Identity leadership (IL) describes that the effectiveness of a leader will depend upon his capacity to represent a given group, to make the group go forward, to create a group identity, and to make the group matter. An identity leader may increase commitment among his followers by increasing the perception of shared identity and giving more weight in the decision process to his followers. We aim to explore the mechanisms through which a leader who creates a shared group identity can (...) increase organizational commitment. In the first study, we plan to conduct a cross-cultural correlational study where we aim to test if the relationship between IL and organizational commitment is mediated by team identification and mediated-moderated by participation in decision making (PDM) and collective efficacy. In the second study, we aim to explore the direction of the causality between IL and PDM. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct an experimental study in which (1) we will manipulate IL to test its influence on the perception of PDM and (2) we will manipulate PDM to test its influence on the perception of IL. Thus, we will be able to identify the role of IL and the perception of PDM on organizational commitment. (shrink)

Adorno’s conception of ideology was denounced by Habermas as incompatible with a viable form of social critique. By conflating ideology and the ‘identity principle’ inherent to modern Western reason, he argues, Adorno offered an overly negative characterisation of modernity and failed to recognise its rational potential. This paper questions this line of criticism by revisiting Adorno’s position. While he does sometimes associate ideology with identity-thinking, this association does not exhaust his views on the subject. For Adorno, ideology is just as (...) much a matter of Identität as a matter of Schein, or illusion, and its practical effects. Moreover, he views ideology as an intrinsically dynamic concept, whose definition has changed throughout human history. Drawing on his late sociological writings, I distinguish three major stages in the development of the concept of ideology, namely (a) ideology as simple illusion, a definition associated with the Enlightenment and expanded by the so-called sociology of knowledge; (b) ideology as necessary illusion, invoked by Marx to capture the structural logic of capitalism; and (c) ideology as disillusionment, related to the positivism of late capitalist society. Finally, I reflect on what this survey reveals about the relationship between illusion and identity in Adorno’s theory of ideology. (shrink)

This investigation analyzed the attitudes of Portuguese judges and victim support professionals toward intimate partner homicide committed by women. By administering an online survey disseminated by the Portuguese Superior Council for the Magistracy and the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality, we found that both groups of professionals are not always aligned in their attitudes toward domestic violence and intimate partner homicide, which could jeopardize the articulation between both sectors needed for an effective preventive intervention. However, most professionals of both (...) groups tend to disagree that women provoke their aggressors or lie about their condition as victims of domestic violence and agree that there is a need for increased security and prevention of intimate partner homicides against female and male victims when reporting domestic violence. (shrink)

L’articolo si incentra sul recente volume dell’autrice, “La filosofia a scuola e le relazioni con gli altri”, basato su una ricerca svoltasi attraverso interviste a studenti e docenti di filosofia in cinque istituti superiori di Udine. Agli intervistati è stato chiesto se la filosofia insegnata a scuola riuscisse a mutare la loro visione del mondo e, soprattutto, le loro relazioni con gli altri. L’articolo si sviluppa in tre parti: la prima analizza le premesse metodologiche del libro, la seconda verte sul (...) cambiamento di Weltanschauung e sulle relazioni interpersonali, la terza sulla filosofia come disciplina scolastica. Attraverso la prospettiva fenomenologica, diviene così possibile comprendere gli effetti più o meno incisivi della filosofia sull’esistenza dei ragazzi. (shrink)

No sermão pelo bom sucesso das armas de Portugal contra as da Holanda, Vieira explana todos os seus dotes de prosador invulgar, teólogo eminente, jurista incontornável, humanista convicto e, acima de tudo, patriota assumido. O presente trabalho pretende, sobretudo, relevar o poder argumentative do orador, seguindo de perto as considerações de Chaïm Perelman sobre a Retórica como "discurso que visa convencer ou persuadir". Simultaneamente, desta-cam-se os голоl ou valores universais patenteados no texto de Vieira e que constituem a base da (...) teoria da argumentação de Oswald Ducrot. \\\ In the "Sermon for the good success of the Portuguese army against Holland's", Vieira displays all his gifts as an uncommon writer, an excellent theologian, a non negligeable jurist, a convinced humanist, and, above all, a wholehearted patriot. This essay is an attempt to put in evidence the preacher's argumentative power, on the basis of Chaïm Perelman's considerations on Rethoric as "a speech that aims to convince or persuade". At the same time, we emphasize, as displayed in Vieira's text, the "topoi", or universal values, that are the basis of Oswald Ducrot's argumentation theory. (shrink)

This article provides a critical reexamination of Blaise Pascal’s fragment on the “eternal silence of infinite spaces”, challenging the conventional objections, notably those by Paul Valéry. It presents an analytical journey through the philosophical and existential dimensions of Pascal’s text, exploring the unique interplay between human solitude and cosmic silence. The discussion navigates the intricate relationship between individual perception and the overarching sense of existential dread evoked by the universe’s vastness. This exploration is enriched by contrasting Pascal’s insights with broader (...) philosophical contexts, including references to Kierkegaard and the concept of the ‘music of the spheres’. Ultimately, the paper offers a nuanced interpretation of Pascal’s work, emphasizing its enduring relevance in understanding the human condition within the unfathomable expanse of the universe. (shrink)

Although Hegel is very critical of representative democracy, his views on political participation are in many ways richer and more sophisticated than the ones favoured today by most Western societies. The present paper aims to shed light on this apparent paradox by dispelling some of the misunderstandings still associated with Hegel’s ethical and political thought. I argue, on the one hand, that Hegel’s emphasis on the notion of freedom does not amount to an endorsement of political liberalism, but to a (...) critique of its underlying principles. On the other hand, I show that the Hegelian theory of the modern state, albeit falling short of a fully democratic constitutional solution, is by no means opposed to social justice or political pluralism. Hegel views political freedom as the result of a global web of mutual recognition, embodied by social institutions destined to bridge the gap between private and communal interests. Despite the ambiguous and outdated elements of Hegel’s description, I believe his overall solution remains uniquely relevant, and an important source for the ongoing debate about the merits and limitations of contemporary democracies. (shrink)

Se a crise da racionalidade é uma constante da sua história e uma implicação natural do carácter fragmentário e conjectural do conhecimento, já a sua derrapagem céptica se afigura mais preocupante e insana, sobretudo quando oriunda daqueles sectores da cultura que, por inerência e vocação, mais deveriam velar pela preservação da validade de critérios cognitivos e mora is de indiscutível interesse social. É este, a nosso ver, um estado de coisas que pode e deve ser combatido pelo retorno às fontes (...) intuitivas e onto lógicas da racionalidade. Tal é, pelo menos a breve trecho, a tese que neste artigo se defende em uníssono com a fenomenologia. Assim, após revisitar as concepções clássica e moderna de verdade e relevar de vários modos a natureza auto-refutante do relativismo, o presente texto advoga a normatividad e da razão alegando que a verdade, na sua formalidade, se dá a pensar não apenas como índice de si própria mas ainda da estrutura do próprio ser na sua aprioridade transcendente e ideal. (shrink)

Il presente studio si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare l’antropologia trinitaria di Edith Stein, caratterizzata dall’interazione tra corpo, anima e spirito. A questo scopo, viene effettuata una lettura estetica di tale antropologia, a partire dalla dimensione sensibile ed espressiva. Ciò è possibile grazie a un’apertura originaria dell’individuo all’alterità, apertura che si verifica attraverso modalità empatiche. La prima parte dell’articolo è dedicata a Il problema dell’empatia, in cui viene esplicitato come avviene la costituzione dell’io tramite l’incontro con l’altro. L’aisthesis del Leib e (...) la sua espressività rinviano così alle componenti animiche e spirituali. Nella seconda parte, ci si volge a Essere finito ed essere eterno, in cui la Stein riprende, in virtù di un percorso teologico-mistico, ciò che ha lasciato in sospeso nell’opera giovanile: un’approfondita trattazione dello spirito e della sua interazione con l’anima. Si delinea così la differenza tra le due componenti: la psiche è legata al corpo in virtù della sua funzione senziente e vivificante, mentre lo spirito è libero, capace di atti creativi e di compenetrazione con l’universale. È proprio il Geist a costituire la componente più elevata e feconda dell’uomo, in grado di superare la finitezza individuale e di comunicare, attraverso le espressioni sensibili, con gli altri spiriti incarnati, la natura e il divino. (shrink)

Em texto bem conhecido. interpreta Heidegger a "Ciência da Lógica" de Hegel como o expoente e a expressão mais acabada do modo de pensar onto-teo-lógico. caracteristico da metafisica. porquanto faz reenviar uma à outra as questões ontológica e teológica numa relação de determinação recíproca. Assim. nào só o que é primeiro - o ser na sua imediatez e universalidade — funda à sua maneira o que é último, a saber, a Ideia (Idee), que é o apelativo hegeliano para o Divino. (...) como o que é último funda à sua maneira o que é primeiro. fazendo-o existir. totalizando-o e unificando-o. Não é eerto. porém. que a leitura de Heidegger faça jus ao sentido mais profundo do pensamento hegeliano. Na verdade. embora iniludivel. parece-nos que a relação de determinagao recíproca entre ser e fundamento que ali se apresenta em termos de causa sui. aponta para um pensar já excedentário relativamente ao espaço antinómico da metafisica, antecipando-se á contemporaneidade pela valoração da imanêneia. a que o Absoluto acaba por se exaurir no seu processo de auto-constituição. Tal é, pelo menos. o que nos propomos mostrar atraves de uma apresentação sucinta dos grandes tópicos da Lógica de Hegel, presentes na versão abreviada da sua "Enciclopédia das Ciencias Filosóticas em Epitome". /// In a well known text, Heidegger interprets Hegel's "Science of Logic" as the greatest expression of the onto-teo-logical way of thinking, characteristics of metaphysics, because of his understanding of the ontological and theological questions in an interconnected way. In fact, not only what is first - being in his immediacy and universality - grounds in his own way what is last - the Idea (Idee), which the hegelian term that stands for the Divine - but also what is last explains in his own way what is first, giving it existence. totalizing and unifying it. It is not clear whther Heidegger's reading is correct in what the most profound meaning of the hegelian thought concerns. It seems to us. in fact, that the relation of mutual dependence between being and ground, there formulated in terms of Causa sui. points to a way of thinking that exceeds tha antonomical space of metaphysics, thus anticipating contemporary thought by the valoration of immanence, to which the Absolute confines in his process of realization. In any way. this is what we intend to show through a concise presentation of the main topics of Hegel' Logic, as they are exposed in his "Enciclopedy of Philosophical Sciences". (shrink)

Segundo o autor do artigo, o estudo do tédio na obra de Kierkegaard tem sido objecto de relativamente pouco interesse, sobretudo quando comparado com a angústia, a melancolia, a ironia ou o desespero. A verdade, porém, é que o tédio constitui uma disposição fundamental, um limite extremo de uma forma da existência. Neste sentido, o artigo pretende fazer uma análise das principais formas que a disposição do tédio assume, e da sua particular relevância no interior do que, na obra de (...) Kierkegaard, se chama "estádio estético". Em ordem a esse fim, o autor analisa a relação que o tédio mantém com as possibilidades que a vida disponibiliza e, sobretudo, a sua peculiar relação com o nada. Mostra-se sobretudo que tipo de lucidez se pode considerar como efeito do tédio, qual o aspecto da vida que nele se torna patente e de que forma, por ele, o sujeito acaba por reconhecer estar constituído numa superioridade relativamente a tudo o que é finito. Assim, no centro deste estudo estão as determinações fundamentais de disposição e de finito, bem como, num segundo momento, o esboço de uma "anatomia comparada" das disposições fundamentais do sujeito humano, a saber, do tédio, da melancolia e da angústia. \\\ The study of boredom in Kierkegaard's work has attracted relatively little interest compared to the more visited themes of anxiety, melancholy, irony and despair. For Kierkegaard, boredom is a fundamental mood. And only when we are in this mood can we experience one of the extreme states of existence. For Kierkegaard, boredom manifests itself in what he terms the "aesthetic stage". With this premise in mind, the article explains the relationship boredom has with the possibilities life puts before us, but more importantly its peculiar relationship with nothingness. The article explores in particular the effect boredom has on lucidity and, more specifically, attempts to answer the question about the aspect of life that is better perceived when the subject is in a state of boredom. A crucial question, for example, is this: how does being in a state of boredom reveal to the human subject the fact that he/she is superior to everything that is finite? At the centre of the article are the notions of mood and finiteness, in accordance to which the author delivers what might be called a "comparative anatomy" of fundamental states of human existence such as boredom, melancholy and anxiety. (shrink)

Summary This paper tries to analyse the historical and present contribution of phenomenology to the hermeneutics of traditions. This attempt is achieved by retracing, in main lines, the history of phenomenological movement, his birth, constitution and evolution. In this proposal, it is showed how, by his both internal and external critics, classic phenomenology is moved to open itself to other contemporary trends of thought, namely hermeneutics and philosophy of language, and, in dialogue with these and with the human sciences, to (...) transform itself in a more fruitful way. This is truth, first of all, in respect of Husserl’s·thought, which evolves from static phenomenology, centered in the analysis of the noetic-noematic intentional correlation from the point of view of a transcendental idealism, to genetic and historical phenomenology, based on the “Ur-Impression” of the living-present, as the founding phenomenon-event of all meaning’s constitution. A decisive point is made by Heidegger in stressing the hermeneutic, discursive and historical character of all ontological understanding. This allows emphasizing the question of the sense formation (Sinnbildung), which precedes and enables all symbolic and signic institution of meaning (Sinnstiftung), therefore providing a guiding line for search on the topic of the historical constitution of language and traditions. (shrink)

This paper intends to present the main lines of Heidegger’s philosophical program, as it was first presented in the book “Being and Time” and has been consistently developed in the later steps of his philosophical career. The adopted approach consists in confronting the program with Metaphysics, intended as a discipline concerning being, his structure and modes, having its own theoretical body of theses and history. This is not just one more point of view, among others, but the main question of (...) Heidegger’s thought, which has, since his early years, put him in the way to thought. And this in two regards: not only because underlying Metaphysics stands the great question of being, his meaning and ground, that human beings bring with them as a fundamental purpose of their existence and history, but also because, as a science, it presents a structure which has become problematic and, therefore, demands to be clarified and examined in his presuppositions and limits. The interpretation here proposed of Heidegger’s thought in its whole tends to be read as a repeated essay of proceeding to a new instauration of Metaphysics through a constant dialogue and discussion of its fundamental theses concerning being. The main contribution that Heidegger intends to bring to this topic concerns the proposal of a new way of understanding being: an existentialistic one instead of the naturalistic approach of Greek essentialism. In Heidegger’s approach, temporality, in its human mode of occurrence, acquires a peculiar relevance to a new conception of being as a process of coming to presence. (shrink)

_Avoiding Emotions, Living Emotions_ explores the psychoanalytic encounter and examines how emotions are formed and experienced by both the patient and analyst. The author narrates key theoretical concepts through the presentation of clinical material from adult and child analysis and emphasises the importance of being able to foster these narrations. Offering new insights into how the mind works, topics of discussion include: Bion’s thinking and its fertilization: clinical implications variations on transference and countertransference image and narration. Providing the reader with (...) clinical exercises and case reports, this book will be of great interest to psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychiatrists, as well as being a helpful tool in psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic work on a day-to-day basis. (shrink)

Key representatives of the dialectical tradition, Hegel and Adorno conceived philosophy as a critical tool, directed both at the naive realism of ordinary reason and the more sophisticated realism of modern scientific discourse. For the two authors, philosophy’s main task is to question received ideas and practices and to expose their underlying contradictions, thereby enabling meaningful forms of cultural and political change. But while for Hegel this procedure takes the form of a systematic enquiry, leading from a spurious to a (...) true account of reality, Adorno rejects the idea that reason and reality can be reconciled. On the one hand, he praises Hegel for having developed a truly dialectical form of criticism, set into motion by the immanent unfolding of reality’s intrinsic contradictions. On the other hand, he views Hegel’s emphasis on systematic integration as a form of dogmatism, which must itself be criticized. Instead of a ‘positive’ or ‘closed’ dialectic, fuelled by the expectation of a final overarching synthesis, Adorno calls for a ‘negative’ or ‘open’ dialectic, radically averse to all forms of unification. In doing so, however, he is led to question the very limits of conceptual reason, leaving criticism vulnerable to new forms of attack. (shrink)

Con un índice de contenidos muy amplio: un prólogo, una introducción, varios capítulos, una gran lista de bibliografía y un índice onomástico, Delia Manzanero nos proporciona una obra de lectura obligatoria para los estudiosos del krausismo en general, del español en particular pero, sobre todo, de una figura como la de Francisco Giner de los Ríos. Se trata del primero de dos volúmenes sobre dicho tema, aunque en el prólogo se adelanta el título del segundo número de la serie: Filosofía (...) del derecho de Giner y su ideal de Europa, por lo que seguramente pronto se encontrará a nuestra disposición. Ante la incertidumbre de cómo será dicha obra no puedo sino recomendar la lectura de la presente, tanto por su rigor como por su claridad. Inexcusablemente debemos aludir al Grupo de Investigación sobre Liberalismo, Krausismo y Masonería de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid, por ser el lugar en el que ha surgido... (shrink)

Very often reality is identified with our knowledge of it, and in turn our knowledge of reality is identified with the linguistic manner of describing it. It is claimed that the three moments cannot be identified, by pointing out some crucial differences among them obtained through an analysis of the power and limitations of languages and of the manners of acquisition of knowledge.

We propose a set theory, called NRFST, in which the Cantorian axiom of infinity is negated, and a new notion of infinity is introduced via non standard methods, i. e. via adequate notions of standard and internal, two unary predicates added to the language of ZF. After some initial results on NRFST, we investigate its relative consistency with respect to ZF and Kawai's WNST.