheit in ihrer ursprünglichen Gewesenheit. Indem Heidegger die anfängliche Gestalt der Seinsvergessenheit betrachtet, bereitet er ihre Überwindung vor. In der Interpretation des Höhlengleichnisses aus der Politeia konzentriert Heidegger seine Aufmerksamkeit besonders auf das Problem der Differenz zwischen dem Seienden und dem Sein, Beseitigung der Seinsvergessenheit und des damit verbundenen Problems der Eigentlichkeit. (shrink)

Po disputacích k tématům Filosofie nepředmětnosti Ladislava Hejdánka a Nekonečnost konečnosti podle Ivana Chvatíka uspořádala Katedra filosofie Evangelické teologické fakulty UK v Praze dne 29. června 2009 v pořadí již třetí pokus o výměnu mezi domácími filosofy. Tentokrát však nebyl východiskem diskusí programový text některého z účastníků, ale Platónův výklad o nejvyšších rodech v dialogu Sofistés. Tomuto textu se zde dostalo trojí velmi odlišné interpretace, kterou bychom snad mohli vzdáleně přirovnat k liternímu, morálnímu a alegorickému neboli naukovému pochopení posvátného textu (...) Písma. Filip Karfík nabízí co možná přesný výklad Platónova textu, Štěpán Špinka sleduje etické implikace Platónovy ontologie, konečně Pavlu Koubovi je pasáž ze Sofisty záminkou pro velmi zajímavé vyrovnání s Heideggerovým pojetím bytí v jeho rozštěpu na bytí jsoucna výskytového a bytí pobytu, o to zajímavější, že je provedeno prostředky Heideggerova vlastního výkladu dialogu Sofistés. Na příspěvek Pavla Kouby navazuje diskuse o zdánlivě dílčím aspektu jeho výkladu, totiž o otázce, zda identitu chceme, nebo nechceme chápat pouze jako dějství diferujících vztahů. V zájmu historické věrnosti třeba poznamenat, že tato diskuse proběhla na disputaci samé jen částečně, zato se zde odehrálo mnoho pozoruhodných diskusí dalších, které nebylo možné svěřit písemnému zachycení. Mnohé se nicméně podařilo zachytit médiem jiným, totiž na fotografiích Věry Koubové, jež jsou uveřejněny na stránkách katedry. (shrink)

Cílem studie je představení nalezených explicitních odkazů na Platóna v dílech autorů moderní psychologie. V úvodní části je popsána Platónova nauka o duši, přístupy k duši v současné psychologii a metodologie vyhledávání odkazů. V další části je uveden přehled zjištěných explicitních odkazů na Platóna v moderní psychologii. Dále jsou přiblíženy nejvíce relevantní odkazy vztahující se ke generativitě, vazbě třísložkové duše a současných modelů osobnosti, vazbě péče o duši a terapie a pojetí lásky. V závěru jsou nalezené odkazy souhrnně posouzeny a (...) je přiblíženo základní zjištění, že většina autorů ve studii zmíněných vnímá Platóna jako inspiraci pro rozvoj současných teorií. (shrink)

Cílem této studie je představení základních tezí sociálně-politické filosofie Karla Raimunda Poppera (jak je zachycena zejména v dílech Bída historicismu a Otevřená společnost a její nepřátelé) a dále kritické zhodnocení aplikace těchto tezí při výkladu Platónovy filosofie. Je probíráno zejména Popperovo obvinění Platóna z tzv. „biologického historicismu“, dále jeho označení platónské teorie spravedlnosti jako „totalitní“ a v neposlední řadě jeho interpretace dialogu Ústava jakožto Platónova „politického programu“ určeného k přímé implementaci v praxi vyvoleným filosofem-králem. V druhé polovině této studie je (...) pak nabídnuto alternativní čtení, v němž se Platónova Ústava vyjeví ve zcela odlišném světle, než v jakém ji vidí Popper. (shrink)