Le livre de Loredana Mancini est le deuxième volume de la collection “Antropologia del Mondo Antico. Collana del Centro di Antropologia del Mondo Antico dell’Università di Siena”, dirigée par Maurizio Bettini. L’auteur est chercheuse spécialisée en iconographie de l’art ancien et en histoire de l’archéologie, ce qui explique l’inclusion à la fin du livre d’un catalogue de 152 monuments qui offrent des images, fragmentaires ou entières, de sirènes antiques et médiévales, accompagnées ou non de...

This paper inquires into the conceptual nature of self-deception. I shall afford a theory which links SD to wishful thinking. First I present two rival models for the analysis of SD, and suggest reasons why the interpersonal model is flawed. It is necessary for supporters of this model to work out a strategy that avoids the ascription of inconsistency to the self-deceiver in order to fulfill the requirements of the charity principle. Some objections to the compartmentalization strategy are put forward, (...) and a motivational theory is advanced. This theory diverges from Mele 's account of SD in that it establishes as a necessary condition for SD the existence of a causal link between a desire and a belief unacknowledged by the self-deceived subject, who is unaware also of the counterevidential nature of his belief, allows only 'weak SD' cases and offers methodological reasons against the seemingly intentional and dissociative nature of SD and stresses the deception-SD asymmetry. /// El presente artículo intenta investigar la naturaleza conceptual del autoengaño. Presentaré dos modelos rivales de análisis y ofreceré razones contra la teoría interpersonal frente a la motivacional, alegando las dificultades que comporta seguir alguna de sus estrategias de compartimentación para evitar la atribución de inconsistencia simple al sujeto autoengañado. Defenderé una teoría que vincula el autoengaño con la creencia desiderativa. Se trata de una teoría motivacional que difiere de la de Mele en que establece como condición necesaria para el autoengaño que se dé una relación causal entre el deseo y la creencia pertinentes, relación cuya existencia desconoce el sujeto, que ignora también el grado en que su creencia es incompatible con los datos empíricamente disponibles, acepta sólo casos de autoengaño débil y ofrece razones metodológicas contra la supuesta naturaleza intencional y disociativa del autoengaño y subraya la asimetría autoengaño/engaño. (shrink)

Soilless crops are commonly used in rooftop agriculture because they easily adapt to building constraints. However, acceptance of the produce derived from this system may be controversial. This paper evaluates consumers’ acceptance of food from RA in Mediterranean cities, focusing on the quality of the product, production system, and consumers’ motivations. We surveyed 238 respondents on the UAB university campus as potential consumers. The survey was distributed via an Internet-link that was provided along with a sample of tomatoes from RA. (...) The results showed that most people approved the quality of RA products and perceived them to be local and fresh. The respondents exhibited acceptance of soilless-produced tomatoes and considered them to be environmentally better than conventionally produced ones. Cluster analysis revealed that consumers with high income levels and a university education had a better perception of the quality and proposed a higher price for RA products, but no difference was found regarding their environmental perception of this products. Moreover, people who possessed more information about the product also had a higher perception of the quality and production system and would pay more for them. The main concerns of consumers were related to food safety and the social impact of RA. Additional research is needed to improve the sustainability of RA, and the applied measures should be communicated to potential consumers to enhance their acceptance and success. (shrink)

Background: The relationship between healthcare professionals and patients in the Spanish health sector has undergone dramatic change. One aspect of this is that the use of informed consent has become a key factor in the delivery of adequate healthcare. But although a certain period of time has already passed since informed consent started to be used, in Spain there is still doubt about how adequately informed consent is being used. Objectives: (a) To look at how patients understand the notion and (...) purpose of informed consent, and (b) how the informed consent is applied – the way patients receive such information affects their level of participation and decision making during the time they receive medical care. Methodology: We use interpretative description of interviews with patients. We developed guiding questions for the interviews with patients in two preliminary and exploratory focus groups. Then, we carried out 20 personal open-ended interviews with 20 purposive selected patients with illnesses that had a serious impact on their lives. Ethical considerations: Permission from ethical committees and institutions involved in the study, and consent and confidentiality were ensured before conducting the research. Results: The findings show that while patients agreed that their consent should be necessary for health professionals to be able to intervene, they had serious difficulty obtaining and then understanding information offered to them at the moment when they were being asked to sign informed consent documents. The participants were critical of the consent documents, which they considered were treated as merely a formality and even some of them had felt coerced to sign. Discussion: Participants confirmed that the informed consent documents that they signed did not meet their ethical objectives. Their perception of the purpose of consent indicates that informed consent document may still be largely understood as a formality rather an ethical obligation. (shrink)

An inquiry from Vico's formulation of the general idea of history leads to a reinterpretation of the way Marx deals with the general notion of "history", which is not understood as the linear continuity of different production systems, but as the genesis of some systems' conditions from others' integral elements. It is singled out that Althusser has been the first Marxist who fully understood this complexity and the first who undertook the composite character of Marx's historical time. The article closes (...) on some reflections on the singularity of the "Idea of Time" and its construction.Una indagación a partir de la idea general de historia formulada por Vico sirve de cauce para reinterpretar el modo como Marx trata la noción general de historia, entendiéndola no como continuidad de unos sistemas productivos por otros, sino como génesis de las condiciones de unos en los elementos integrantes de otros. Se señala que Althusser ha sido el primer marxista en comprender esa complejidad y en abordar el carácter compuesto del tiempo histórico en Marx. Se cierra con una pequeña reflexión en torno a la peculiaridad de la "idea de tiempo" y a su construcción. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is not to focus on a particular thematic issue of Aesthetics, offering an exhaustive approach of it, but to display a broader map allowingto capture the essence of this topic from an overall perspective. To achieve it, I have paid attention to a number of points that will help to place Aesthetics in historical terms in the context of 18th century Great Britain. In this vein, I have addressed certain pillars deemed crucial in understanding Aesthetics, (...) such as the socio-historical background in which it emerged, the meaning of this field of study, its main theoreticians and its three most important aesthetic categories. Finally, I close the paper by drawing some brief conclusions. (shrink)

Human conscience is intrinsically related to time, in the extent in which its essence is pure expectation. This is the main thesis of Grimaldi in his writing on the “Three sources of the relation: life, conscience, time”, a thesis which is developed in four steps: 1) There is no present without experience of antecedence; 2) There is no present without experience of expectation; 3) Time is, therefore, the scheme of life; 4) Conscience is witness of the metaphysical split. Some questions (...) are put: Could the conscience objectivise time without being beyond it? It is better founded the thesis of the absence than the thesis of the presence? (shrink)

The article discusses the so-called university crisis showing that, simultaneously to this crisis and the unstructuring process, we are facing a reconversion of the institution on the frame of the contemporary information society that models it as a potential enterprise. Nowadays, universities are being inserted in the cognitive capitalism, which makes a business activity out of the production of knowledge, thus subjected to every mechanism of capitalist production and dependent of the marketing of its items/services. As a conclusion, the article (...) reviews the various strategies displayed to face the university crisis: the official strategies of the academic institutions, the proposals of the teaching profession and the student's proposals; each of them analyses this process from different. (shrink)

Je me propose ici d’esquisser une certaine position ontologique subjectiviste sui generis en esthétique et de la justifier contre ses opositeurs. Je vais soutenir que cette position est liée à une métaesthétique normativiste modérée, où les propriétés esthétiques, même si elles sont pas considerée comme indépendates de l’esprit face aux propriétés descriptives, ne sont pas relatives à chaque psychologie individuelle ou à une institution intersubjective déterminée. Contre le subjectivisme indi-vidualiste, cette position ne s’avère pas antinormativiste, en ce qu’elle n’accepte pas (...) ce que j’appelle ‘la thèse de l’égalité du jugement esthéti-que’, issue de l’argument de la divergence. D’un autre côté, contre le normativisme extrême de l’objectivisme, elle rejette l ‘existence de nor-mes esthétiques universelles, bien qu’elle reconnaisse l’existence de rela-tions de survenance entre des propriétés non-esthétiques et des proprié-tes esthétiques. Or, en partant d’une métaesthétique normativiste mini-maliste comme celle-ci, on peut soutenir que les jugements esthétiques , s’ils sont relatifs à un certain type de réaction psychologique, appartiennent cependant à ‘l’espace des raisons’sans devoir payer les conséquences d’affirmer, comme les partisans du normativisme extrême qu’il y a des normes esthétiques stricte-ment universelles. (shrink)

Una indagación a partir de la idea general de historia formulada por Vico sirve de cauce para reinterpretar el modo como Marx trata la noción general de historia, entendiéndola no como continuidad de unos sistemas productivos por otros, sino como génesis de las condiciones de unos en los elementos integrantes de otros. Se señala que Althusser ha sido el primer marxista en comprender esa complejidad y en abordar el carácter compuesto del tiempo histórico en Marx. Se cierra con una pequeña (...) reflexión en torno a la peculiaridad de la “idea de tiempo” y a su construcción. (shrink)

El monoteísmo musulmán insiste en dos aspectos divinos. Por una parte Dios es «todo misericordia», por otra parte es Uno y totalmente diferente del ser humano. La insistencia de los teólogos musulmanes a lo largo de la historia en este segundo aspecto aleja a Dios de los creyentes. El sentimiento religioso de los fieles ha intentado por diversas vías acercarse a la divinidad. Las vías más importantes han sido la mediación del profeta Muhammad y de los santos, así como la (...) vía del diálogo interior de los místicos. (shrink)

Dans le Beyrouth des annees 1910-1920, deux hommes et deux femmes, ayant en commun des origines grecques et le metier d'ecrivain-journaliste, voient leurs destins se croiser autour du mouvement arabiste. Considere aujourd'hui comme martyr de la Nation libanaise, Petro Paoli (1882-1916) est condamne en raison de ses ecrits par le tribunal ottoman d'exception de Aley et execute le 6 mai 1916. Constantin Yanni (1885-1947) echappe au meme sort et se rend au Hijaz ou il prend part a la Grande revolte (...) menee par le Cherif Hussein. Marie Ajami (1888-1965), fiancee tragique de Petro et Marie Yanni (1890-1975), sur de Constantin, menent un double-combat en faveur de la cause feministe et de l'independance nationale. Ce livre suit le cheminement de la quete d'un Quatuor qui entraine l'auteur dans le dedale des identites multiples, entre memoire et oubli. Le temps de la recherche rythme le recit. Les carnets de bord tenus par Basma Zerouali tissent une trame dans laquelle viennent s'inserer compte-rendu historique, documents d'archives, photographies et entretiens realises lors d'enquetes de terrain. L'actualite d'alors s'y dessine par petites touches, de la France au Liban en passant par la Grece des annees de " crise " ou le Damas du dernier ete avant la guerre. Membre scientifique de l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes, Basma Zerouali y dirige depuis 2012 le programme de recherche La Grece et le monde arabe. Elle a collabore durant plusieurs annees aux recherches du Centre d'etudes d'Asie Mineure a Athenes et a enseigne a l'Universite de Chypre. Elle est l'auteur de nombreux travaux portant sur le cosmopolitisme et le metissage culturel en Mediterranee orientale. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to discuss and illustrate the grammaticalization process and the polysemic and polyfunctional nature of the Spanish and Catalan markers la verdad and la veritat, from an original objectified referential meaning of the forms to a highly subjectified procedural meaning of the markers. The pragmatic meaning of these markers stems from the loss of semantic features and the different uses that they can adopt in a variety of syntactic and pragmatic contexts, where their subjective, evaluative, (...) and intensifying modal dimensions are fully manifested. In lexical terms, they are noun phrases that can take variable and invariable forms. In morphological terms, the variable form is inflected in number and has a referential value, whereas the invariable form, prosodically extraposed, or followed by a verbal predicate when working as pragmatic marker, is always uninflected and is polyfunctional, with a procedural value. When followed by a verbal predicate, la verdad and la veritat acquire a structural dimension, besides their modal illocutionary one, being used as boundary markers that separate description of facts from first person evaluation, in a monologued stretch of discourse. In an interactional context, the marker frequently prefaces counter expectations. In order to show its grammaticalization process, I will discuss and exemplify their role as evidential marker with a truth-attesting value, epistemic modality markers used to introduce the speaker’s attitude to the content of the proposition or to the addressee in the context of an utterance, intensifiers or boosters used to modify the illocutionary force of a speech act, and discourse boundary markers used to delimit real-world facts from personal opinion. In order to account for their polysemic and polyfunctional dimensions, I will propose salient meanings and prototypical functions. (shrink)

Approaches to Nietzsche’s political philosophy abound. In this article, however, we explore the possibility of identifying not only a political philosophy, but also a political-theological reading in Nietzsche’s texts. In fact, such a political-theological reading already has something of a genealogy. In the 1960s, “radical theology” appropriated the Nietzschean topic of the death of God, which engendered a transferred radical political theology consisting in radical democracy. The first part of this article explores twentieth-century political theologies surrounding the death of God. (...) We ask herein if this is the only possible political-theological reading of Nietzsche’s texts. The second part argues that, in fact, we can ascribe to Nietzsche a “theological” intention that is transferable to his political theory in a way that differs from the attempts of radical political theology and other political theologies surrounding the death of God. We conclude that, in any case, Nietzsche’s political theology aims to counterbalance St. Paul’s nihilism more than to constitute a determined political view. (shrink)

SUMMARYIn recent years, Ernst H. Kantorowicz's work The King's Two Bodies has been the object of both historical and philosophical research. Kantorowicz decided to subtitle his book ‘A Study in Medieval Political Theology’, but few scholars have actually recognised his work as research in ‘political theology’. The aim of this article, then, is to uncover the sense in which his book might be considered a work of ‘political theology’, especially in the sense coined by Carl Schmitt in 1922. Such a (...) discussion ultimately aims to contribute to the foundation of political-theology research, a subject that has been widespread among European intellectuals in the twentieth century and which continues to be a focus of interest. This article argues that Kantorowicz's book can be interpreted as a practice of—and also an enriching addition to—Schmitt's thesis on political theology, even if it does not mention Schmitt's name. Such a conclusion is only possible by accepting that there was a heated dialogue between Kantorowicz and Schmitt through Erik Peterson's work. The article further discusses its approach with other scholars that, even though they are based on similar hypotheses, make different conclusions. (shrink)

De Bie et al. (2023) introduces a framework to conceptualize ethical issues based on four different domains, but the problem lies in the domains being falsely bounded. Apart from the step from doma...

The aim of this study is to examine the link between working memory capacity and the ability to exert cognitive control. Here, participants with either high or low working memory capacity (WMC) performed a semantic negative priming (NP) task as a measure of cognitive control. They were required to ignore a single prime word followed by a pattern mask appearing immediately or after a delay. The prime could be semantically related or unrelated to an upcoming target word where a forced-choice (...) categorization was required. Each type of mask (immediate vs. delayed) appeared randomly from trial to trial. Results demonstrated that, when the ignored prime was immediately followed by the mask, neither of the groups (high or low WMC) showed reliable NP. In clear contrast, when the mask onset was delayed responses latencies were reliably slower for semantically related trials than for unrelated trials (semantic NP), but only for the high WMC group. The present results clearly demonstrate that semantic NP from single ignored primes depends on both the masking pattern that follows the prime (immediate vs. delayed mask), and on working memory capacity. (shrink)