Part I: Building blocks. 1. Folk convictions -- 2. Doubts about libertarianism -- 3. Nihilism and revisionism -- 4. Building a better theory -- Part II. A theory of moral responsibility. 5. The primacy of reasons -- 6. Justifying the practice -- 7. Responsible agency -- 8. Blame and desert -- 9. History and manipulation --10. Some conclusions.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma análise da proposta de ensino em filosofia apresentada por (Rodrigo) (2009) em seu livro intitulado “Filosofia em sala de aula: teoria e prática para o ensino médio, apresentando reflexões a respeito das metodologias de ensino aplicadas nas aulas em escolas de Ensino Médio. Inicialmente será discutido o conceito de educação, aliado à importância da transmissão do conhecimento. Em seguida, será tratado da estruturação do método de ensino proposto, com destaque em suas principais (...) ideias e apontamentos para o campo da prática. Reconhecendo a docência como um exercício desafiador, se faz necessário o conhecimento de estratégias didáticas capazes de aproximar os estudantes do saber filosófico para ajudar a amenizar a dificuldade dos professores em conseguir captar a atenção dos alunos no momento de aula. A título de conclusão, serão traçadas potencialidades e limitações da metodologia apresentada, tomando como base experiências vivenciadas nas disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado em Filosofia e no Projeto Residência Pedagógica, ambas desenvolvidas durante o curso de Licenciatura em Filosofia da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA). (shrink)

Our EcoDialogue Center is an educational space for human sustainability within the University of Veracruz. We propose that creating sustainable knowledge requires re-thinking how we conceive ourselves as human beings. This requires paying attention to what we call “the quality of being,” which means caring about and attending to the physical–emotional–mental–spiritual as the foundation of education. This way we can create a space where we can dialogue contemplatively where all dimensions of our lives interact; the physical, the emotional, the communitarian, (...) the social politic, the planetarium, and the spiritual being act with social–environmental responsibility. (shrink)

The importance of socio-economic impacts from the introduction and use of genetically modified crops is reflected in increasing efforts to include them in regulatory frameworks. Aiming to identify and understand the present knowledge on SEI of GM crops, we here report the findings from an extensive study of the published international scientific peer-reviewed literature. After applying specified selection criteria, a total of 410 articles are analysed. The main findings include: limited empirical research on SEI of GM crops in the scientific (...) literature; the main focus of the majority of the published research is on a restricted set of monetary economic parameters; proportionally, there are very few empirical studies on social and non-monetary economic aspects; most of the research reports only short-term findings; the variable local contexts and conditions are generally ignored in research methodology and analysis; conventional agriculture is the commonly used comparator, with minimal consideration of other substantially different agricultural systems; and there is the overall tendency to frame the research upon not validated theoretical assumptions, and to over-extrapolate small-scale and short-term specific results to generalized conclusions. These findings point to a lack of empirical and comprehensive research on SEI of GM crops for possible use in decision-making. Broader questions and improved methodologies, assisted by more rigorous peer-review, will be required to overcome current research shortcomings. (shrink)

Este artículo explora algunas de las relaciones entre dialéctica y filosofía dentro del programa de una dialéctica modificada de Theodor W. Adorno ¿Cómo pensar la tensión entre las categorías dialécticas y la filosofía desde el prisma de una dialéctica negativa? ¿Qué significa desde el pensamiento de Adorno a liberar a la filosofía y a la dialéctica de su carácter afirmativo? Elaborar estas preguntas es el objetivo de este trabajo.

In this paper, we draw on developmental findings to provide a nuanced understanding of background emotions, particularly those in depression. We demonstrate how they reflect our basic proximity (feeling of interpersonal connectedness) to others and defend both a phenomenological and a functional claim. First, we substantiate a conjecture by Fonagy & Target (International Journal of Psychoanalysis 88(4):917–937, 2007) that an important phenomenological aspect of depression is the experiential recreation of the infantile loss of proximity to significant others. Second, we argue (...) that proximity has a particular cognitive function that allows individuals to morph into a cohesive dyadic system able to carry out distributed emotion regulation. We show that elevated levels of psychological suffering connected to depressive background emotions may be explained not only in terms of a psychological loss, but also as the felt inability to enter into dyadic regulatory relations with others—an experiential constraint that decreases the individual’s ability to adapt to demanding situations. (shrink)

Esta crisis se expresa en una cultura fundada en la ideología de la corrupción dentro de los valores del neoliberalismo. Los dirigentes de la derecha participaron en la corrupción de la dictadura militar, en la democracia se siguió con la misma práctica argumentando que así se lograba mantenerla. El empresariado intenta eludir los impuestos.Las instituciones sociales fundamentales han participado de esta cultura: gobierno, partidos, iglesias, universidades, empresariado y ejército. El control ha fracasado y excepcionalmente hay un par de jueces eficaces.Los (...) proyectos del gobierno son la repetición de la Ley de Probidad y Transparencia de 1994 que sacralizó el relativismo ético. La corrupción debe ser derrotada con la ética de los principios y su estudio por las universidades, la definición de las iglesias, los jueces y las organizaciones de los trabajadores públicos. La alternancia política sólo implicaría que un partido corrupto sería reemplazado por otro similar en el poder. (shrink)

El autor postula que a partir de la dictadura militar de Pinochet, la corrupción empieza a aparecer en el sector público subrepticiamente hasta generalizarse, y que con el retorno a la democracia se pensó que la probidad seguirá siendo una característica nacional, pero la corrupción se mantuvo y sigue desarrollándose, pasando de una corrupción de acuerdo a las normas a una corrupción hipócrita, hasta llegar a una corrupción justificada y cada vez más masiva. El artículo fundamenta estas propuestas.

A pesar de los reparos de algunos especialistas, Avicena es un punto de referencia insoslayable en la historia de la intencionalidad. Este trabajo se propone determinar la manera en que el intelecto toma posición con respecto a la realidad de los objetos con los que se relaciona. Abordamos la relación intencional centrando nuestra atención en el nexo entre lógica y ontología y enfatizando el papel que juegan la conceptualización y la estimación en la determinación de lo que es real y (...) existente efectivamente. La exploración de la estructura intencional nos lleva a identificar la relevancia de la doctrina de las esencias como presupuesto fundamental para la conceptualización y la verdad. La importancia de la teoría de la intencionalidad de Avicena radica en la descripción tanto de la referencia al objeto de conocimiento, como un proceso que avanza de lo conocido a lo desconocido, cuyas diversas fases conforman el itinerario de las esencias. Desde este punto de vista, la realidad y la existencia son accidentes que le acaecen a las esencias. Las capacidades del alma que hacen posible la referencia intencional son la estimativa, la conceptualización y el asentimiento. Asimismo, identificamos algunos puntos de convergencia entre las doctrinas de las esencias de Avicena y de Husserl. (shrink)

RESUMEN La modificación de la dialéctica que propone el planteamiento de Adorno despliega una crítica inmanente del principio identificatorio que emerge del conflicto entre componente somático y concepto, entre lo idéntico y lo no idéntico. Ello resulta fundamental para comprender la dominación como segunda naturaleza en las formaciones económico-sociales modernas/coloniales. En este trabajo proponemos, en primer lugar, examinar críticamente las relaciones de alteridad que estructuran la experiencia de lo político al interior de la modernidad/colonialidad, y la configuración de la subjetividad (...) en términos sociohistóricos. En segundo lugar, se explora, desde un abordaje decolonial del horizonte analítico de Adorno, la constelación de mecanismos ideológicos vinculados al principio identitario que se condensa en la alteridad colonial, y que, como exponemos en este análisis, convergen finalmente en una metafísica del exterminio, en donde lo particular resulta subsumido por lo universal, y, que se efectualiza como una matriz de dominación en la que se articulan la experiencia de lo abyecto y los procesos de estereotipia que vertebran la construcción simbólica y racial de América. ABSTRACT The modification of dialectics proposed by Adorno's approach displays an immanent critique of the identifying principle that emerges from the conflict between the somatic component and the concept, between identity and non-identity. This is essential to understand domination as second nature in modern/colonial social economic formations. In this paper, we propose, first of all, to critically examine the relationships of alterity that structure the experience of the political within modernity/ coloniality, and the sociohistorical configuration of subjectivity. Secondly, from a decolonial approach to Adorno's analytical horizon, we explore the constellation of ideological mechanisms linked to the identity principle that are condensed in colonial alterity, and, that, as we expose in this analysis, finally converge in a metaphysics of extermination, where the particular is subsumed by the universal, which is carried out as a matrix of domination in which the experience of the abject and the stereotyping processes that structure the symbolic and racial construction of America are articulated. (shrink)

Nomy Arpaly rejects the model of rationality used by most ethicists and action theorists. Both observation and psychology indicate that people act rationally without deliberation, and act irrationally with deliberation. By questioning the notion that our own minds are comprehensible to us--and therefore questioning much of the current work of action theorists and ethicists--Arpaly attempts to develop a more realistic conception of moral agency.

Many prominent accounts of free will and moral responsibility make use of the idea that agents can be responsive to reasons. Call such theories Reasons accounts. In what follows, I consider the tenability of Reasons accounts in light of situationist social psychology and, to a lesser extent, the automaticity literature. In the first half of this chapter, I argue that Reasons accounts are genuinely threatened by contemporary psychology. In the second half of the paper I consider whether such threats can (...) be met, and at what cost. Ultimately, I argue that Reasons accounts can abandon some familiar assumptions, and that doing so permits us to build a more empirically plausible picture of our agency. (shrink)

Moral psychology is the study of how human minds make and are made by human morality. This state of the art volume covers contemporary philosophical and psychological work on moral psychology, as well as notable historical theories and figures in the field of moral psychology, such as Aristotle, Kant, Nietzsche, and the Buddha. The volume’s 50 chapters, authored by leading figures in the field, cover foundational topics, such as character, virtue, emotion, moral responsibility, the neuroscience of morality, weakness of will, (...) and the nature of moral judgments and reasons. The volume also canvases emerging work in applied moral psychology, including adaptive preferences, animals, mental illness, poverty, marriage, race, bias, and victim blaming. (shrink)

The Luck Problem has existed in one form or another since David Hume, at least. It is perhaps as old as Stoic objections to the Epicurean swerve. Although the general issue admits of different formulations with subtly different emphases, the characterization of it that will serve as my target focuses on “cross-worlds” luck, a kind of luck that arises when the decision-making of agents is indeterministic.

RESUMEN Este artículo, después de situar, etimológica e históricamente, los conceptos de utopía y distopía realiza un breve vistazo a la doctrina pesimista de Schopenhauer, para luego mostrar cómo Émile Zola la articula y la despliega en una distopía, en ciertos pasajes de La alegría de vivir. Se concluye, a través de varias preguntas, cómo Zola ficciona, en la figura de su personaje Pauline, una pequeña isla de felicidad dentro de un enorme océano pesimista, inquietante y malévolo: la utopía y (...) la distopía surgen entrelazadas en una ficción que, historiando y politizando la cuestión, muestra cómo lo filosófico aparece en la ficción novelesca cuando ha sido colocado allí a propósito. ABSTRACT This reflective article, after situating, etymologically and historically, the concepts of utopia and dystopia, takes a brief look at Schopenhauer's pessimistic doctrine, to then show how Émile Zola articulates and deploys it in a dystopia, in certain excerpts from The Joy of Living. It is concluded, through several questions, how Zola fictionalizes, in the figure of his character, Pauline, a small island of happiness within a huge pessimistic, disturbing, and malevolent ocean: utopia and dystopia emerge intertwined in a fiction that, historically, and politicizing the issue, shows how the philosophical appears in fictional fiction when it has been placed there on purpose. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta como objetivo revelar la influencia de los contextos socioeconómicos en las maneras de afrontamiento al cáncer como enfermedad. Se muestra un análisis sobre el cáncer como problema social y de salud; se analiza el papel de algunos entes sociales involucrados, el acceso de los enfermos a las terapias y de los productores de fármacos a las nuevas tecnologías. Se reflexiona acerca de la sobreevaluación de los fármacos que dificulta el acceso a novedosas y efectivas terapias; la supeditación (...) del saber tecnocientífico a los intereses del capital; la creciente contaminación ambiental como detonante al incremento de casos; y la escasez de tecnologías para la prevención y el saneamiento en países subdesarrollados. Finalmente se refiere el programa cubano de lucha contra el cáncer, su situación actual y proyecciones. This paper aimes at revealing the influence of the socioeconomic contexts on the way cancer is faced as a disease. An analysis about cancer as a social and health problem is presented; the role of some social organizations involved the sick's access to therepies and drug producers' access to new technologies. It is reflected on the over-asessment of drugs which makes access to new and effective therapies difficult; the subordination of the technoscientific knowledge to the interests of the capital; the growing environmental pollution as a trigger for cases increase; and the limited technological resources for prevention and cleanup in underdeveloped countries. Finally, it is made reference to the Cuban cancer fighting program, its current status and scope. (shrink)

From Minkowski and Jaspers to Blankenburg, phenomenological psychopathology has assumed that lost or diminished experience of ‘realness’ is related to an impairment of tacit level intersubjectivity. This paper develops a theoretical framework for this hypothesis by drawing mainly on the phenomenological tradition and the works of Wittgenstein. The argument, in return, contributes to recent discussions regarding depersonalization and intersubjectivity. In addition, the approach suggests some interesting implications for psychopathology.

La modificación de la dialéctica que propone el planteamiento de Adorno despliega una crítica inmanente del principio identificatorio que emerge del conflicto entre componente somático y concepto, entre lo idéntico y lo no idéntico. Ello resulta fundamental para comprender la dominación como segunda naturaleza en las formaciones económico-sociales modernas/coloniales. En este trabajo proponemos, en primer lugar, examinar críticamente las relaciones de alteridad que estructuran la experiencia de lo político al interior de la modernidad/colonialidad, y la configuración de la subjetividad en (...) términos sociohistóricos. En segundo lugar, se explora, desde un abordaje decolonial del horizonte analítico de Adorno, la constelación de mecanismos ideológicos vinculados al principio identitario que se condensa en la alteridad colonial, y que, como exponemos en este análisis, convergen finalmente en una metafísica del exterminio, en donde lo particular resulta subsumido por lo universal, y, que se efectualiza como una matriz de dominación en la que se articulan la experiencia de lo abyecto y los procesos de estereotipia que vertebran la construcción simbólica y racial de América. (shrink)

Psychotic and prodromal states are characterized by distortions of intersubjectivity, and a number of psychopathologists see in the concrete I-You frame of the clinical encounter the manifestation of such impairment. Rümke has coined the term of ‘praecox-feeling’, designated to describe a feeling of unease emanating in the interviewer that reflects the detachment of the patient and the failure of an ‘affective exchange.’ While the reliability of the praecox-feeling as a diagnostic tool has since been established, the explanation and theoretical framing (...) of the phenomena is still lacking. By drawing on enactivist approaches to social cognition, the paper will attempt to provide such an explanation. This is relevant, since such an explanation could contribute to a more precise understanding of the phenomena in question and possibly add to our knowledge regarding the link between experiential vulnerability to psychosis and disturbed I-Thou intersubjectivity. (shrink)

In mid-twentieth-century Mexican philosophy, there was a peculiar nationalist existentialist project focused on the cultural conditions of agency. This article revisits some of those ideas, including the idea that there is an important but underappreciated experience of one's relationship to norms and social meanings. This experience—something called accidentality—casts new light on various forms of social subordination and socially scaffolded agency, including cultural alienation, biculturality, and double consciousness.

Between the mid-1960s and the early 1970s, the quotidian dimension took political centrality in Japan thanks to the leading role of the New Left movement and its ideology. This went hand in hand with an appreciation of the philosophical approaches of Marxist intellectuals such as Jun Tosaka and Gorō Hani, who saw the quotidian as a fundamental space for historical transformation. We know how Tosaka and Hani developed an everyday-centred philosophy of history through their writings, but we know little about (...) how formats other than the written word – such as cinema – contributed to thinking historical reality from the same ideological approach. To address this gap in our understanding, this article analyses the intersection of two highly representative films with Tosaka and Hani’s historical thought: Secrets Within Walls ( Kabe no naka no himegoto, Kōji Wakamatsu, 1965) and Ceremonies ( Gishiki, Nagisa Ōshima, 1971). These films’ cinematic allegorisation of post-war Japan’s everyday relationships was a way to reflect on the political character of that period. (shrink)

The problem of epistemic bootstrapping requires explaining, in a principled manner, why a subject who engages in bootstrapping fails to know the conclusion of her reasoning. Existing proposed solutions to the problem provide unsatisfactory explanations regarding the bootstrapper's ignorance. This paper puts forward a novel solution and argues that it satisfactorily explains the ignorance of the bootstrapper, while avoiding the difficulties that other proposals face. Section 1 explains what epistemic bootstrapping is, defines the problem it poses for a theory of (...) knowledge, and outlines the basic desiderata demanded of any acceptable solution to the problem. Section 2 explicates the proposal I defend throughout the rest of the paper. Here, I contend that the wrong−making feature of bootstrapping which ultimately explains the bootstrapper's ignorance is a failure to use an independent source in checking the accuracy of the reports of a given source. I call this explanation the “Independence proposal.” Section 2 also argues that the phenomenon of bootstrapping is broader than is usually assumed; there are cases of bootstrapping that do not fit the superficial structure of the prototypical cases discussed in the literature, and any good proposal should apply to these as well. Section 3 argues that the independence proposal does better than other current proposals in fulfilling the desiderata identified in Section 1. Section 4 sums up the central contributions of the paper. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza la construcción de sentidos del pasado dictatorial chileno a través de micro-narraciones cotidianas. Se realiza a partir del estudio de tramas de memoria local conformadas en la vida cotidiana de un barrio de Santiago de Chile, dentro de las cuales uno de sus componentes centrales son las micro-narraciones, o lo que ha sido descrito en otros contextos como memorias fragmentadas. El objetivo de este artículo es comprenderlas como forma de memoria y analizar su rol en (...) los procesos de transmisión intergeneracional a nivel local. Con ello, se ponen en tensión aquellos planteamientos que observan la fragmentación desde las dificultades que representa para la comunicación del pasado, en tanto forma que desafía los modos convencionales de narración. Tal como muestra la investigación etnográfica, en el contexto de un territorio cargado históricamente de conflictos, esta forma de memoria tiene especial preeminencia respecto de la constitución de referentes cotidianos que participan de procesos de identificación y arraigo en los jóvenes. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo tiene por finalidad indagar sobre las representaciones sociales que se tejen en torno de la educación religiosa escolar (ERE). Para ello, se empleó una investigación cualitativa amparada en una perspectiva hermenéutica y un método narrativo desarrollado a través de redes semánticas naturales y análisis de contenido. El trabajo de campo se realizó con una población de estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas de carácter privado, en la ciudad de Popayán. El análisis permitió identificar los aportes de la ERE (...) a los sujetos abordados, la descripción de sinónimos con los cuales se asocia la ERE y algunas temáticas que se deberían abordar en esta área. Estos tránsitos permitieron analizar las variaciones y tendencias que posibilitan la inferencia de su articulación con la dimensión espiritual. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the social representations that are woven around school religious education (SRE). To do this, the researchers developed a qualitative research based on a hermeneutical perspective and a narrative method developed through natural semantic networks and content analysis. The fieldwork was carried out with a population of students from two private educational institutions in the city of Popayán, Colombia. The analysis made it possible to identify the contributions of the SRE to the subjects approached, the description of synonyms with which the SRE is associated, and some issues that should be addressed in this area. These transits allowed us to analyze the variations and tendencies that make possible the inference of its articulation with the spiritual dimension. (shrink)

La biotecnología ha originado inestimables avances para la salud de la población cubana. Su gran impacto incide en los indicadores de salud de la población, en la actualidad sus productos se extienden a varias naciones con lo cual se ha establecido como un importante renglón de exportación. En consecuencia, fundamentar la repercusión de los logros de la biotecnología para la Salud Pública cubana constituye el objetivo principal de este artículo. Biotechnology is a scientific activity which has reported noticeable successes to (...) Cuban Public Health. Nowadays, the biotechnological productions tribute more than 160 products for the health sector and their commercialization extend for many nations worldwide, thus it has become a mayor exportation goal. However, it greatest impact has been in the indicators of the population´s health. Consequently, to describe the repercussion of the major biotechnological achievements for the Cuban Public Health is the main purpose of this article. (shrink)

Persiste una concepción de los consumidores que los excluye de la ciudadanía. Pero existen razones que justifican que los consumidores deban ser comprendidos como ciudadanos. Aquí el concepto de uso social desempeña un papel fundamental. Pero la dimensión cívica del consumo ha de plantearse ahora en coordenadas distintas: la de la crisis de la ciudadanía laboral y el ascenso del precariado. Este trabajo pretende (1) exponer la conexión entre consumo y ciudadanía, (2) desarrollar el concepto de uso social como medio (...) para concretar prácticas emancipatorias, (3) atender al ascenso del precariado, (4) explorar en éste la cuestión del vínculo entre consumo y ciudadanía para (5) plantear, finalmente, algunas conclusiones críticas. It holds steady a conception of consumers apart from citizenship. But there are reasons that justify that consumers have to be conceived as citizens. Here the concept of social use takes the lead role. But the civic dimensión of consumption has now to be set out in different coordinates, that of the crisis of labor citizenship and the rise of the precariat. This work intends to (1) expose the connection between consumption and citizenship, (2) develop the concept of social use as a means to specify free practices, (3) pay attention to the rise of precariat, (4) explore in it the relationship between consumption and citizenship for (5) outline finally some critical conclusions. (shrink)

In recent years, reflection on the relationship between individual moral responsibility and determinism has undergone a remarkable renaissance. Incompatibilists, those who believe moral responsibility is incompatible with determinism, have offered powerful new arguments in support of their views. Compatibilists, those who think moral responsibility is compatible with determinism, have responded with ingenious counterexamples and alternative accounts of responsibility. Despite the admirable elevation of complexity and subtlety within both camps, the trajectory of the literature is somewhat discouraging. Every dialectical stalemate between (...) incompatibilists and compatibilists seems to be superseded by a similar though often more subtle stalemate.1 The stalemates have two sources. On the one hand, incompatibilists again and again find powerful intuitive support from our folk concept. On the other hand, compatibilists seem right to insist that even if determinism were true, this would not mitigate our need for a concept of responsibility. (shrink)

In this article I propose a resolution to the history issue for responsible agency, given a moderate revisionist approach to responsibility. Roughly, moderate revisionism is the view that a plausible and normatively adequate theory of responsibility will require principled departures from commonsense thinking. The history issue is whether morally responsible agency – that is, whether an agent is an apt target of our responsibility-characteristic practices and attitudes – is an essentially historical notion. Some have maintained that responsible agents must have (...) particular sorts of histories, others have argued that no such history is required. Resolution of this contentious issue is connected to a wide range of concerns, including the significance and culpability of different forms of manipulation, the plausibility of important incompatibilist criticisms of compatibilism, and of course, a satisfactory account of moral responsibility. As it turns out, history matters sometimes, but less frequently than we might think. (shrink)

En el presente texto analizaremos la categoría de pluralidad como componente indispensable para pensar en la construcción de una comunidad no totalitaria y como impedimento a ciertos modos contemporáneos de dejar fuera-de una comunidad a determinados grupos humanos. La cuestión de fondo, que no pretendemos resolver aquí, es la posibilidad de pensar un mundo en donde quepan muchos mundos. Propondremos la categoría de pluralidad para abordar esta cuestión tanto a partir del análisis realizado por Hannah Arendt, como por Jean-Luc Nancy. (...) En un primer momento nos detendremos en la figura de la exclusión del mundo a partir de las nociones de apátrida trabajada por Arendt, necropolítica por el filósofo camerunés Achille Mbembe y la idea de inmundicia elaborada por Nancy. Desde allí podremos tomar la perspectiva que buscamos para el análisis de la pluralidad, donde plantearemos, por una parte las infranqueables diferencias e incompatibilidades entre el análisis arendtiano y nancyano de la pluralidad como proponer algunas confluencias. Finalmente propondremos la exigencia de un momento de autoafirmación y vinculación de la pluralidad que es lo que hace que esta pueda constituir un mundo y muchos mundos a la vez, este momento es el nosotros, trabajado también por Arendt, Nancy y Roig. In the following text we will analyse the category of plurality as an essential element to think of the construction of a nontotalitarian community and as an impediment to particular contemporary modes of leaving certain specific human groups “out of” a community. The bottom line, which we do not intend to solve here, is the possibility to think a world in which many worlds fit. We will propose the category of plurality to approach this issue both from the analysis carried out by both Hannah Arendt and by Jean-Luc Nancy. At first we will consider the representation of exclusion from the world starting from the notions of stateless developed by Arendt, necropolitics by Cameroonian philosopher Achille Mbembe, and the idea of filth by Nancy. From there we can take the perspective that we seek for the analysis of plurality, posing on the one hand the insurmountable differences and incompatibilities between Arendt’s and Nancy’s analysis of plurality, and, on the other hand, some of their confluences. Finally, we will propose the necessity of a moment of self-assertion and connection of plurality that permits the constitution of this plurality as one and many worlds at the same time this moment is “us”, addressed also by Arendt, Nancy and Roig. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta la cuestión de si las creencias religiosas son o no razonables, es decir, si tienen o no una evidencia razonable que las sustente. El interés no es comprobar la existencia de Dios, sino simplemente saber si el lenguaje religioso como tal tiene o no sentido. Para esto, primero veremos la concepción de la creencia en general. A continuación, trataremos las creencias religiosas bajo dos puntos de vistas totalmente opuestos: por un lado, se expondrá la posición de autores (...) que dicen que las creencias religiosas sí tienen una evidencia razonable que las sustenta y, por otro, nos encontraremos con autores que afirman que dichas creencias no pueden ser justificadas racionalmente porque lo espiritual refiere el ámbito de lo indecible, en el cual no es factible afirmar que los enunciados religiosos son apropiados a ser verdaderos o falsos. (shrink)

Resumen El concepto de Nachleben ocupa un lugar central en la reflexión filosófica y científica en la Alemania de finales del siglo diecinueve y comienzos del siglo veinte, tanto en su vertiente evolucionista, entendida como ‘supervivencia’, como en su dimensión histórica vinculada al estudio de la ‘pervivencia’ de los productos culturales, y se extiende a comienzos del siglo XX a la historia del arte y a la filosofía de la cultura. Este trabajo indaga las principales características de dos formas diferentes (...) de conceptualización de la idea de pervivencia y su vínculo con la noción de Nachleben que Walter Benjamin desarrolla en su obra. Se dará cuenta de distintos modelos o paradigmas para comprender el vínculo entre la historia, la vida y la tradición: un modelo teológico, centrado en la figura de Jesús, un modelo energético, basado en la física y otro, elaborado por Benjamin, centrado en la idea de una vida propia de las obras de arte y los objetos culturales.The concept of Nachleben ¿s paramount in the philosophical and scientific reflections in late nineteenth and early twentieth Centuty Germany, both in its evolutionist meaning as ‘survival’ and in its historical dimension, linked to the study of the ‘afterlife’ of cultural artifacts / products. The concept extends its application range at the beginning of the twentieth century to the Art History and the Philosophy of Culture. This paper will trace the main characteristics of two different forms of conceptualization of the idea of afterlife and its connection to the notion of Nachleben that Walter Benjamin develops in his work. In this paper I’ll give an account of different paradigms or models for understanding the relationship between history, life and tradition: a theological model, centered in the figure of Jesus, an energetic model, based on physics, and a third model, elaborated by Benjamin, centered in the idea that artworks and cultural objects have a life of their own. (shrink)