The aim of the article is to present the results of bibliometric analyzes of scientific papers on the quality management of medical services published in 2001–2017 and indexed in the Scopus database. The analysis uses basic techniques of bibliometric analysis with the technical support of VOSviewer software. The publication proposes an original procedure for analyzing the literature on the subject. The results of the study allowed to determine the trends in the number of publications from 2010 to 2017. At the (...) same time, an analysis of areas of science was presented, in which issues related to the management of the quality of medical services were analyzed, as well as citation of main authors and research centers. The whole analysis concerning the topic of quality management of medical services and bibliometric analysis of scientific works on the concepts and interrelations studied has identified the main six clusters that related to the management of quality of medical services ranging from broadly understood changes in healthcare organizations, internal quality management factors, development issues and education, regulation and standardization of the concept of quality improvement, and technological aspects of quality management in medical services. It seems, therefore, that the conducted studies can be considered as a specific guide for those interested in risk and uncertainty, despite the fact that they are not free of restrictions, for example, due to the narrowing of the time or criteria concerning the types of documents examined. In this context, the analyzes carried out give a wide range of opportunities to propose new research ideas on the above issues in contemporary organizations. (shrink)

O presente artigo desenvolve um diálogo entre a teoria de gênero e a literatura feminina. Para tanto, utiliza-se a _Tetralogia napolitana_, obra da autora italiana Elena Ferrante, como objeto de análise. Busca-se fazer uma relação entre a vida privada das personagens e seus dilemas com casamento, família, maternidade, trabalho e de teorias a respeito da divisão sexual do trabalho, da dominação masculina e do cuidado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de tipo exploratório, levando como base de análise o material bibliográfico (...) e documental referentes ao problema em questão. Verifica-se como a divisão sexual do trabalho, a dominação masculina e a ética do cuidado estabeleceram condições desfavoráveis para as personagens ao longo de suas vidas. Concluindo que o campo literário é um cenário importante para estudos relacionados às temáticas de gênero e feminismo, seja por sua demonstração detalhada do cotidiano feminino, seja pela escrita feminina. (shrink)

Androgynia jako idea jedności i całości pojawia się w myśli Gastona Bachelarda w kontekście marzenia poetyckiego. To w nim bowiem – o czym dowiadujemy się z Poetyki marzenia - dochodzi do pojednania animy i animusa, żeńskiego i męskiego w jednej psyche. Marzenie będące spod znaku anima francuski filozof nazywa filozofią bytu androgynicznego, która ukazuje nam podwójną idealizację człowieczeństwa. Anima i animus, potwierdzające androgynię psyche, są momentami Ja. Ta dualna natura bytu psychicznego wyraża się poprzez dwa antagonizmy przedstawione za pomocą funkcji (...) realności (adaptacja do rzeczywistości i życia społecznego) i funkcji irrealności (samotność marzenia); myśli nadzorowanej (krytyka, cenzura) i wolnego marzenia (sympatia, przyjęcie, przyłączenie); pracy (wysiłek) i odpoczynku (rozluźnienie); niepokoju (projekt, antycypacja) i spokoju (obecność w sobie) - a zwłaszcza wokół dualności, która krystalizuje się w odróżnieniu umysłu naukowego (l’esprit scientifique) spod znaku animusa (pojęcia, wiedza) od umysłu poetyckiego (l’esprit poetique) spod znaku animy (obrazy, komunia dusz). Androgynia rozumiana jako życie integralne psyche dla Bachelarda jest perspektywiczna i wartościowa a próby jej poszukiwania utożsamia z pytaniem o sens ludzkiej egzystencji. Studia nad marzeniem ukazują jego fundamentalne znaczenie dla równowagi psyche. Tak rozumiana siła obrazów kreuje wówczas sztukę życia. W tym sensie, Bachelard staje się prekursorem nowego spojrzenia w dziedzinie refleksji nad problematyką obrazu – okazuje się, że to obraz odpowiada za relację, która zachodzi między człowiekiem a światem. (shrink)

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane staropolskie teksty mistyczne kobiet (zarówno świeckie, jak i pozostających w kręgu zakonnym) na tle tradycji mistyków hiszpańskich Złotego Wieku. W tekście nakreślono sytuację geopolityczną Rzeczpospolitej i Hiszpanii w okresie XVI–XVIII wieku z naciskiem na specyfikę życia kobiet na peryferiach europejskich. W analizie posiłkowano się ustaleniami z zakresu geopoetyki oraz border studies, gałęzi literaturoznawstwa, które obecnie coraz częściej aplikuje się do badań komparatystycznych. Artykuł przybliża kobiece utwory anonimowe powstałe w kręgu karmelitańskim, które są interpretacjami wątków terezjańskich lub (...) aluzjami do konkretnych tekstów świętej Teresy i świętego Jana od Krzyża. Ponadto przytoczono tu teksty najbardziej znanych staropolskich pisarek zakonnych, Magdaleny Mortęskiej i Marianny Marchockiej, wskazując na zapożyczenia z ascetyczno-mistycznej literatury hiszpańskiej. W artykule zaprezentowano także wybrane wątki pisarek świeckich, których utwory mogą wskazywać na specyfikę życia na peryferiach – mogącą przyczynić się do wyboru ścieżki mistycznej. (shrink)

Judith Shklar’s dictum, ‘the worst evil of cruelty’, is well known. What this means for her political theory and how such theory is construed are rarely explored. This article maintains that Shklar’s turn towards cruelty/suffering has a specific role in the development of her political argument. It allows her both to curb her long-standing skepticism, and to use it creatively. This is because suffering must be examined from the perspectives of history and philosophy, which produce two sets of knowledge, each (...) limiting the overbearing tendencies of the other. The way Shklar uses the tension between history and philosophy for progressive purposes, and her idea that politics can mediate between history and philosophy, makes her a very contemporary theorist, similar to those who critically engage foundationalism without wanting to dispose of it completely. Approaching Shklar’s ‘Putting Cruelty First’ through her engagement with history and philosophy, and making use of the concepts of ‘realism’ (Bernard Williams) and ‘weak ontology’ (Stephen White) to do so are a more productive route to understanding her dictum than the usual one of examining it through the prism of her ‘liberalism of fear’. (shrink)

The article argues that the famous story about the strike, exile and return of the Romanaulosplayers, which is recorded in the sixth book of Ovid'sFastiand referred to by other Latin and Greek sources, is based on a narrative model that already existed in Greece in the Archaic period. The study draws parallels between the tale of the pipers and the myth of the return of Hephaestus to Olympus, suggesting that, apart from similar plots, the two stories share many motifs, such (...) as references to themes derived from comedy and satyr drama. Searching for a possible channel of transmission of the story from Archaic Greece to Augustan Rome, the study explores the presence of satyric motifs in Etruscan vase-painting and Roman processional rites. It is furthermore emphasized that many of these motifs, which also appeared in lost satyr-plays, are echoed in Augustan poetry. (shrink)

The language of emotions is culturally conditioned and a conceptualization of emotions is determined by the value systems adopted in given cultures, as well as by personal experiences in recognizing, valuing, and communicating those emotions. It is believed that sometimes certain emotions have no lexical equivalents in particular languages. Even within one culture and one language, we can observe a gray area in the meaning of terms from this field. This is not surprising, given the subjective perception of the world (...) by each member of a specific community, as well as the multitude of emotions themselves. Although most information about other people’s emotions comes to the recipients through language, talking or writing about them is not simple. Emotions are among the concepts that are not very clearly delineated in our experience and therefore other, more comprehensible concepts, such as spatial orientations or objects, should be used when referring to them. In the novel The Slynx by Tatyana Tolstaya, emotions are conceptualized and represented for instance by liquids, small animals, natural forces, and substances with some specific taste (sour, bitter, etc.). Our goal was to figure out which emotions and their linguistic instantiations are only typical for the Russian language and which ones would fall in the universal category. The paper will focus on the description and the way emotions are conceptualized from a cognitive linguistic perspective, drawing on CMT (Conceptual Metaphor Theory), conceptual metonymies, and cognitive models. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to present the concept of man and image in Gaston Bachelard’s thought. Following the path of the antagonism of concept and image, psychoanalytical and hermeneutic interpretations, the author presents her own interpretation of Bachelardism based on anthropological reflection, asking about the strictly human world and its “being-in-the-world”. Its reading is based on the dynamism and the linkage between reason and imagination in the presentation of the world, which is expressed in the broadest sense in (...) the formula of the “illustrating self”. (shrink)

Artykuł stanowi krótkie wprowadzenie do koncepcji cienia będącej ważnym elementem jungowskiej psychologii analitycznej. Mimo że cień jest niechętnie dostrzegany przez ludzi, stanowi element każdej psychiki. Relacja jednostki z jej cieniem w znaczący sposób wpływa na jej życie, co zostało zaprezentowane w artykule. Stan tej relacji zależy od jednostki i może zostać poprawiony poprzez podjęcie opisywanej w artykule pracy z cieniem.

Implementing new school reforms in school practice is extremely challenging mostly because of teacher resistance to change, or uncertainty, fear, or nostalgia for the previous curriculum. Since 2016 a new preschool curriculum including a new early literacy curriculum has been in force in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to assess how well teachers follow the requirement to use a variety of texts in the classroom to promote early literacy development. The analysis is performed on 138 observations out of (...) a total of 215 structured observations, in which teachers used a text as part of an educational activity. The predominant use of narrative texts is linked to more traditional early literacy activities; however, the employment of different text genres relates to the use of different sources of text presentation, engagement with different ways of working with the text and is accompanied by different reading activities. (shrink)

This article attempts to point out the main problem in research on workaholism, namely over-use of the term workaholism when describing symptoms or constructs which are not related to work addiction. Workaholism has one, negative pathological/dysfunctional form and can be differentiated from the healthy forms of over-engagement. Based on the analysis of one example of research results, this article explains that the nomenclature of „workaholic“ is not applicable to the case of over-engaged employees with healthy symptoms. The second aim of (...) the article is to argue that the invalid conceptualisation and measurement of workaholism can result in conclusions which do not really regard work addiction. (shrink)

The paper considers the problematic relation between a person and her action as it is expressed in the problem of blame and moral judgement. I argue that blaming someone for her action does affect our moral judgement of her, but does not imply condemnation of her moral character. I use the example of Dmitri Karamazov to show that a response to a particular situation, although shaped by the previous character of the person, does not follow from it and can in (...) turn affect and change the person's character by changing the way in which she perceives what is valuable. (shrink)

The article aims to present one of the most decisive criticisms of metaethics which resulted in the restoration of substantive ethics in Great Britain in the late fifties. Philippa Foot attacks the basic metaethical presupposition that evaluative meaning is logically independent of descriptive meaning. She concentrates on the semantics of the word “good”. The second, most extensive part of my article summarizes her argumentation for the thesis that evaluative meaning of the latter word can imply some description of the object (...) evaluated. This result can be linked with the rejection of formalistic methods in ethics. (shrink)

Does remorse imply self-hatred? In this paper, I argue that self-hatred is a false response to one’s wrongdoing because it is corrupted by the vice of pride, which affects the perception of its object. To identify the detrimental operation of pride, I propose to study the process of change of heart and its impediments. I use the example of Kostelnička, from Janáček’s opera Jenůfa, to show that the impediment to remorse is active already as a source of wrongdoing and self-deception. (...) I identify three different aspects of Kostelnička’s pride: social ambition, defensive anger, and moral ambition. I show that it is pride as moral ambition that prevents the wrongdoer’s acknowledgment of her blameworthiness by causing her obsession with her blameless self-image and corrupting her self-love. In the last part of the paper, I reject Kostelnička’s initial self-hatred before her change of heart, because it is not based on an accurate judgement of her agency. Kostelnička’s true remorse is thereupon connected with her inner transformation towards humility and with a reorientation of her attention towards the victim of her wrongdoing, as testified in her plea for forgiveness. The implied moral improvement and reconstitution of her relationship to herself and others opens the way for her coming to terms with her guilt. (shrink)

Článek mapuje vliv Wittgensteinovy filosofie na poválečnou etiku v Británii, a to přes ústřední etické problémy morálního pravidla a jednání na základě tohoto pravidla. Důležitý zlom způsobila masívní kritika novověkého „právního“ pojetí etiky soustředěného na úzký pojem morální povinnosti, v němž je morální jednání modelováno jako vedení určitým objektivně daným zákonem, který zvnějšku donucuje vůli. Důraz na věrohodnou psychologii jednání a nedůvěra k morální nutnosti, s níž takový obrázek pracuje, vedly velkou část autorů k příklonu k antickému etickému paradigmatu. To (...) – na rozdíl od novověkého, jež se úzce zaměřuje na epizodické jednání – vychází od zkoumání dobrého života, k jehož uskutečnění je zapotřebí dobrého charakteru. Morální jednání je tak vysvětlováno na pozadí ctnostného charakteru, který tak poskytuje i příslušnou morální motivaci.Po představení určité zjednodušené představy, jak lze tuto motivaci modelovat, přejdeme ke koncepcím, které na tuto představu kriticky reagují z wittgensteinovských pozic. Ústřední terč této kritiky tvoří nedostatečné pojetí vnímání situace, které je v praktickém kontextu třeba chápat již strukturovaně jako něco, co obsahuje hodnocení a reakci. Typické pro wittgensteinovské pozice je proto popření nezávislosti motivační a kognitivní složky v analýze jednání, a tedy popření vlivné, tzv. „humovské“ teorie motivace. Představíme dvě větve této kritiky: První rozpracovává aristotelskou ctnost „rozumnost“, tedy hlavní rozumovou ctnost, druhá navazuje na platónskou tezi o jednotné ctnosti. V závěru bude naznačen způsob analýzy morálního principu v duchu této školy. (shrink)

This book introduces the ethical, philosophical, and social legacy of Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848), emphasizing the theological dimension of his thought. The author situates Bolzano as a significant and influential figure in the late Enlightenment in Bohemia, which developed in the politically unfavorable times of the early nineteenth century.

Digital sweatshops represent exploitative digital workplaces where individuals are compelled to work long hours under high demands for minimal compensation. This study employs in-depth, semi-structured interviews with digital workers to explore digital sweatshop operations’ challenges and adverse aspects, mainly focusing on ethical considerations. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory methodology. The findings highlight three key themes: conditions mitigating factors, organisational factors, and work environment factors, all of which contribute to the persistence of digital sweatshops. The study (...) advocates for comprehensive labour laws, education and advocacy for digital employees, mental health support, transparency and accountability, skill development, career advancement, and ethical business practices. These recommendations are intended to help governments and organizations create a fair and ethical digital workplace, prioritizing workers’ rights and well-being. (shrink)

One of the most widely applied techniques used to examine associative memory errors is the Deese-Roediger- McDermott paradigm. The aim of the present studies was to demonstrate a Polish version of the DRM paradigm and to test the characteristics of memory illusions evoked by this procedure for both recall and recognition. A normative study was conducted to prepare Polish stimuli material sharing similar characteristics as the lists in the English language version. Subsequently, the lists were applied to examine the effect (...) of prior recall on recognition, as well as the influence of retention interval on recall. The results revealed that the Polish version of the DRM paradigm induced a robust effect of false recall and recognition. Moreover, it was revealed that immediate recall of a single list led to a higher rate of both correct and false recall and that prior recall positively influenced recognition, leading to a higher rate of hits. (shrink)

Even if the ordering of all natural number is (known to be) not definable from multiplication of natural numbers and ordering of primes, there is a simple axiom system in the language $(\times,<,1)$ such that the multiplicative structure of positive integers has a unique expansion by a linear order coinciding with the standard order for primes and satisfying the axioms – namely the standard one.

Adam Noga, in his review of the theory of entrepreneurship, distinguishes 24 different types of goals which make entrepreneurs establish, run and develop their enterprises. He emphasizes that the maximization of profits, sales volume, satisfactory profits, flow and value were the goals enterprises strived for until the 1970’s. However, entrepreneurship, according to Noga, consists of discovering new targets and objectives which accompany the process of enterprise creation and development, including the growth in the usefulness of human, intellectual and social assets. (...) In order to meet such expectations, appropriate social and or-ganizational conditions need to be ensured. One of these essential conditions is a suitable organizational culture, to a large extent depending on the owners and top rank managers, which con-firms that, today, growth is determined by social capital, human capital, man-agement and organizational culture. This subject is important both from the scientific and practical point of view. It shows that when it comes to management, economy lacks knowledge concerning the cultural context, as well as knowledge related to the assessment of social welfare, in which too little attention is paid to the qualitative elements of social and economic development. The aim of this paper is to answer the ques-tion whether an organizational culture which facilitates undertaking non-business activities exists. In order to answer this question, the notions of non-business activities and organizational culture have been defined. Characteristic features of an organizational culture have been presented and the culture which theoretically facilitates undertaking non-business activities has been indicated. In the empirical part, the theoretical assumptions have been verified and an organizational culture which attempts to achieve not only business goals has been identified. (shrink)

The article presents the idea that the maximisation of profit seems not to be the most important goal for contemporary enterprises. The author – basing on literature and empirical research – tries to indicate those activities undertaken by enterprises in the interest of the local community that have an impact not only on building managers' mental well-being and quality of life. They are also different kinds of CSR activities, but they could also be considered as proof of changing the economic (...) model. The article ends with conclusions in which the author tries to answer the following question: what kind of profit could bring about the realisation of that new model. (shrink)

This study aims to identify the ethical challenges in the process of product marketing. It conducted a bibliometric study to evaluate the major ethical concerns in the area of product marketing. The data for the current study was extracted using the Scopus database. The study uses VOSviewer and Biblioshiny-bibliometrix to analyze the data. The results revealed that in the twenty-first century, ethical concerns and research related to pharmaceutical marketing, consumption behavior, and sustainability have significantly grown and are emerging as important (...) issues. The study is novel in its approach and develops a theoretical model to know ethical issues related to product marketing with multidimensional process (i.e., identification, search strategy, and analysis) for a long-term sustainable business success. By this study, the academicians and researchers will focus greater attention on the rapidly developing human-techno-centric world to fulfill the organizations’ service promises. The study contributes to the marketing ethics literature, particularly to the literature related to ethical issues in product marketing. (shrink)

An article that reflects on the adaptation of a phenomenologically inspired approach within sociological epistemology. Using two sociological as examples perspectives – interpretivism and critical theory – we point at the normative assumptions common to both approaches. We suggest these are responsible for the impossibility of transgressing dichotomization and mediation – two features continuously reproduced within social sciences. With the use of phenomenologically inspired non-dichotomous epistemology we offer a way to work around these limitations. It is possible, we argue, thanks (...) to the application of the categories of intentionality and responsiveness, to ground sociology in a non-dichotomous, and hence expanded, paradigm. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia „troski” na gruncie filozofii Sokratesa i Platona. Niniejszy tekst stanowi przyczynek do pojawiających się w dialogach Platona dwóch określeń troski: epimeleia heautou oraz melete thanatou. W celu opisania pojęć i ukazania relacji między nimi w pracy badawczej wykorzystano teksty autorstwa Platona, teksty domniemanego autorstwa Platona oraz współczesne opracowania myśli Sokratesa i Platona.

The article concerns the life and work of the most important contemporary Spanish philosophers, Fernando Savater. It focuses on describing his activism and the reasons which led him to participate in the public life. The author also analyses the thinker’s two major concerns, which are anti-nationalism and the defence of democtratic values. The investigation shows that Savater’s view on the two issues is strictly related to his biography and the socio-political changes experienced by Spanish people in the last fifty years. (...) The solutions the philosopher presents for his compatriots are parallel to his proposals of shifts in the politics of the whole European Union. (shrink)

The age at menarche, body height and weight of the daughters of farmers, farmer1977, a time of economic development, a decrease in age at menarche (by 0.74 years) and a secular trend in body height (by 2.4 cm/decade) was observed. In 19772001, age at menarche decreased and body height increased by 0.28 years and 2.9 cm respectively. The percentage of families owning a car, freezer and video increased during this period. These last results are indicative of an improvement in living (...) conditions, but the villagers regard themselves as losers as a result of the political transformation (1989) in Poland. (shrink)