El presente artículo está dirigido a sistematizar una concepción teórica y metodológica que sustente la formación ambiental en las carreras universitarias cubanas. A partir de la crítica de las fuentes bibliográficas y la observación del proceso formativo en tres carreras, se construye el referido marco teórico. Entre los resultados se destaca el lugar y papel de la formación ambiental en el sistema de la formación integral del profesional. Se caracterizan la integralidad, la complejidad, la funcionabilidad y la espacialidad como rasgos (...) de la dimensión ambiental, lo que le asigna una connotación especial, al interpretarla como mediadora entre las funciones del espacio construido y la forma en la que se gestiona el escenario donde se despliega el intercambio de flujos de energía, materia e información en su interrelación con la estructura social. Se argumentan las funciones formativas de la formación ambiental, que constituyen la exteriorización de las cualidades inherentes a cualquier carrera universitaria, que se manifiestan en el modo de actuación del profesional. This article is aimed at systematizing a theoretical and methodological conception that forms the basis of environmental education in Cuban college degrees. Starting from the review of bibliographical sources and the observation of the educational process in three degrees, the referable theoretical framework is created. Among results, the place and role of environmental education in the integral professional training system is highlighted. Integrality, complexity, functionality and spatiality are characterized as features of environmental dimension, which give it a special connotation, as it is interpreted as a mediator between the functions of the constructed space and the way it is managed on the stage where the exchange of energy, matter and information flows are used in their interrelation with the social structure. The educational functions of environmental education are argued. They reveal characteristics which are inherent to any college degree and become apparent in a professional's behavior. (shrink)

La configuración curricular desde la atención a la diversidad en el proceso formativo universitario, resultará de la interacción de los planos cognitivo-actitudinal y procedimental. La suficiencia, recursividad y coherencia curricular son sustentos que lo convierten de proyecto predelineado a propuesta emergente en la que se planifica como un espacio de permanente construcción y reconstrucción en el que se interconectan el conocimiento conceptual, las experiencias y los sentimientos de los estudiantes. El artículo tiene como objetivo socializar los resultados alcanzados en la (...) sistematización de una concepción teórica para el desarrollo de los procesos curriculares, a partir del planteamiento de algunas ideas que lo relacionan con lo diverso que resulta el mundo universitario y que pueden constituir punto de partida para el debate sobre el diseño curricular. Curricular shaping in regard on the attention to the diversity of the university formative process will be result of the interaction of the different cognitive-attitudinal, and procedural planes. Aptitude, resourcefullness and curricular coherence are the bases that allow this preformulated project to become an emerging proposal, which is seen as a space of permanent construction and reconstruction, experiences and students´ feelings. This article aims at socializing the results obtained in the systematization process of a theoretical conception for the development of curricular processes; based on the approach of several ideas that relate it with the diversity of university sphere, and these ideas may also represent a starting point for debate about curricular design. (shrink)

El artículo se propuso sistematizar una concepción teórica y metodológica que sustente la formación humanística en las carreras universitarias cubanas. El marco teórico referido se construyó a partir de una revisión crítica de las fuentes bibliográficas y la observación del proceso formativo. Entre los resultados se destacó la identificación de las cualidades del profesional y la propuesta de los saberes, que como construcción del intelecto humano caracterizan el desempeño más general del profesional, descrita en términos de saberes ético-ciudadanos, culturales, de (...) solución de problemas, para la comunicación y la gestión de la formación del profesional. The paper is aimed at systematizing a theoretical and methological framework to back up the humanist representation of the professional training process in Cuban universities. By means of a critical examination of bibliographic sources and the observation of the formative process in three majors, the aforementioned framework is constructed. The findings include the identification of professional qualities and background knowledge that characterizes human intellect and the general performance of the professional. This knowledge is described in terms of ethic, cultural, problem-solving, communicating, training-managing knowledge. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is that of discussing some recent antipositivist theses, with specific reference to the arguments that focus on the alleged incapability of legal positivism to understand and explain the complex normative structure of constitutional states. One of the central tenets of legal positivism (in its guise of ``methodological'' or ``conceptual'' positivism) is the theory of the separation between law and morality. On the assumption that in contemporary legal systems, constitutional law represents a point of intersection between (...) law and basic moral values, antipositivists contrast legal positivism with two main arguments. First, on a more general level, the positivist theory of the separation between law and morality is questioned; then, and consequently, the ``neutrality thesis'' in the juristic study of law is rejected. The author discusses both these antipositivist arguments, and offers a brief defence of methodological positivism. (shrink)

Drawing upon a distinction between epistemically and metaphysically motivated notions of a concept, I consider the insurmountable problems of theories that appeal to our epistemic capacities to address the problem of the nature of concepts satisfactorily. Prominent theories of concepts hold that primitive concepts must have internal structure if they are to account for the explanatory functions that cognitive scientists have attributed to such constructs as prototypes, exemplars, and theories. Vindicating the role of non-experimental philosophy in the critical examination of (...) empirical theories, I argue that the explanatory effectiveness of those constructs is orthogonal to an argument concerning the structure of primitive concepts. Conceptual atomism provides an alternative approach to individuating primitive concepts the precise formulation of which has yet to be worked out. Despite its unpopularity, the atomist alternative is still in a better position to face the question of what concepts are than its competitors. (shrink)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2008v12n1p97 This paper defends the idea that there are three determinant elements in the identity of theories in accordance with the semantic approach of theories: the kind of theoretic models, the data models and the empirical claims, but with some exceptions in each case. I uphold this thesis in an analysis the Structuralist view and van Fraassen’s one about this respect.

Este análisis teórico busca analizar, por una parte, en la inmersión de la obra del pensador galés Raymond Williams y, por otro lado, el acercamiento a lo que podemos denominar como Estudios Culturales Británicos, una propuesta metodológica y política plausible en virtud de pensar nuestro presente con una mirada y una sensibilidad diferente a lo que ampliamente se ha caracterizado como «presentismo» o futuros cancelados. Para ello, retomar la obra de un pensador parcialmente olvidado en las últimas décadas, no solo (...) nos permitirá atisbar posibilidades de pensar futuros diversos, sino que nos obligará a tomar en consideración una caja de herramientas, sugerente, que terminó defendiendo con matices, contradicciones e incorporaciones hasta el final de su vida en 1988. (shrink)

En este estudio el autor comenta los significados del héroe Edipo según las interpretaciones que hizo Zambrano de las obras de Sófocles tituladas Edito Rey y Edipo en Colono. Se destacan sus aspectos filosóficos y su importancia en la historia del pensamiento.

El presente escrito se propone presentar el modelo de tres niveles del conocimiento científico (datos, fenómenos y teorías) desde los recientes resultados de la filosofía de la ciencia obtenidos por dos perspectivas filosóficas particulares: el nuevo experimentalismo y el enfoque semántico de las teorías. Para ello contrasta los planteamientos principales de estas dos perspectivas con el modelo de dos niveles del conocimiento científico (observación y teoría) del positivismo lógico, que dominó el panorama de la filosofía de la ciencia en las (...) primeras seis décadas del siglo XX. (shrink)

In this paper, I propose a general taxonomy of different forms of eliminativism. In order to do so, I begin by exploring eliminativism from a broad perspective, providing a comparative picture of eliminativist projects in different domains. This exploration shows that eliminativism is a label used for a family of related types of eliminativist arguments and claims. The proposed taxonomy is an attempt to systematise those arguments and claims.

Edouard Machery has argued that the notion of concept should be eliminated from scientific theorising about cognition on the grounds that what psychologists call concepts do not form a natural kind and that keeping this notion would encumber scientific progress. His view is that the class of concepts really divides into three distinct yet co-referential kinds of bodies of knowledge typically used in distinct cognitive processes. The main purpose of this paper is to challenge Machery’s eliminativist conclusion on the grounds (...) that his alternative to concepts fails to be combined with any prominent account of content determination. As a case of philosophical scrutiny of a psychological proposal, the paper also intends to show how philosophical and psychological interests in concepts can be brought together. (shrink)

La interpretación es un proceso cognitivo peculiar: distinto, por una parte, de la explicación cientificopositiva; por otra, de la comprensión empática y también del entender en sus distintas formas. EI proceso interpretative tiene lugar por el sujeto, que en ese momento hace de intérprete, a partir de un objeto en un contexto determinado, pero sobre la imagen del objeto, que es en realidad el referencial; la dación de significados connotativos constituye el interpretado, el cual es devuelto al contexto como referido. (...) En la neointerpretación o en la reinterpretación, ese objeto referido es entonces neoreferencial. EI proceso interpretativo es estocástico y, por eso, con la finalidad de reducir la entropía del sistema, podría ser interminable. EI sistema compuesto por objeto, imagen del objeto, intérprete e interpretado es,siempre, en consecuencia, dishomeostático. (shrink)

The fictional beings are another story ourselves, and tell us another way to recover what we, wanting to be what we want; Stories in which they live, not knowing that his life is a story, a story that does not live as if it were, as if they lived their lives. The fictions of the world show us, not necessarily, as others do not, who am not! But who still am not, because I have not discovered completely all myself, and (...) sometimes I am without be them in this otherness for myself it is mine, but not mine yet, I am part of stories that are not my history, the world of text, stories where I am another, even myself, intratextual entity and not intraworld, reowned those others who just the text opens so imaginary and that the actual closure and silent, to the point where it is discovered that about me are the many stories that tell me I have the me or other me, where the mirror the other gives me an identity different readings, Be-who-I-am-and-who-else-to be-said-that-I, because I have built my own history identity, but the pair, others tell my story as the story of another, stories over and over that overlap but without being the same but the same, the stories of others that I am for others, who suspect without built my otherness, my other identities. (shrink)

Desde hace algunas décadas, la pregunta por la vida buena ha ganado relevancia en el discurso filosófico universitario. Un fenómeno llamativo en este contexto es la publicación de obras que, concebidas en el seno mismo de la academia, evitan ceñirse al formato de escritura científica convencional y en cambio integran estrategias literarias en su discurrir argumentativo. Ejemplos paradigmáticos de este fenómeno son los títulos El arte de vivir (The Art of Living) de Alexander Nehamas (1998); La vida plena (Das vollkommene (...) Leben) de Michael Hampe (2009) y La dignidad humana: Una manera de vivir (Eine Art zu Leben: Über die Vielfalt menschlicher Würde) de Peter Bieri (2013), obras que hasta ahora han pasado prácticamente inadvertidas en el ámbito hispanoparlante. El artículo pretende subsanar este vacío en la recepción mediante un seguimiento de la articulación entre las concepciones éticas expuestas en cada uno de los tres casos y el particular modo de exposición elegido, así como mediante un seguimiento de la ascendencia socrática a la que apelan declarada o tácitamente. Además, defenderá la tesis de que el recurso a elementos literarios es una manera de enfrentar, con un énfasis en la voz autoral, la neutralidad moderna de la filosofía ante la pregunta por cómo vivir. (shrink)

The essay discusses the import of the separability thesis both for legal positivism and for contemporary legal practice. First, the place of the separability thesis in legal positivism will be explored, distinguishing between “standard positivism” and “post‐Hartian positivism.” Then I will consider various kinds of relations between law and morality that are worthy of jurisprudential interest, and explore, from a positivist point of view, what kind of relations between law and morality must be rejected, what kind of such relations should (...) be taken into account, and what kind of such relations are indeed of no import at all. The upshot of this analysis consists in highlighting the distinction between two different dimensions of legal validity (formal validity and material validity respectively), and in pointing out that the positivist separability thesis can apply to formal validity only. On the other hand, when the ascertainment of material validity is at stake, some form of moral reasoning may well be involved (here and now, it isnecessarilyinvolved). The essay concludes with some brief remarks on the persisting importance of the positivist jurisprudential project. (shrink)

In industrial societies workplace is the only battlefield where people can kill another without running the risk of facing the courts (Leynman, 1996). This picture of dehumanization work reveals that organizations stand as the scene of the permissibility and the justification of harassment at the workplace (mobbing), whichincreased gradually and adverse effects are alarming at the moment, without considering the quality of working life because so far few companies have woken to the fact that it can no longer continue explaining (...) the bankruptcy and instability of these causes as shrinking market, loss of investors, misguided government policies, strategies ineffective advertising and sale but the time has come to recognize that the conspiracies, sabotage, in a word, the struggle for power within each organization is a kind of silent and asymptomatic disease that eventually will kill to make their recovery process irreversible and even less hope of success, although some leaders unconscious be limited to talk about this as mere gossip, but envy is more professional than a potential threat is a lethal weapon that destroys companies from their foundations and from emerging as such. "Everyone against one !...¡ That is the question!". (shrink)

Una idea ampliamente extendida es que el programa estructuralista es completamente neutral en cuestiones epistémicas. Por el contrario, el objetivo del artículo es mostrar que el estructuralismo es epistémicamente neutral en el debate realismo vs. antirrealismo, pero que supone un compromiso epistémico en la fundamentación de las teorías. Este compromiso epistémico tiene las características de un coherentismo ;y dos tesis estructuralistas conducen a ello: que una teoría se contrasta empíricamentea través de sus aplicaciones propuestas y que las aplicaciones propuestas de (...) una teoría quedan descritas únicamente en función de conceptos que son no-teóricos respecto a ésta teoría. (shrink)

In this paper, I present an account of group competence that is explicitly framed for cases of epistemic performances. According to it, we must consider group epistemic competence as the group agents’ capacity to produce knowledge, and not the result of the summation of its individual members’ competences to produce knowledge. Additionally, I contend that group competence must be understood in terms of group normative status. To introduce my view, I present Jesper Kallestrup’s denial that group competence involves anything over (...) and beyond the aggregation of individual competences. I have divided my response into two parts. First, I compare two conceptions of competence from Ernest Sosa’s reliabilist virtue epistemology, Thinking about oneself: The place and value of reflection in philosophy and psychology, Springer, 2019) and David Löwenstein’s account of know-how. Second, I take the results from this comparison and apply them to the issue of group know-how, by the hand of Orestis Palermos and Deborah Tollefsen’s twofold approach to the topic Socially extended epistemology, Oxford University Press, 2018). Finally, I return to Kallestrup’s denial to make my point in favour of the conception of genuine group competence as the group normative status to achieve success. (shrink)

I will argue that the rule of recognition, as it has been conceived by Hart, is either a redundant, and hence mostly useless, concept, or a concept with limited explanatory potential —in either case, at best a concept whose scope is, in contemporary legal systems, much narrower than Hart envis- aged. I will also argue that the rule of recognition, in one of its possible (and plausible) reformulations, can nevertheless play a significant, non-redundant role, but only if employed in a (...) rather different way than the one proposed by Hart, as well as by much of post-Hartian positivist literatureResumen:En este artículo se argumenta que la regla de reconocimiento, tal como fuera concebida por Hart, es o bien un concepto redundante —y en consecuencia inútil— o un concepto limitado en su poder explicativo. En cualquier caso, se trata de un concepto cuyo alcance es, frente a los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos, mucho más estrecho de lo que Hart pudo imaginar. De igual modo se argumenta que la regla de reconocimiento, en alguna de sus posibles (y plausibles) reformulaciones, puede tener a pesar de todo un papel significativo y no redundante, pero solamente si se emplea en un sentido radicalmente distinto al que propuso Hart o que se propone en buena parte de la literatura positivista posthartiana. (shrink)

In this article we wonder about the effects of May 68 upon the history of philosophy. To address this issue, we reconstruct the philosophical framework and the academic field of the previous years of the revolt, pointing at how inside the existing philosophical styles important changes were being prepared – maninly in the relations between philosophy and sciences–. Departing from Pierre Macherey’s trajectory, we describe the features of the philosophical space of May 68 and its changes –amplification of publics, hybridization (...) of philosophy with other knowledges, collective intellectual enterprises, militant affiliation of discourses–, showing how new models of philosophy are stabilized already in the Post 68 years. At this point, we approach the philosophical practice of Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser, exploring their innovations when it comes to understand philosophy. Finally, we trace a dialogue between the philosophy conceptions’ of Althusser and Macherey; in its tensions the possibilities of a new philosophical canon and a new practice of philosophy are expressed. (shrink)

Belief merging aims at combining several pieces of information coming from different sources. In this paper we review the works on belief merging of propositional bases. We discuss the relationship between merging, revision, update and confluence, and some links between belief merging and social choice theory. Finally we mention the main generalizations of these works in other logical frameworks.

The article analyzes the social representations of ICTs’ appropriation for community empowerment by social movements. The study includes two recent Latin American student social movements: the Mexican #YoSoy132 and the Chilean student movement. Discourse analysis was used to examine interviews with participants in these social movements as well as other texts associated with their episodes of collective action. The discourse analysis was focused on four main dimensions of the social representations of ICTs’ appropriation: (1) the interrelationships between the technological and (...) the socio-political and cultural dimensions; (2) the tension between a visibility-centered and an articulating-focused use of ICTs; (3) the tension between the individual and the collective dimensions; and (4) the articulation between ICTs-based collective action and offline one. The findings indicate that the online/offline and the visibility/articulation tensions are relevant dimensions, in an articulated way, of the social representation of ICTs’ appropriation for collective empowerment. The results also indicate that the sociopolitical goals of the social movements are a central mediation for the process of configuration of the social representation, as it is proved by the importance of the individual/collective tension for the process. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente escrito es doble. Por una parte, presentar y analizar la definición de determinismo clásico para sistemas cerrados desarrollada por van Fraassen. Por la otra, mostrar cierto tipo de fecundidad conceptual por parte del enfoque de espacio-de-estados, defendido por van Fraassen, frente al enfoque estructuralista -aunque ambos enfoques comparten una concepción semántica de las teorías empíricas- al arrojar nueva luz sobre un problema conceptual clásico y aún actual en la filosofía de la física: el determinismo.

Is it correct to accept an anthopological dimension in Baruch Spinoza’s doctrine? Regardless of the answer we may suggest for this point, how could be this connected to the prevailing Humanism of the immediately previous period in which our author lived? Our proposal points to a positive stance in relation to the presence of an anthropological perspective in Spinoza’s thought; perspective that may be seen as a reaction to that kind of Renaissance humanism that sees the human being in Nature (...) a privileged kind. Therefore, in this paper we are going to analyse the way the concept of man evolves from this to the Spinozian formulation as a foundation in which it can be possible to accept the study of a certain Anthropology in his work. (shrink)

Victorian devotional life, both Anglican and Roman Catholic, often focused on the feast days of the Church. Indeed, even the three academic sessions at Oxford University were named after the feast days at the beginning of each term: Michaelmas, Hilary, and Trinity ; similarly, events on the ecclesiastical calendar often anchored events in Victorian religious novels. This article explores the possible symbolism in the feast days that frame events in Newman’s novel, Loss and Gain.

La tesis que se quiere defender es que enel proceso de evaluación de las teoríasjuicio individualdependen del estado de desarrollo de laen dicho proceso interviene tanto unaracionalidad lógica como una pragmáticaIn this paper, I intend to defend the thesis that, in the process of evaluating scientific theories, there are logical and observational elements, but these are not unique: there are pragmatic elements too. the individual judgement of the scientists of a particular community and the state of development of a theory (...) are pragmatic elements in the evaluation process. So, we can say that in this process a logical and a pragmatic rationality are involved. (shrink)

Food advertising targeted at children is associated with the development of unhealthy eating habits and childhood obesity. In Spain, where one in every three children suffers from overweight, a voluntary regulation mechanism has been adopted to control such advertising, despite evidence of its ineffectiveness. This study's stated objective was to evaluate the grounds for implementing a policy that would ban the advertising of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverages targeted at children in Spain, incorporating an ethical perspective in the analysis. Using (...) a bibliographic search of various databases, we reviewed the evidence for answering the seven questions posed by Walton et al.'s ethical evaluation framework, drawn up on the basis of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Stewardship model. The results show that the proposed intervention is cost-effective, minimally intrusive, promotes healthy environments, acts on a vulnerable population, helps children lead healthy lifestyles, reduces social health inequalities, increases parents' individual freedom of choice and enjoys the support of scientists, health professionals and consumers alike. Accordingly, we feel that the time has come for food advertising directed to children in Spain to be statutorily regulated, by banning the promotion of EDNP products. (shrink)