An atmosfere of fear seems to surround western culture in the last two or three decades. From it stems a new kind of fear, imaginarially expressed in the fear of collapse event. In this paper, we chart some manifestations of the new fear of collapse in the sphere of cinema and of intelectual academic writings. In the first case, with the emergence of collapse and zombie movies in cultural industry productions; in the second one, in the emergence of civilizational collapse (...) as a theme for historians, systems and complexity cientists, ecologists, peak-oil theorists, economists, social scientists etc. Some possible explanatory hipothesis for the emergency of this fenomenon are conjectured. (shrink)

The paper considers two main cases of how the creative arts can inform a greater appreciation of human dignity. The first case explores a form of theater, Commedia dell’Arte that has deep roots in Italian culture. The second recounts a set of theater exercises done with very minimal direction or self-direction in executive education and MBA courses at the Darden School, University of Virginia, in the United States. In both cases we highlight how the creative arts can be important for (...) promoting human dignity in organizations, and how they can lead to a more authentic conversation about values, ethics, and meaning. (shrink)

BackgroundAdults with ADHD exhibit a neuropsychological profile that may present deficits in many cognitive domains, particularly attention and executive functions. However, some authors do not consider executive disfunction as an important part of the clinical profile of the syndrome; this could be related to the use of inappropriate neuropsychological tests, probably not adapted and not sufficiently ecological. Moreover, new data are required on specific correlation of attentive-executive symptoms with socio-demographic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the (...) neuropsychological performance of a group of adults with ADHD, also evaluating the influence of gender, age and education level.MethodsWe retrospectively collected health-related personal data of 40 adult ADHD patients, clinically diagnosed and evaluated via a battery of 4 neuropsychological tests and 1 self-administered questionnaire. Gender, age and years of education differences were assessed.ResultsAttention and EFs deficits have been highlighted mainly on the d2-R and 5-point neuropsychological tests, which therefore seem to be more sensitive in measuring the attention-executive dysfunction in an adult ADHD population, than TAP Go/No-go and ROCFT. ADHD patients also manifested subjective behavioral impulsivity disorders on BIS-11. There were no statistically significant gender differences in cognitive performance. On the contrary, younger patients performed worse on subscales TAP Go/No-go errors and 5-points number of drawings, while participants with a higher education level performed better on subscales d2-R speed of execution and d2-R errors. This supports a reduction in the number of errors and the execution time as a function of older age and a higher level of education. Finally, patients with higher education also self-reported greater impulsivity in planning.ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest that adult ADHD is not a lifelong stable disorder, but it may change over time. Moreover, attention-executive deficits may be influenced and partially counterbalanced by experience and a higher level of education. This could underlie the development of specific psycho-behavioral and cognitive compensatory strategies. The use of self-administered questionnaires is therefore recommended to highlight attentional and executive difficulties that may not result in neuropsychological tests. (shrink)

Palabras de agradecimiento al promotor del Congreso Internacional y a los participantes en él. Asimismo, a la persona que ha trabajado en la labor de transcripción de mis escritos y a otros colaboradores míos. También a quienes han tomado en cuenta mis ideas para elaborar sus tesis doctorales, y a otros colegas cuyos planteamientos filosóficos distan de los míos. Como la filosofía es una actividad interminable, queda abierta la sucesiva investigación en mis propuestas.

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: BA, Università degli Studi di Milano (Departement og Phliosophy), Veranstaltung: Phliosophy: Logic and Epistemology, Sprache: Italienisch.

Biological regulation is what allows an organism to handle the effects of a perturbation, modulating its own constitutive dynamics in response to particular changes in internal and external conditions. With the central focus of analysis on the case of minimal living systems, we argue that regulation consists in a specific form of second-order control, exerted over the core regime of production and maintenance of the components that actually put together the organism. The main argument is that regulation requires a distinctive (...) architecture of functional relationships, and specifically the action of a dedicated subsystem whose activity is dynamically decoupled from that of the constitutive regime. We distinguish between two major ways in which control mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of a biological organisation in response to internal and external perturbations: dynamic stability and regulation. Based on this distinction an explicit definition and a set of organisational requirements for regulation are provided, and thoroughly illustrated through the examples of bacterial chemotaxis and the lac-operon. The analysis enables us to mark out the differences between regulation and closely related concepts such as feedback, robustness and homeostasis. (shrink)

This article analyses the Fair Trade sector as a “mixed-form market,” i.e., a market in which different types of players (in this case, nonprofit, co-operative and for-profit organizations) coexist and compete. The purposes of this article are (1) to understand the factors that have led Fair Trade to become a mixed-form market and (2) to propose some trails to understand the market dynamics that result from the interactions between the different types of players. We start by defining briefly Fair Trade, (...) its different dimensions (including the “fair” quality of the products) and its organizational landscape, focusing on the distinction between the pioneer “Alternative Trading Organizations” and the second-mover companies. Then, we recall the theoretical emergence factors for each type of organization (nonprofit, co-operative and for-profit) and apply these emergence factors to the context of Fair Trade. This analysis allows us to capture the specificities of each type of operator with regard to Fair Trade and, thus, to have a better understanding of the dynamics in the sector. Such dynamics includes competition, but also conflict and partnership. Our analysis includes elements on ethical imitation, consumers’ behaviors, effects on welfare and the role of the government. (shrink)

Living systems employ several mechanisms and behaviors to achieve robustness and maintain themselves under changing internal and external conditions. Regulation stands out from them as a specific form of higher-order control, exerted over the basic regime responsible for the production and maintenance of the organism, and provides the system with the capacity to act on its own constitutive dynamics. It consists in the capability to selectively shift between different available regimes of self-production and self-maintenance in response to specific signals and (...) perturbations, due to the action of a dedicated subsystem which is operationally distinct from the regulated ones. The role of regulation, however, is not exhausted by its contribution to maintain a living system’s viability. While enhancing robustness, regulatory mechanisms play a fundamental role in the realization of an autonomous biological organization. Specifically, they are at the basis of the remarkable integration of biological systems, insofar as they coordinate and modulate the activity of distinct functional subsystems. Moreover, by implementing complex and hierarchically organized control architectures, they allow for an increase in structural and organizational complexity while minimizing fragility. Finally, they endow living systems, from their most basic unicellular instances, with the capability to control their own internal dynamics to adaptively respond to specific features of their interaction with the environment, thus providing the basis for the emergence of minimal forms of cognition. (shrink)

Although we fundamentally agree with Schilbach et al., we argue here that there is still some residual utility for non-interactive scenarios in social neuroscience. They may be useful to quantify individual differences in prosocial inclination that are not influenced by concerns about reputation or social pressure.

Ludwig Edelstein is well-known for his work on the history of anceint medicine and ancient philosophy, and to both of these areas he made contributions of primary importance. This collection, originally published in 1987, makes avaialable Edelstein’s main papers to scholars and students, and includes papers from 1931-1965.

Dícese que en respuesta a los cataclismos políticos, económicos y sociales posteriores a la muerte del que quiso ser Diógenes el Cínico pero, no pudiendo, tuvo que resignarse con ser Alejandro Magno, surge la escuela estoica. Exhortaban ellos, casi hasta la náusea, a concentrarnos en lo eph’ hēmîn (“lo que depende de nosotros”), entre otras razones porque allí yacen toda libertad y felicidad humanas: de entre los billones de cosas que hay y suceden en el cosmos, la gran mayoría está (...) fuera de nuestro poder, sólo un puñado depende de nosotros, puñado en el cual reside nuestra posibilidad de obrar libremente y, al hacerlo como es debido, nuestra posibilidad de ser felices. Es mantra estoico: si eliges dedicarte a lo que no depende de ti, o si eliges dedicarte a lo que depende de ti pero malamente, y entonces tu infelicidad está garantizada. (shrink)

RESUMEN Nos proponemos mostrar que la filosofía de Merleau-Ponty encarna la experiencia fundamental de la dialéctica: llevar a concepto el sentido de las cosas, del mundo, de los otros, a través de unaexperiencia de expresión que no convierte el sentido de estos en un simple resultado de su reflexión. Para él esta dialéctica se resuelve como dialéctica negativa, en el sentido de ser una filosofía que piensa lo negativo en sentido radical, esto es, como una negación que es parte constitutiva (...) de lo positivo, integrada a éste de manera esencial. Veremos, en particular, que esta idea de la dialéctica atraviesa su concepción de un nuevo pensar como 'pensar sensible' o de 'quiasmo'. El texto está conformado por los siguientes apartados: 1. La dialéctica negativa, 2. La dialéctica como reencuentro con el pasado y 3. El sentido de la crítica. ABSTRACT We intend to show that the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty embodies the fundamental experience of the dialectic: To bring concept to the meaning of things, the world, from the others, through an experience expression that does not convert the sense of these in a simple result of its reflection. For him this dialectic is resolved as negative dialectic, in the sense of being a philosophy that thinks the negative in a radical sense, that is, as a denial that is a constitutive part of the positive, integrated to this one in an essential way. We see, in particular, that this idea of the dialectic crosses a new conception of new thinking as sensible thinking sensitive ' or 'chiasmus '. The text consists of the following sections: 1. Negative dialectic, 2. The dialectic as reunion with the past; and, 3. The sense of criticism. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una crítica al concepto hegemónico-dominante de ciencia a través de un análisis de la construcción discursiva del paradigma de la simplificación heredado de la Modernidad. Se problematizan las exclusiones político-epistemológicas de la tradición del pensamien..

O tema da política sobre a vida é marcado por uma mudança na forma de governo exercida na institucionalização do biopoder, especialmente a partir da entrada do capitalismo como elemento balizador da governamentalidade. No presente artigo, o objetivo principal é mostrar como a biopolítica governamental, notadamente proposta pelos estudos de Michel Foucault, nos anos 70, desdobra-se e lastreia a tese da necropolítica de Achille Mbembe e suas implicações práticas na contemporaneidade. Para isso, comparo alguns excertos de textos de Foucault, Fanon, (...) Mbembe, Deleuze, Agamben, entre outros, no intuito de explorar como a biopolítica está presente na lógica de controle social, implementada e refinada tecnologicamente por governos, o que pode levar a diversos movimentos persecutórios e preconceituosos com determinados grupos sociais. Por fim, aponto como tais necropolíticas podem ser identificadas no Brasil atual, especialmente com base em relatórios de violência aqui analisados, estudos sobre desigualdade étnico-racial-social e combate socialmente seletivo no enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19, destacando a relevância e a atualidade de se discutir tais conceitos sob perspectiva descolonial. (shrink)

Se critican dos tesis de Nancy Cartwright. Por un lado, se examina el enfoque de las “capacidades” en el campo de lo económico para argumentar que estas responden a la lógica de los “árboles de posibilidades” o resultados de final abierto; por el otro, se ofrece una alternativa al problema de “sobre-restricción” de los modelos económicos para mostrar cómo el gran número de supuestos auxiliares acota las posibilidades de extrapolar las conclusiones obtenidas en el modelo a condiciones distintas de las (...) explicitadas en él. Se muestra la utilidad del análisis de robustez para descubrir las condiciones esenciales que cierran el árbol de posibilidades. (shrink)

This paper analyses conceptual and experimental work in synthetic biology on different types of interactions considered as minimal examples or models of communication. It discusses their pertinence and relevance for the wider understanding of this biological and cognitive phenomenon. It critically analyses their limits and it argues that a conceptual framework is needed. As a possible solution, it provides a theoretical account of communication based on the notion of organisation, and characterised in terms of the functional influence exerted by the (...) sender upon the receiver. It shows that this account can be operationalised in synthetic biology, and that it can supply criteria and guidelines for the design and evaluation of synthetic models. (shrink)

Resumo Este artigo procura apresentar e discutir tentativas recentes em filosofia social de analisar e interpretar o capitalismo, a partir de uma perspectiva praxeológica. O practice turn em teoria social procurou superar o dualismo entre agência e estrutura, ou entre ação e sistema, por meio da noção de prática social. Seria possível então interpretar o capitalismo como um tipo especifico de prática social? Para tentar encaminhar essa questão, explicita-se brevemente, em um primeiro momento, em que consiste o practice turn em (...) teoria social. Num segundo momento, analisa-se e se discute a proposta de Rahel Jaeggi de conceber a economia como uma rede de práticas sociais. Em seguida, expõe-se e se avalia a tentativa de Christian Lotz em ver, no dinheiro, a chave para compreender aquilo que ele chama de esquema capitalista. Por fim, conclui-se, chamando a atenção para os potenciais e desafios ligados ao empreendimento de interpretar o capitalismo em função de uma teoria da prática, sugerindo que um aprofundamento na análise da imaginação especificamente capitalista, vinculando-a com a típica plasticidade e diversidade do capitalismo, possa ajudar a avançar nesse campo.This paper aims to present and discuss recent attempts in social philosophy to analyze and interpret capitalism from a praxeological perspective. The practice turn in social theory sought to overcome the dualism between agency and structure, or between action and system, through the notion of social practice. Is it then possible to interpret capitalism as a specific type of social practice? To try to address this question, I briefly introduce, in a first moment, the practice turn in social theory. In a second moment, I analyze and discuss Rahel Jaeggi’s proposal to conceive the economy as a network of social practices. I then explain and evaluate Christian Lotz’s attempt to see money as the key to understanding what he names as “the capitalist schema”. Finally, I conclude by drawing attention to the potentials and challenges of interpreting capitalism as a social practice, suggesting that a deeper analysis of specifically capitalist imagination, linking it with the typical plasticity and diversity of capitalism, may help to move forward in this field. (shrink)

Il volume offre una sintetica analisi dell’attualismo di Giovanni Gentile al fine di rilevare i dettagli fondamentali della sua posizione teoretica e di individuare gli elementi su cui si è strutturata la sua ricezione in Italia. La filosofia postattualista italiana è stata radicalmente influenzata dal filosofo siciliano e il suo sviluppo ha assunto le forme di un lungo dialogo con l’attualismo. Tra gli autori principali di questo dialogo figurano Ugo Spirito, Gustavo Bontadini e Andrea Emo in primis, oltre a Guido (...) Calogero, Federico Sciacca, Vincenzo La Via, Italo Mancini, senza dimenticare l’importante contributo di Emanuele Severino. Lo scopo principale della ricerca è stato dunque quello di evidenziare la qualità viva dell’attualismo, dimostrando come esso sia un autorevole sistema filosofico ancora efficace e consistente all’interno del pensiero contemporaneo, nelle sue modificazioni concettuali e nelle sue costanti irrisolte. (shrink)

Para considerar al hombre como vía hacia Dios, es preciso, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía, encontrar los trascendentales que le son propios. Dichos trascendentales no aparecen en el elenco clásico. Hay que añadir los trascendentales humanos a los descubiertos en la Edad Media, lo cual comporta, inevitablemente, algunas rectificaciones del planteamiento tradicional, sin las cuales los nuevos trascendentales no serían coherentes con la formulación antigua de esta temática. Con otras palabras, para que Dios sea accesible desde la (...) perspectiva antropológica es menester formular lo que suelo llamar Antropología trascendental. (shrink)

Este artículo ofrece un esbozo de la antropología trascendental de Leonardo Polo desde el punto de vista del conocer. La persona humana, o el acto de ser personal es además. Además es más que el ver y que el yo. El carácter de además está ligado a la libertad personal, y ésta sólo se comprende por referencia al Creador.

Resumo: O presente artigo reconstitui teorias filosóficas de Pierre Lévy e Byung-Chul Han por meio da articulação de determinados conceitos centrais das obras: Cibercultura; e No enxame: perspectivas do digital. O objetivo foi fomentar uma reflexão acerca de repercussões que a inteligência, o pensamento e o entendimento têm sofrido a partir da emergência do ciberespaço e da era digital. Mediante uma análise comparativa das referidas obras, o artigo debruça-se sobre perspectivas diametralmente opostas acerca dos limites, perigos e potenciais do ciberespaço (...) e da era digital no concernente ao desenvolvimento humano. Ainda que não tenham feito referência entre si em suas obras, os referidos filósofos apresentam perspectivas de análises que manifestam, quando comparadas, intensas tensões teoréricas, de modo que um exame de seus êxitos e falhas se faz necessário. Em primeiro lugar, foca-se em uma análise da teoria de Pierre Lévy. Em segundo lugar, o foco recai sobre a teoria de Byung-Chul Chan. Em terceiro lugar, são analisados pontos de tensão entre ambas as teorias, reconhecendo seus acertos e fragilidades. Por fim, são tecidas as considerações finais. Palavras-chave: Ciberespaço; Espírito; Era Digital; Universalidade; Destotalização. Repercussions of digital technologies on intelligence and thought: a comparative analysis of theories of Pierre Lévy and Byung-Chul Han Abstract: The present article reassesses the philosophical theories of Pierre Lévy and Byung-Chul Han by articulating certain central concepts of their work: Cyberculture; and In the swarm: digital perspectives. The objective was to support a reflection on the repercussions that intelligence, thinking and comprehension have underwent since cyberspace and the digital era have emerged. By comparatively analyzing the aforementioned work by the authors, the essay reaches opposed perspectives concerning the limits, dangers and potentials of cyberspace and the digital era with regard to human development. Although the authors do not reference each other's work, they nevertheless present perspectives of analysis that manifest intense theoretical tensions when compared, thereby warranting an examination of their successes and flaws. First, we focus on analyzing Pierre Lévy's theory. Second, our focus is directed to Buyng-Chul Han's theory. Third, we address tension points between the two theories, recognizing their hits and misses. Finally, we make final considerations. Keywords: Cyberspace; Spirit; Digital Era; Universality; Detotalization. Repercusiones de las tecnologías digitales en la inteligencia y el pensamiento: un análisis comparativo de las teorías de Pierre Lévy y Byung-Chul Han Resumen: Este artículo reconstituye las teorías filosóficas de Pierre Lévy y Byung-Chul Han a través de la articulación de ciertos conceptos centrales de las obras: Cibercultura; y En el enjambre: perspectivas digitales. El objetivo era propiciar la reflexión sobre las repercusiones que la inteligencia, el pensamiento y la comprensión han sufrido tras la irrupción del ciberespacio y la era digital. A través de un análisis comparativo de las obras antes mencionadas, el ensayo se centra en perspectivas diametralmente opuestas sobre los límites, peligros y potencialidades del ciberespacio y la era digital con respecto al desarrollo humano. Aunque no hicieron referencias entre sí en sus obras, los filósofos antes mencionados presentan perspectivas analíticas que manifiestan, al compararlas, intensas tensiones teóricas, por lo que es necesario un examen de sus éxitos y fracasos. En primer lugar, se centra en un análisis de la teoría de Pierre Lévy. En segundo lugar, la atención se centra en la teoría de Byung-Chul Chan. En tercer lugar, se analizan los puntos de tensión entre ambas teorías, reconociendo sus fortalezas y debilidades. Finalmente se hacen consideraciones finales. Palabras-clave: Ciberespacio; Espíritu; Era Digital; Universalidades; Destotalización. Data de registro: 09/06/2024 Data de aceite: 30/10/2024. (shrink)