Results for 'Neurons. '

984 found
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  1. George L. Gerstein.Interactions Within Neuronal - 1990 - In J. McGaugh, Jerry Weinberger & G. Lynch (eds.), Brain Organization and Memory: Cells, Systems, and Circuits. Guilford Press.
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  2. Mirror Neurons and Social Cognition.Shannon Spaulding - 2013 - Mind and Language 28 (2):233-257.
    Mirror neurons are widely regarded as an important key to social cognition. Despite such wide agreement, there is very little consensus on how or why they are important. The goal of this paper is to clearly explicate the exact role mirror neurons play in social cognition. I aim to answer two questions about the relationship between mirroring and social cognition: What kind of social understanding is involved with mirroring? How is mirroring related to that understanding? I argue that philosophical and (...)
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  3. Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading.Vittorio Gallese & Alvin I. Goldman - 1998 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2 (12):493–501.
    A new class of visuomotor neuron has been recently discovered in the monkey’s premotor cortex: mirror neurons. These neurons respond both when a particular action is performed by the recorded monkey and when the same action, performed by another individual, is observed. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system matching observation and execution of goal-related motor actions. Experimental evidence suggests that a similar matching system also exists in humans. What might be the functional role of this matching system? One (...)
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  4.  33
    Smarter neuronal signaling complexes from existing components: How regulatory modifications were acquired during animal evolution.Gareth M. Thomas & Takashi Hayashi - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (11):929-939.
    Neurons of organisms with complex and flexible behavior, especially humans, must precisely control protein localization and activity to support higher brain functions such as learning and memory. In contrast, simpler organisms generally have simpler individual neurons, less complex nervous systems and display more limited behaviors. Strikingly, however, many key neuronal proteins are conserved between organisms that have very different degrees of behavioral complexity. Here we discuss a possible mechanism by which conserved neuronal proteins acquired new attributes that were crucial in (...)
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  5. Mirror neurons are not evidence for the Simulation Theory.Shannon Spaulding - 2012 - Synthese 189 (3):515-534.
    Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in theories of mindreading. New discoveries in neuroscience have revitalized the languishing debate. The discovery of so-called mirror neurons has revived interest particularly in the Simulation Theory (ST) of mindreading. Both ST proponents and theorists studying mirror neurons have argued that mirror neurons are strong evidence in favor of ST over Theory Theory (TT). In this paper I argue against the prevailing view that mirror neurons are evidence for the ST of mindreading. (...)
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  6.  21
    Embryonic neuronal transplantation.Alan Fine - 1984 - Bioessays 1 (5):210-213.
    Foetal neurones transplanted within the adult mammalian central nervous system survive and differentiate. Study of such transplants has yielded insights into the function, development and plasticity of brain structures, and suggests promising new therapies for a number of neurological disorders.
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  7.  77
    Mirror neurons and practices: A response to Lizardo.Stephen P. Turner - 2007 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 37 (3):351–371.
    Lizardo argues that The Social Theory of Practices is refuted by the discovery of mirror neurons. The book argues that the kind of sameness of tacit mental content assumed by practice theorists such as Bourdieu is fictional, because there is no actual process by which the same mental content can be transmitted. Mirror neurons, Lizardo claims, provide such a mechanism, as they imply that bodily automatisms, which can be understood as the basis of habitus and concepts, can be shared and (...)
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  8.  14
    Neuronal Morphological Model-Driven Image Registration for Serial Electron Microscopy Sections.Fangxu Zhou, Bohao Chen, Xi Chen & Hua Han - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Registration of a series of the two-dimensional electron microscope images of the brain tissue into volumetric form is an important technique that can be used for neuronal circuit reconstruction. However, complex appearance changes of neuronal morphology in adjacent sections bring difficulty in finding correct correspondences, making serial section neural image registration challenging. To solve this problem, we consider whether there are such stable "markers" in the neural images to alleviate registration difficulty. In this paper, we employ the spherical deformation model (...)
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  9.  65
    Mirror neurons: From origin to function.Richard Cook, Geoffrey Bird, Caroline Catmur, Clare Press & Cecilia Heyes - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (2):177-192.
    This article argues that mirror neurons originate in sensorimotor associative learning and therefore a new approach is needed to investigate their functions. Mirror neurons were discovered about 20 years ago in the monkey brain, and there is now evidence that they are also present in the human brain. The intriguing feature of many mirror neurons is that they fire not only when the animal is performing an action, such as grasping an object using a power grip, but also when the (...)
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  10.  80
    Mirror neurons: A sensorimotor representation system.Vittorio Gallese & Christian Keysers - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (5):983-984.
    Positing the importance of sensorimotor contingencies for perception is by no means denying the presence and importance of representations. Using the evidence of mirror neurons we will show the intrinsic relationship between action control and representation within the logic of forward models.
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  11. Mirror Neurons, Consciousness, and the Bearer Question.Mihretu P. Guta - 2023 - In Angus Menuge, Brian Krouse & Robert Marks (eds.), -Minding the Brain: Models of the Mind, Information, and Empirical Science. Seattle: Discovery Institute Press. pp. 185-208.
    In this chapter, I aim to examine the two central properties that are said to underlie the theory of mirror neurons, namely action execution and action observation. I shall call these the functional properties of mirror neurons. I will argue that attributing the functional properties of mirror cognition, as many neuroscientists do, to the so-called ‘mirror neurons’ suffers from the problem of misidentification. This is the problem of incorrectly identifying an object or a property of one sort with some other (...)
     
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  12. A neuronal model of a global workspace in effortful cognitive tasks.Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg & Jean-Pierre Changeux - 2001 - Pnas 95 (24):14529-14534.
  13.  32
    Neuronal Compartmentalization: A Means to Integrate Sensory Input at the Earliest Stage of Information Processing?Renny Ng, Shiuan-Tze Wu & Chih-Ying Su - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (8):2000026.
    In numerous peripheral sense organs, external stimuli are detected by primary sensory neurons compartmentalized within specialized structures composed of cuticular or epithelial tissue. Beyond reflecting developmental constraints, such compartmentalization also provides opportunities for grouped neurons to functionally interact. Here, the authors review and illustrate the prevalence of these structural units, describe characteristics of compartmentalized neurons, and consider possible interactions between these cells. This article discusses instances of neuronal crosstalk, examples of which are observed in the vertebrate tastebuds and multiple types (...)
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  14.  94
    Mirror neurons: This is the question.Corrado Sinigaglia - 2008 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 15 (10-11):70-92.
    Despite the impressive body of evidence supporting the existence of a mirror neuron (MN) system for action, the original claim regarding its crucial role in action understanding remains controversial. Emma Borg has recently launched a sharp attack on this claim, with the aim of demonstrating that neither the original version nor the subsequent revisions of the MN hypothesis tell us very much about how intentional attribution actually works. In this article I take up the challenge she issues in the title (...)
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  15. Neuronal circuitry in the cat visual cortex studied by cross-correlation analysis.Keisuke Toyama - 1985 - In David Rose & Vernon G. Dobson (eds.), Models of the Visual Cortex. New York: Wiley.
  16. From mirror neurons to joint actions.Elisabeth Pacherie & Jérôme Dokic - unknown
    The discovery of mirror neurons has given rise to a number of interpretations of their functions together with speculations on their potential role in the evolution of specifically human capacities. Thus, mirror neurons have been thought to ground many aspects of human social cognition, including the capacity to engage in cooperative collective actions and to understand them. We propose an evaluation of this latter claim. On the one hand, we will argue that mirror neurons do not by themselves provide a (...)
     
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  17.  29
    Neuronal hyperactivity – A key defect in Alzheimer's disease?Marc Aurel Busche & Arthur Konnerth - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (6):624-632.
    Traditionally, the impairment of cognitive functions in Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) is thought to result from a reduction in neuronal and synaptic activities, and ultimately cell death. Here, we review recent in vivo evidence from mouse models and human patients indicating that, particularly in early stages of AD, neuronal circuits are hyperactive instead of hypoactive. Functional analyses at many levels, from single neurons to neuronal populations to large‐scale networks, with a variety of electrophysiological and imaging techniques have revealed two forms of (...)
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  18. Semantics and Neurology: Neuronal Man and Linguistics.Georges Mounin - 1992 - Diogenes 40 (157):41-66.
    Jean-Pierre Changeux's Neuronal Man attempts to define mental activity, that is thought, with respect to the neurophysiology of the brain.*Since antiquity, the historical account of these problems has undergone the examination of classical notions: what is a mental image, a concept, a representation? Changeux, who accepts these traditional points of departure, as well as the notion of signification, aims to clarify the physical, neurophysiological counterparts of these notions, in order to arrive at less simplistic terms: image de memoire “memory image,” (...)
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  19. Mirror neurons and the phenomenology of intersubjectivity.Dieter Lohmar - 2006 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 5 (1):5-16.
    The neurological discovery of mirror neurons is of eminent importance for the phenomenological theory of intersubjectivity. G. Rizzolatti and V. Gallese found in experiments with primates that a set of neurons in the premotor cortex represents the visually registered movements of another animal. The activity of these mirror neurons presents exactly the same pattern of activity as appears in the movement of one's own body. These findings may be extended to other cognitive and emotive functions in humans. I show how (...)
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  20.  48
    The Neuronal Recycling Hypothesis for Reading and the Question of Reading Universals.Max Coltheart - 2014 - Mind and Language 29 (3):255-269.
    Are there universals of reading? There are three ways of construing this question. Is the region of the brain where reading is implemented identical regardless of what writing system the reader uses? Is the mental information-processing system used for reading the same regardless of what writing system the reader uses. Do the word's writing systems share certain universal features? Dehaene offers affirmative answers to all three questions in his book. Here I suggest instead that the answers should be negative. And (...)
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  21.  95
    Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language.Maxim I. Stamenov & Vittorio Gallese (eds.) - 2002 - John Benjamins.
    Selected contributions to the symposium on "Mirror neurons and the evolution of brain and language" held on July 5-8, 2000 in Delmenhorst, Germany.
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  22. Neuronal composition and circuitry of rat visual cortex.A. Peters - 1985 - In David Rose & Vernon G. Dobson (eds.), Models of the Visual Cortex. New York: Wiley. pp. 492--503.
  23.  28
    Neuronal death of the cancellation theory?Claude Prablanc - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (2):274-275.
    The question of how the brain can construct a stable representation of the external world despite eye movements is a very old one. If there have been some wrong statements of problems (such as the inverted retinal image), other statements are less naive and have led to analytic solutions possibly adopted by the brain to counteract the spurious effects of eye movements. Following the MacKay (1973) objections to the analytic view of perceptual stability, Bridgeman et al. claim that the idea (...)
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  24. Beyond neuronal excitability: Receptive field analysis reveals that association specifically modifies the representation of auditory information.N. M. Weinberger - 1992 - In L. R. Squire & N. Butters (eds.), Neuropsychology of Memory. Guilford Press. pp. 496--509.
  25.  27
    Mirror Neurons. A Case Study of the Neuroscience-Philosophy Relationship.Diana I. Pérez - 2022 - Revista de Humanidades de Valparaíso 20:29-45.
    The discovery of the mirror neuron system, which occurred 25 years ago, was considered by some authors as a definitive proof of the superiority of one philosophical theory (the Simulation Theory) over another (the Theory of Theory). However, the claim to have found a definitive answer to the philosophical problem of understanding other minds from neuroscientific data is far from acceptable. In this work I will show that there is a multiplicity of possible interpretations regarding the role of mirror neurons, (...)
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  26. Neuronal Integration of Synaptic Input in the Fluctuation- Driven Regime.Alexandre Kuhn - unknown
    During sensory stimulation, visual cortical neurons undergo massive synaptic bombardment. This increases their input conductance, and action potentials mainly result from membrane potential fluctuations. To understand the response properties of neurons operating in this regime, we studied a model neuron with synaptic inputs represented by transient membrane conductance changes. We show that with a simultaneous increase of excitation and inhibition, the firing rate first increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases at higher input rates. Comodulation of excitation and inhibition, therefore, (...)
     
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  27.  89
    Neuronal representations of cognitive state: reward or attention?John H. R. Maunsell - 2004 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (6):261-265.
  28.  47
    Neuronal phenomena associated with vigilance and consciousness: From cellular mechanisms to electroencephalographic patterns.Anton M. L. Coenen - 1998 - Consciousness and Cognition 7 (1):42-53.
    The neuroanatomical substrates controlling and regulating sleeping and waking, and thus consciousness, are located in the brain stem. Most crucial for bringing the brain into a state conducive for consciousness and information processing is the mesencephalic part of the brain stem. This part controls the state of waking, which is generally associated with a high degree of consciousness. Wakefulness is accompanied by a low-amplitude, high-frequency electroencephalogram, due to the fact that thalamocortical neurons fire in a state of tonic depolarization. Information (...)
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  29.  54
    In Situ Reprogramming of Neurons and Glia – A Risk in Altering Memory and Personality?Bor Luen Tang - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 15 (2):90-95.
    The recent emergence of reprogramming technologies to convert brain cell types or epigenetically alter neurons and neural progenitors in vivo and in situ hold significant promises in brain repair and neuronal aging reversal. However, given the significant epigenetic and transcriptomic changes to components of the existing neuronal cells and network, we question if these reprogramming technology might inadvertently alter or erase memory engrams, conceivably resulting in changes in narrative identity or personality. We suggest that the nature of these alterations might (...)
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  30.  62
    Neuronal Man: The Biology of Mind.Jean-Pierre Changeux - 1997 - Princeton University Press.
    Here Jean-Pierre Changeux elucidates our current knowledge of the human brain, taking an interdisciplinary approach and explaining in layman's terms the complex theories and scientific breakthroughs that have significantly improved our ...
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  31.  48
    The Restless Neurons: Spontaneous Activity is Fundamental to the Mind.Avijit Lahiri - manuscript
    The vast number of neurons in the brain are ceaselessly engaged in spontaneously generated activity in virtue of interactions between those. It is in the background of this intrinsic activity that the brain responds to signals from the environment and from endogenous signals received by way of active mental processes. This spontaneous activity persists in the `resting state' and is modulated by evoked signals resulting from task-induced activity. The two together generate an ongoing process of self-organization in the brain whereby (...)
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  32. The Global Neuronal Workspace as a broadcasting network.Abel Wajnerman Paz - 2022 - Network Neuroscience.
    A new strategy for moving forward in the characterization of the Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) is proposed. According to Dehaene, Changeux and colleagues, broadcasting is the main function of the GNW. However, the dynamic network properties described by recent graph-theoretic GNW models are consistent with many large-scale communication processes that are different from broadcasting. We propose to apply a different graph-theoretic approach, originally developed for optimizing information dissemination in communication networks, which can be used to identify the pattern of frequency (...)
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  33. Where do mirror neurons come from.Cecilia Heyes - forthcoming - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews.
    1. Properties of mirror neurons in monkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (...)
     
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  34.  10
    Impossible minds: my neurons, my consciousness.Igor Aleksander - 2014 - New Jersey: Imperial College Press.
    Impossible Minds: My Neurons, My Consciousness has been written to satisfy the curiosity each and every one of us has about our own consciousness. It takes the view that the neurons in our heads are the source of consciousness and attempts to explain how this happens. Although it talks of neural networks, it explains what they are and what they do in such a way that anyone may understand. While the topic is partly philosophical, the text makes no assumptions of (...)
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  35.  26
    Concept neurons: A proposed developmental study.Wayne A. Wickelgren - 1977 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 10 (3):232-234.
  36.  88
    Neuronal and glial morphology in olfactory systems: Significance for information-processing and underlying developmental mechanisms.P. Tolbert Leslie, A. Oland Lynne, C. Christensen Thomas & R. Goriely Anita - 2003 - Brain and Mind 4 (1):27-49.
    The shapes of neurons and glial cells dictate many important aspects of their functions. In olfactory systems, certain architectural features are characteristics of these two cell types across a wide variety of species. The accumulated evidence suggests that these common features may play fundamental roles in olfactoryinformation processing. For instance, the primary olfactory neuropil in most vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory systems is organized into discrete modules called glomeruli. Inside each glomerulus, sensory axons and CNS neurons branch and synapse in patterns (...)
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  37.  61
    Mirror neurons as a conceptual mechanism?Cristina Meini & Alfredo Paternoster - 2012 - Mind and Society 11 (2):183-201.
    The functional role of mirror neurons has been assessed in many different ways. They have been regarded, inter alia, as the core mechanism of mind reading, the mechanism of language understanding, the mechanism of imitation. In this paper we will discuss the thesis according to which MNs are a conceptual mechanism. This hypothesis is attractive since it could accommodate in an apparently simple way all the above-mentioned interpretations. We shall take into consideration some reasons suggesting the conceptualist characterization of MNs, (...)
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  38.  92
    Neuronal connectivity, regional differentiation, and brain damage in humans.Dahlia W. Zaidel - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (5):854-855.
    When circumscribed brain regions are damaged in humans, highly specific iimpairments in language, memory, problem solving, and cognition are observed. Neurosurgery such as "split brain " or hemispherectomy, for example has shown that encompassing regions, the left and right cerebral hemispheres each control human behavior in unique ways. Observations stretching over 100 years of patients with unilateral focal brain damage have revealed, withouth the theoretical benefits of "cognitive neuroscience" or "cognitive psychology," that human behavior is indeed controlled by the brain (...)
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  39.  31
    Mirror neurons are central for a second-person neuroscience: Insights from developmental studies.Elizabeth Ann Simpson & Pier Francesco Ferrari - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (4):438 - 438.
    Based on mirror neurons' properties, viewers are emotionally engaged when observing others infant interactions.
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  40.  6
    Neuronal organization and change after neuronal injury.Bryan Kolb & Jan Cioe - 2004 - In Jennie Ponsford (ed.), Cognitive and Behavioral Rehabilitation: From Neurobiology to Clinical Practice. Guilford Press. pp. 7--29.
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  41. If mirror neurons are the answer, what was the question?Emma Borg - 2007 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 14 (8):5-19.
    Mirror neurons are neurons which fire in two distinct conditions: (i) when an agent performs a specific action, like a precision grasp of an object using fingers, and (ii) when an agent observes that action performed by another. Some theorists have suggested that the existence of such neurons may lend support to the simulation approach to mindreading (e.g. Gallese and Goldman, 1998, 'Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind reading'). In this note I critically examine this suggestion, in both (...)
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  42. What do mirror neurons contribute to human social cognition?Pierre Jacob - 2008 - Mind and Language 23 (2):190–223.
    According to an influential view, one function of mirror neurons (MNs), first discovered in the brain of monkeys, is to underlie third-person mindreading. This view relies on two assumptions: the activity of MNs in an observer’s brain matches (simulates or resonates with) that of MNs in an agent’s brain and this resonance process retrodictively generates a representation of the agent’s intention from a perception of her movement. In this paper, I criticize both assumptions and I argue instead that the activity (...)
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  43. Neuronal complexity.Alberto Granato - 2010 - Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica 102 (2):275-280.
     
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  44.  8
    Neuronal homeostasis and rem sleep.David Horn, Nir Levy & Eytan Ruppin - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 18--436.
  45.  42
    Mirror Neurons, Prediction and Hemispheric Coordination: The Prioritizing of Intersubjectivity Over ‘Intrasubjectivity’.Richard Shillcock, James Thomas & Rachael Bailes - 2019 - Axiomathes 29 (2):139-153.
    We observe that approaches to intersubjectivity, involving mirror neurons and involving emulation and prediction, have eclipsed discussion of those same mechanisms for achieving coordination between the two hemispheres of the human brain. We explore some of the implications of the suggestion that the mutual modelling of the two situated hemispheres is a productive place to start in understanding the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of cognition and of intersubjectivity.
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  46.  38
    Neuronal deactivation is equally important for understanding emotional processing.Jacob M. Vigil, Amber Dukes & Patrick Coulombe - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (3):169-170.
    In their analyses of the neural correlates of discrete emotionality, Lindquist et al. do not consider the numerous drawbacks to inferring psychological processes based on currently available cognitive neurometric technology. The authors also disproportionately emphasize the relevance of neuronal activation over deactivation, which, in our opinion, limits the scope and utility of their conclusions.
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  47.  26
    Characterizing neuronal populations with haemodynamic functional imaging.Cathy Price, Guillaume Thierry & Tim Griffiths - 2005 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (6):271-276.
  48.  18
    B-neurons mediating homeostasis and behavior?Daniel P. Yox - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (2):317-317.
  49. Mirror neurons in the tree of life: mosaic evolution, plasticity and exaptation of sensorimotor matching responses.Antonella Tramacere & Pier Francesco Ferrari - 2016 - Biological Reviews 92 (3):1819-1841.
    Considering the properties of mirror neurons (MNs) in terms of development and phylogeny, we offer a novel, unifying, and testable account of their evolution according to the available data and try to unify apparently discordant research, including the plasticity of MNs during development, their adaptive value and their phylogenetic relationships and continuity. We hypothesize that the MN system reflects a set of interrelated traits, each with an independent natural history due to unique selective pressures, and propose that there are at (...)
     
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  50. Imitation, mirror neurons and autism.Justin H. G. Williams, Andrew Whiten, Thomas Suddendorf & David I. Perrett - unknown
    Various deficits in the cognitive functioning of people with autism have been documented in recent years but these provide only partial explanations for the condition. We focus instead on an imitative disturbance involving difficulties both in copying actions and in inhibiting more stereotyped mimicking, such as echolalia. A candidate for the neural basis of this disturbance may be found in a recently discovered class of neurons in frontal cortex, 'mirror neurons' (MNs). These neurons show activity in relation both to specific (...)
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