Es wird versucht etwaige Mechanismen zu erdenken, die das Fortleben in Bevölkerungssystemen fördern könnten. Die Betrachtung eines äusserst vereinfachten Schemas führt zur Abfassung des Begriffes der „Beständigkeit gewährenden Nahrungsdichte“. Dieser Begrifff ergibt den Schlüssel zur Betrachtung des Konsument-Nahrung-Verhältnisses und dessen lenkenden Rückkoppelung. Diese Lenkung kann einigermassen geändert werden durch die Beschwerde die die Dichte einer Bevölkerung ergeben kann. Dieselbe Prinzipien lassen sich weiter anwenden auf die Nahrungskette. Sodann bedarf das System noch einer Erweiterung durch Einführung paralleler Komponenten. Solange diese parallele (...) Bevölkerungen keine Empfindlichkeit für ihre eigene Dichte aufweisen, werden sie entweder nebeneinander vorkommen können ohne dass ihre Gesamtexistenz gesichert ist, oder er ergibt sich nicht einmal die Möglichkeit eines beständigen Fortlebens aller Komponente. Dichteempfindlichkeit kann aber eine Lenkung zur Beständigkeit hervorrufen wenn die Bevölkerungen vorwiegend durch ihre eigene Dichte beeinflusst werden, und weniger durch die Gesamtdichte der parallelen Komponenten; dieser Umstand wird sich am leichtesten vorfinden im gegliederten Lebensraum. Aber auch auf ganz anderer Weise kann das Fortleben gefährdeter Parallele gesichert werden, nämlich durch immer wiederkehrende Katastrophen, die zu Gunsten dieser Komponente auswirken. Als Gesamtschluss ergibt sich also, dass der Fortbestand der Mannigfaltigkeit des Lebendigen gefördert werden kann durch eine Ungleichmässigkeit der Lebensbedingungen, entweder in räumlicher oder in zeitlicher Hinsicht.On fait un effort d'imaginer des mécanismes utiles à favoriser la survie dans des systèmes de populations. La considération d'un schéma extrêmement simplifié nous mène à dresser la conception de la „densité fixante de nourriture“. Cette conception nous donne la clef à l'analyse de la relation entre le consument et la nourriture et de son réglage stabilisant. Ce réglage peut être plus ou moins modifié par l'inconvénient que la densité d'une population peut produire. Les mêmes principes sont alors appliqués à la chaîne de nourriture. Ensuite le système doit encore être étendu par l'introduction des composants parallèles. Tant que les populations parallèles ne sont pas susceptibles à leurs propres densités, leur co-existence ne peut être que non-assurée ou même impossible. Cependant, la susceptibilité de leurs densités peut conduire à un réglage stabilisant quand les populations sont avant tout influencées par leur propres densités et légèrement par la densité commune de l'ensemble des composants parallèles; cet état sera réalisé le plus facilement dans un milieu hétérogène. Mais hors de ce réglage, il y a encore une toute autre possibilité que pourrait assurer la survie de parallèles menacés, c'est à dire de catastrophes toujours revenantes et favorisant ces composants. Alors on arrive à la conclusion générale, que la diversité continue du monde vivant peut être favorisée par l'irrégularité des circonstances, soit de l'espace, soit du temps. (shrink)

We show that the first order theory of the lattice $\mathscr{L}^{ (S) of finite dimensional closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional Steinitz Exhange System S has logical complexity at least that of first order number theory and that the first order theory of the lattice L(S ∞ ) of computably enumerable closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional computable Steinitz Exchange System S ∞ has logical complexity exactly that of first order number theory. Thus, for example, the lattice of (...) finite dimensional subspaces of a standard copy of $\bigoplus_\omega$ Q interprets first order arithmetic and is therefore as complicated as possible. In particular, our results show that the first order theories of the lattice L(V ∞ ) of c.e. subspaces of a fully effective ℵ 0 -dimensional vector space V∞ and the lattice of c.e. algebraically closed subfields of a fully effective algebraically closed field F ∞ of countably infinite transcendence degree each have logical complexity that of first order number theory. (shrink)

We show that linear Regge trajectories for mesons and glueballs, and the cubic mass spectrum associated with them, determine a relation between the masses of the ρ meson and the scalar glueball, $M(0^{ + + } ) = 3/\sqrt 2 M(\rho )$ , which implies $M(0^{ + + } ) = 1650_ \pm 10$ MeV. We also discuss relations between the masses of the scalar, tensor and 3-- glueballs, $M(2^{ + + } ) = \sqrt 2 M(0^{ + + } (...) ),{\text{ }}M(3^{ - - } ) = 2M(0^{ + + } )$ , which imply $M(2^{ + + } ) = 2290_ \pm {\text{ }}15{\text{ MeV, }}M(3^{ - - } ) = 3240_ \pm {\text{ }}20$ MeV. (shrink)

The word ‘existentialism’ has become something of a catchword in religious circles today, and one suspects that it is sometimes a substitute rather than a medium for thought. Most theological teachers must from time to time have received from a pupil an essay in which the words ‘existential’, ‘existentially’ and ‘existentialism’ appear to have been sprinkled from a pepper-pot over an exposition whose meaning would remain unchanged if these words were excised altogether. Nevertheless, usum non tollit abusus, and the following (...) rather unsystematic remarks may perhaps be of some help in elucidating and evaluating a mode of thought and expression which has attracted the interest of some of the more profound, as well as of some of the more superficial, theological and philosophical writers of the present day. (shrink)

Purpose: My goals in this paper are to comment on some of the roles that Ernst von Glasersfeld played in our work in IRON (Interdisciplinary Research on Number) from circa 1975 up until the time of his death, and to relate certain events that revealed his character in very human terms. Method: Among my recollections of Ernst, I have chosen those that I felt would most adequately portray his impact on the field of mathematics education and his ethics in the (...) field of human affairs. Findings: It has not often been said but, in his work in IRON, it was Ernst’s explicit intention to start a conceptual revolution in mathematics education and beyond. Other than serving as a revolutionary, Ernst also served as a mentor for many investigators in mathematics education, including myself. He excelled as a scientist as well an epistemologist, and his scientific work fueled his epistemological work. Ernst was a very ethical and wonderful human being who was dedicated to the betterment of humankind by means of his revolutionary ideas. (shrink)

This collection of articles pays homage to the creativity and scientific rigor Jerome Singer has brought to the study of consciousness and play. It will interest personality, social, clinical and developmental psychologists alike.

Philosophical Studies Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 163, l. 24 for ‘Pocreon’ read “Creon’ and p. 165, l.4 for “Nereus” read “Nessus”, l. 16 for “Corrolate” read “Correlate” and l. 27 for “ Trachinae ” read “ Trachiniae ”. Proffessor Mackinnon should also have been described as Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Corpus Christi College.

The article examines the situation associated with the spread of social networks, which brought not only new communication opportunities, but also the risks of blurring the boundaries between privacy and publicity. People voluntarily share personal data in exchange for public acceptance. This information is recorded and studied by various government and commercial institutions. The danger to information privacy as a right to control access to personal information is aggravated by the peculiarities of online communication, which is characterized by “context collapse”: (...) the merging of different audiences with different norms and values. Content posted on social media is searchable beyond a specific point in time and situation. If offline communication involves a foreseeable number of interlocutors, there is an “invisible audience” on social networks, which leads to information asymmetry. However, despite the fact that most users are aware of the potential dangers of privacy breaches, they share personal information on social networks. This phenomenon is called the privacy paradox. The reasons for this behavior are a lack of technical and social skills, a reluctance to spend time and energy on measures to minimize risks, a desire to have wide social connections and skepticism about the effectiveness of the efforts being made. The behavior of users on social networks is influenced primarily by factors such as age and education. The most concerned about the preservation of privacy are young people and middle-aged people, as they have to manage the most complex social relations. (shrink)

Jean Philiponus s'est toujours opposé à la notion nestorienne des anges servant les hommes à la place de Dieu. Jean Philiponus s'inscrit dans le courant égyptien critique de la fin du VIe siècle de certains récits apocryphes des anges dans l'univers primitif. L'argumentation de Philoponus est anti-dyophysite. Il s'attache à démontrer que l'univers que nous percevons est peuplé d'entités non corporelles puissantes, au service de Dieu et dont le rôle est de faire passer des messages aux êtres humains. Ces entités (...) ont été créées par le Dieu trinitaire avant l'acte divin de création. (shrink)

Many past and present events in the world clearly reflect the miserable failure of modern leadership across the globe. This has significantly contributed to the crisis of survival of humankind today. If humans and their environment are to survive, we need to search for the appropriate leadership model. To that effect this paper discusses the major tenets of the Gandhian and Machiavellian models of leadership in a comparative manner. The paper shows how and why the Gandhian model is admirable, attractive, (...) timely, relevant and redeeming, while the Machiavellian model is not. (shrink)