Studying cartoons about the economic crisis and focusing on a pair of scissors as a symbol, I prove how they first turn into unambiguous metaphor for the economic crisis and then experience an evolution in order to adapt to new communication contexts. Along these processes, they undergo more complex changes such as coadaptation and speciation. This has allowed for the scissors meme as a symbol of economic cutbacks to permeate society, and for its metaphorical use to occupy many disparate communication (...) scenarios, unlike other symbolic elements that were also used, but turned out to be less cognitively efficient and therefore offered fewer evolutionary possibilities. (shrink)

In this article I study the genesis of metaphors from an evolutionary perspective. Analyzing 414 cartoons published after the death of the cartoonists of the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, I propose a metaphoric founder effect with the metaphors “PENCIL IS A WEAPON,” “PENCIL IS A CARTOONIST,” and “PENCIL IS FREEDOM,” and a subsequent metaphor drift that creates many related metaphors. Additionally, the success of these metaphors turns the pencil meme into a very efficient and fast-spreading item representing not only (...) the work of cartoonists, but also the fundamental values of Western culture, such as freedom of expression. (shrink)

ABSTRACTMetaphors are a genuinely human construction. They are used to improve communication and they are a very powerful tool that might have an influence in human evolution. In this article I argue that metaphors, transformed in powerful memes, adapt to a new communicative niche and contribute to transform it. In order to prove this hypothesis, I study 319 cartoons published in the wake of the Germanwings air crash, where I inventory 144 metaphors. The study shows the conceptual metaphor evolution for (...) a period of 2 weeks, and how the metaphors changed as a result of the variations in the communicative niche, becoming much more efficient communicatively. (shrink)

Women account for 70% of healthcare workers, so their role has been – and still is – fundamental in addressing and managing the current pandemic event caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Far from being an opportunity to highlight the importance of women in the field, the healthcare crisis, together with lockdown policies and care responsibilities, have contributed to increase the gender gap. To study the depiction of women healthcare professionals, this paper analyses 401 cartoons on the COVID-19 pandemic that depict (...) healthcare workers. Most represent doctors as men and nurses as women, in roles subordinate to men. The representation of women is also impacted by stereotypes that do not contribute to better reflect the roles and professional skills of women in the healthcare field today. (shrink)

Ante la urgencia de atender a los problemas cuya solución no es solo material, el universo espiritual humano se presenta como una categoría central. Al conjugar lo racional y lo afectivo, se delimita su esencia, asimismo se despliega una reflexión teórica y se revela su presencia en el pensamiento de José Martí. Se estudian sus es- critos de 1881-1882 en el diario caraqueño La Opinión Nacional, hasta ahora poco analizados, para mostrar la relación dialéctica en la visión unitaria e integradora, (...) así como sus consideraciones sobre el universo espiritual humano. (shrink)

Se recoge una serie de trabajos que, desde el año 1990 hasta la actualidad, ha dedicado el autor a la reflexión sobre los aspectos ontológicos y políticos en la obra de Espinosa, investigación que se enmarca en el contexto del renacimiento de la reflexión sobre Espinosa en nuestro país impulsada de forma entusiasta y eficaz por Atilano Domínguez. La recuperación de la obra de Espinosa, así como de su talante, puede ser muy importante hoy en día, ya que en su (...) época este autor se resistió a aceptar la cultura de crisis impuesta por el Barroco como pantalla ideológica para ocultar el despliegue del Estado absolutista. (shrink)

This study aims to examine how interdisciplinary urban interventions within architectural education can effectively address social justice issues. Motivated by the growing need for inclusive and equitable urban spaces, this research explores the potential of collaborative design and participatory research methods to foster social awareness and community engagement. Focusing on student-led projects in cities such as Houston, San Diego, and Amsterdam, this study addresses social justice challenges across themes like Art Activism, Tactical Urbanism, environmental justice, and gender equity. Using case (...) study analysis, digital mapping, and poster creation as core methodologies, the research demonstrates the value of multi-scalar, interdisciplinary approaches in tackling complex urban problems. The key findings highlight that integrating these approaches into architectural education promotes critical engagement with social justice issues, equipping students with practical skills for future professional challenges. The implications suggest that expanding this framework to diverse urban contexts could enhance its impact, offering a foundation for further studies on interdisciplinary design as a tool for urban equity. (shrink)

In Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, the border city across from El Paso, TX, the intersection of "Machismo” (EntreMundos 2019), micro-machismo (EntreMundos 2019), the manufacturing industry—maquilas—and the Narco War has brought immense suffering to women. The Feminist Movement, born from gender violence intensified by the Narco War and entrenched cultural norms, is a response to these issues. Borderland women have raised their voices through protests on Women's International Day, advocating for legal reforms like nationwide abortion legalization and using social media to spotlight (...) these tragic realities. Despite facing violence and adversity, Juarense women persist in their unwavering pursuit of societal change. This article explores the driving forces behind this uprising and the resilient efforts of Juarez women to instigate meaningful societal shifts in their region. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Empathy is relevant to sociomoral development, especially in relation to prosociality and the penalization of acts as faults and crimes. The objective of this research was to test whether empathy is a predictor of prosociality and of perceptions of seriousness of delinquent acts among research participants in Argentina and Spain. The Argentinian sample comprised 215 high school and university students. The Spanish sample comprised 199 university students. The proposed theoretical model showed good fit in both countries. Although empathy was (...) found to predict prosocial conduct more than the perception of the seriousness acts as offenses and crimes, empathy was a significant of both prosocial conduct and perception of the seriousness acts as faults and crimes. Thus, the importance of empathy in morality was supported for both countries, supporting the influence of in different cultural context. (shrink)

“It is certainly true, as nominalists have been concerned to acknowledge, that judgements about kinds are determined in part by human interests, projects, and practices. But the possibility that human interests, projects, and practices sometimes develop as they do because the real (physical or social) world is as it is suggests that this sort of dependence is not by itself an argument against essentialism.”.

Common knowledge of a proposition A can be characterized by the following infinitary conjunction: everybody knows A and everybody knows that everybody knows A and everybody knows that everybody knows that everybody knows A and so on. We present a survey of deductive systems for the logic of common knowledge. In particular, we present two different Hilbert-style axiomatizations and two infinitary cut-free sequent systems. Further we discuss the problem of syntactic cut-elimination for common knowledge. The paper concludes with a list (...) of open problems. (shrink)

The institutional network of law and state power peculiar to sovereign national states is in danger of disintegrating in the face of economic globalisation - such is the conclusion of numerous diagnoses of the present condition. At the same time, recent publications articulate the hope that supranational institutions will form which will be able to guarantee the rule of law across national boundaries. What is certain is that globalisation brings about new insecurities, which place new demands on national and international (...) legal systems. Working from a philosophical or legal perspective, the individual papers examine the transformation of sovereignty, tendencies towards international systems of law, the criteria for global social justice, and the development of supranational forms of constitution. (shrink)

The Thomistic comprehension of the immortality of the soul, in its extraordinary greatness and originality, is built upon the Angelic’s most sublime discovery: the act of being. However, we can already find in the Egyptians some contributions —although indirect— to this comprehension. Regarding the nature of the soul, there are some intuitions of great relevance around the Osiris Trial, the structure of the soul and its relation with the body and the post mortem evolution phases. These intuitions will be assimilated (...) into the Greek metaphysics, assumed and raised by Thomas Aquinas and, based on his genius, continued by the transcendental anthropology. (shrink)

The contents of linguistic and mental representations may seem to be individuated by what they are about. But a problem arises with regard to representation of the non-existent - words and thoughts that are about things that don't exist. Fourteen new essays get to grips with this much-debated problem.

En este trabajo se presenta una intervención psicológica con un jugador de fútbol profesional que muestra un nivel muy bajo de confianza y problemas para poder concentrarse durante las competiciones. Desde un enfoque cognitivo-conductual se implementó un programa de entrenamiento psicológico con una duración de cuatro meses. Se realizó una evaluación inicial y final para valorar la satisfacción y la eficacia del programa. La intervención estuvo formada por técnicas y estrategias como reestructuración cognitiva, establecimiento de objetivos, plan de competición, auto-registros (...) conductuales y técnicas de relajación y visualización. Al finalizar el programa el futbolista muestra un nivel mucho más alto de confianza y tiene recursos eficaces para poder concentrarse tanto en los partidos como en los entrenamientos. Se postula la adecuación del enfoque cognitivo-conductual a la intervención psicológica en el ámbito deportivo, enfatizando la importancia de incorporar estrategias psicológicas en el trabajo del entrenamiento deportivo. (shrink)

El Romanticismo hizo aportes fundamentales en la teoría de la pintura: por un lado centró la atención en su visualidad como arle de la apariencia y su idealización: por el otro, la coaccionó con el significado, poniéndola al servicio de la religión y el poder, estimuló el goce y la crítica del arte, pero los condenó también en favor de una actitud reverencial ante él. La pintura de los Nazarenos representa la intención romántica de una nueva pintura cristiana, alemana y (...) patriótica que habría de reorientar el espíritu de la época. Hegel se opuso radicalmente a este proyecto: su tesis del fin del arte no tiene sólo una explicación sistemática, sino que responde igualmente a un debate histórico concreto. El artículo aborda las posiciones de Wackenroder, August y Friedrich Schlegel, y Overbeck. (shrink)

La diversificación moderna de los saberes sobre el ser humano ha llevado a una visión diversificada de la antropología tomista. Se impone una vuelta revitalizadora a esta antropología que muestre la unidad estructural que para Santo Tomás tienen el alma y el hombre. El trabajo se centrará en las tres tesis que articulan la teoría tomista del espíritu y, en concreto, la exposición que nuestro autor hace en la Summa contra gentiles, obra capital en la producción del Angélico que, sin (...) embargo, ha sido bastante marginada. (shrink)

En Tomás de Aquino la inmortalidad es incorruptibilidad, inmaterialidad, trascendencia, supratemporalidad..., pero en su sentido más alto es sempiternitas in essendo, el mismo ser del espíritu. La antropología trascendental de Polo con su noción de libertad trascendental y la inagotabilidad del carácter de ademas, nos ofrece una lúcida comprension de la sempiternidad en el ser y abre una importante vía de prosecución de la doctrina tomista acerca de la inmortalidad del alma.