Results for 'Police Narcan use, drug decriminalization policy, non-therapeutic narcotic use, opioid epidemic, naloxone, Portugal'

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  1. Equipping Police with Naloxone Spray and Decriminalizing All Opioid Use in the U.S.: An Ethical Analysis.Marvin J. H. Lee - 2018 - Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration 4 (2):17-25.
    The number of police departments carrying Narcan keeps increasing at a fast pace throughout the U.S., as it is considered an effective measure to fight the opioid epidemic. However, there have been strong oppositions to the idea of the police Narcan use. Still, in 2018, the nation is debating about it. Though not clearly visible to the public, there are important ethical arguments against the police Narcan use which necessarily involve understanding of the (...)
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  2.  33
    Changing Law from Barrier to Facilitator of Opioid Overdose Prevention.Corey Davis, Damika Webb & Scott Burris - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (s1):33-36.
    Drug overdose has recently surpassed motor vehicle accidents to become the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The epidemic is largely driven by opioids such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone, which kill more Americans than heroin and cocaine combined. The demographics of overdose have changed over the past few decades as well: according to the latest data, the average overdose victim is now a non-Hispanic white man aged 45-54.These deaths — over 16,000 per year — (...)
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  3.  53
    Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Programmes and the Ethics of Task Shifting.Daniel Z. Buchman, Aaron M. Orkin, Carol Strike & Ross E. G. Upshur - 2018 - Public Health Ethics 11 (2):151-164.
    North America is in the grips of an epidemic of opioid-related poisonings. Overdose education and naloxone distribution programmes emerged as an option for structurally vulnerable populations who could not or would not access mainstream emergency medical services in the event of an overdose. These task shifting programmes utilize lay persons to deliver opioid resuscitation in the context of longstanding stigmatization and marginalization from mainstream healthcare services. OEND programmes exist at the intersection of harm reduction and emergency services. One (...)
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  4.  30
    An Epidemic of Difficult Patients.Keva Southwell - 2023 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 13 (1):26-28.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:An Epidemic of Difficult PatientsKeva SouthwellAs the opioid epidemic marches on, we have all become familiar with a particular breed of "difficult patient," the intravenous drug user. Most teams try to get through these admissions with as few interactions as possible. Nurses will tell you how much they hate caring for these patients, often citing "they did this to themselves" as they experience prolonged admissions due to (...)
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  5.  41
    The Opioid Crisis in Black Communities.Keturah James & Ayana Jordan - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):404-421.
    While much of the social and political attention surrounding the nationwide opioid epidemic has focused on the dramatic increase in overdose deaths among white, middle-class, suburban and rural users, the impact of the epidemic in Black communities has largely been unrecognized. Though rates of opioid use at the national scale are higher for whites than they are for Blacks, rates of increase in opioid deaths have been rising more steeply among Blacks than whites over the last five (...)
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  6.  54
    The Opioid Epidemic in Indian Country.Robin T. Tipps, Gregory T. Buzzard & John A. McDougall - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):422-436.
    The national opioid epidemic is severely impacting Indian Country. In this article, we draw upon data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to describe the contours of this crisis among Native Americans. While these data are subject to significant limitations, we show that Native American opioid overdose mortality rates have grown substantially over the last seventeen years. We further find that this increase appears to at least parallel increases seen among non-Hispanic whites, who are often thought (...)
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  7.  15
    Generic Drug Policy and Suboxone to Treat Opioid Use Disorder.Rebecca L. Haffajee & Richard G. Frank - 2019 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 47 (S4):43-53.
    Despite some improvements in access to evidence-based medications for opioid use disorder, treatment rates remain low at under a quarter of those with need. High costs for brand name products in these medication markets have limited the volume of drugs purchased, particularly through public health insurance and grant programs. Brand firm anti-competitive practices around the leading buprenorphine product Suboxone — including product hops, citizen petitions and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy abuses — helped to maintain high prices by extending (...)
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  8.  27
    Pharmacy stakeholder reports on ethical and logistical considerations in anti-opioid vaccine development.Cody Wenthur, Amy Stewart, Grace Chung & Vincent Wartenweiler - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-18.
    BackgroundAs opioid use disorder (OUD) incidence and its associated deaths continue to persist at elevated rates, the development of novel treatment modalities is warranted. Recent strides in this therapeutic area include novel anti-opioid vaccine approaches. This work compares logistical and ethical considerations surrounding currently available interventions for opioid use disorder with an anti-opioid vaccine approach.MethodsThe opinions of student pharmacists and practicing pharmacists assessing knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward current and future OUD management strategies were characterized (...)
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  9. Mandatory Minimums and the War on Drugs.Daniel Wodak - 2018 - In David Boonin, Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 51-62.
    Mandatory minimum sentencing provisions have been a feature of the U.S. justice system since 1790. But they have expanded considerably under the war on drugs, and their use has expanded considerably under the Trump Administration; some states are also poised to expand drug-related mandatory minimums further in efforts to fight the current opioid epidemic. In this paper I outline and evaluate three prominent arguments for and against the use of mandatory minimums in the war on drugs—they appeal, respectively, (...)
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  10.  26
    The Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on U.S. Opioid Prescriptions.Ian Ayres & Amen Jalal - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):387-403.
    This paper seeks to understand the treatment effect of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on opioid prescription rates. Using county-level panel data on all opioid prescriptions in the U.S. between 2006 and 2015, we investigate whether state interventions like PDMPs have heterogeneous treatment effects at the sub-state level, based on regional and temporal variations in policy design, extent of urbanization, race, and income. Our models comprehensively control for a set of county and time fixed effects, countyspecific and time-varying (...)
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  11.  38
    Federal Regulation of Clinical Practice in Narcotic Addiction Treatment: Purpose, Status, and Alternatives.Stephen P. Molinari, James R. Cooper & Dorynne J. Czechowicz - 1994 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 22 (3):231-239.
    The regulation of narcotic medications used in narcotic addiction treatment is unique in medical therapeutics. Physicians who want to use narcotics for this indication must obtain a separate annual registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration. Annual registration is contingent on compliance with both the DEA's security regulations as well as treatment regulations jointly promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute on Drug Abuse.During the last decade, a number of events have occurred (...)
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  12.  51
    Action, Not Rhetoric, Needed to Reverse the Opioid Overdose Epidemic.Corey Davis, Traci Green & Leo Beletsky - 2017 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 45 (s1):20-23.
    Despite shifts in rhetoric and some positive movement, Americans with the disease of addiction are still often stigmatized, criminalized, and denied access to evidencebased care. Dramatically reducing the number of lives unnecessarily lost to overdose requires an evidence-based, equity-focused, well-funded, and coordinated response. We present in this brief article evidence-based and promising practices for improving and refocusing the response to this simmering public health crisis. Topics covered include improving clinical decision-making, improving access to non-judgmental evidence-based treatment, investing in comprehensive public (...)
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  13. Defending Opioid Treatment Agreements: Disclosure, Not Promises.Joshua B. Rager & Peter H. Schwartz - 2017 - Hastings Center Report 47 (3):24-33.
    In order to receive controlled pain medications for chronic non-oncologic pain, patients often must sign a “narcotic contract” or “opioid treatment agreement” in which they promise not to give pills to others, use illegal drugs, or seek controlled medications from health care providers. In addition, they must agree to use the medication as prescribed and to come to the clinic for drug testing and pill counts. Patients acknowledge that if they violate the opioid treatment agreement, they (...)
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  14. Advance directives for non-therapeutic dementia research: some ethical and policy considerations.R. L. Berghmans - 1998 - Journal of Medical Ethics 24 (1):32-37.
    This paper explores the use of advance directives in clinical dementia research. The focus is on advance consent to participation of demented patients in non-therapeutic research involving more than minimal risks and/or burdens. First, morally relevant differences between advance directives for treatment and care, and advance directives for dementia research are discussed. Then attention is paid to the philosophical issue of dementia and personal identity, and the implications for the moral authority of research advance directives. Thirdly, a number of (...)
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  15.  51
    Aids, Policy and Bioethics: Ethical Dilemmas Facing China in HIV Prevention.Yan-Guang Wang - 1997 - Bioethics 11 (3-4):323-327.
    The present situation of the HIV/aids epidemic is very grim in China. The probability of China becoming a country with a high prevalence of HIV/aids cannot be excluded because there have been factors which promote the wide spread of HIV if we fail to take timely action to prevent it at the opportune moment. However, China's HIV prevention policy is inadequate. Health professionals and programmers believed that they could take a conventional public health approach to cope with the HIV epidemic. (...)
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  16.  59
    To use or not to use: Expanding the view on non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption and its implications.Christian P. Müller & Gunter Schumann - 2011 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (6):328-347.
    Proposing a change to the view on psychoactive drug use in non-addicts touches a sensitive issue because of its potential implications to addiction prevention, therapeutic practice, and drug policy. Commentators raised nine questions that ranged from clarifications, suggested extensions of the model to supporting data previously not regarded, to assumptions on the implications of the model. Here, we take up the suggestions of the commentators to expand the model to behavioral addictions, discuss additional instrumentalization goals, and review (...)
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  17.  12
    Ethical challenges for intervening in drug use: policy, research and treatment issues.John Kleinig & Stanley Einstein (eds.) - 2006 - OICJ.
    This volume was initiated to meet the challenges of the increasing contemporary trend to "treat" substance users (in the broadest sense of this concept), whether in institutional settings, ambulatory programs, or even controlled environments such as prisons. Although several essays concentrate more particularly on some of the ethico-moral problems encountered by juridico-moral interventions--problems relating to criminalization, decriminalization, legalization, and interdiction--the main focus is on broadly medical or therapeutic responses to drug use, and in particular on problems encountered (...)
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  18.  52
    Feeling Good and Doing Better: Ethics and Non-therapeutic Drug Use.S. E. Smith - 1985 - Journal of Medical Ethics 11 (4):214-215.
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  19.  30
    Lessons from Corporate Influence in the Opioid Epidemic: Toward a Norm of Separation.Jonathan H. Marks - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (2):173-189.
    There is overwhelming evidence that the opioid crisis—which has cost hundreds of thousands of lives and trillions of dollars (and counting)—has been created or exacerbated by webs of influence woven by several pharmaceutical companies. These webs involve health professionals, patient advocacy groups, medical professional societies, research universities, teaching hospitals, public health agencies, policymakers, and legislators. Opioid companies built these webs as part of corporate strategies of influence that were designed to expand the opioid market from cancer patients (...)
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  20.  60
    Mandatory Minimums and the War on Drugs.Daniel Wodak - 2018 - In David Boonin, Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 51-62.
    Mandatory minimum sentencing provisions have been a feature of the US justice system since 1790. But they have expanded considerably under the war on drugs, and their use has expanded considerably under the Trump Administration; some states are also poised to expand drug-related mandatory minimums further in efforts to fight the current opioid epidemic. In this chapter I outline and evaluate three prominent arguments for and against the use of mandatory minimums in the war on drugs—they appeal, respectively, (...)
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  21. Pathways to Drug Liberalization: Racial Justice, Public Health, and Human Rights.Jonathan Lewis, Brian D. Earp & Carl L. Hart - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (9):W10-W12.
    In our recent article, together with more than 60 of our colleagues, we outlined a proposal for drug policy reform consisting of four specific yet interrelated strategies: (1) de jure decriminalization of all psychoactive substances currently deemed illicit for personal use or possession (so-called “recreational” drugs), accompanied by harm reduction policies and initiatives akin to the Portugal model; (2) expunging criminal convictions for nonviolent offenses pertaining to the use or possession of small quantities of such drugs (and (...)
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  22.  27
    Risks, Benefits, Complications and Harms: Neglected Factors in the Current Debate on Non-Therapeutic Circumcision.Robert Darby - 2015 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 25 (1):1-34.
    Much of the contemporary debate about the propriety of non-therapeutic circumcision of male infants and boys revolves around the question of risks vs. benefits. With its headline conclusion that the benefits outweigh the risks, the current circumcision policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP] (released 2012) is a typical instance of this line of thought. Since the AAP states that it cannot assess the true incidence of complications, however, critics have pointed out that this conclusion is unwarranted. In (...)
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  23.  35
    Prescribing safe supply: ethical considerations for clinicians.Katherine Duthie, Eric Mathison, Helgi Eyford & S. Monty Ghosh - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (6):377-382.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the drug poisoning epidemic in a number of ways: individuals use alone more often, there is decreased access to harm reduction services and there has been an increase in the toxicity of the unregulated drug supply. In response to the crisis, clinicians, policy makers and people who use drugs have been seeking ways to prevent the worst harms of unregulated opioid use. One prominent idea is safe supply. One form of safe supply (...)
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  24.  19
    We Can't Go Cold Turkey: Why Suppressing Drug Markets Endangers Society.Nick Werle & Ernesto Zedillo - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):325-342.
    This essay argues that policies aimed at suppressing drug use exacerbate the nation's opioid problem. It neither endorses drug use nor advocates legalizing the consumption and sale of all substances in all circumstances. Instead, it contends that trying to suppress drug markets is the wrong goal, and in the midst of an addiction crisis it can be deadly. There is no single, correct drug policy; the right approach depends crucially on the substance at issue, the (...)
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  25.  20
    Moving the needle: strengthening ethical protections for people who inject drugs in clinical trials.Daniel Wolfe - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (3):161-162.
    Those researching HIV prevention measures for people who inject drugs face a dilemma. Regions where baseline HIV prevalence and onward transmission via injecting is sufficiently high to power HIV prevention trials are also those where repressive laws, policies and practices raise concerns about the ethics of research subject protection. Dawson et al, outlining criteria to address ethical challenges in HIV prevention research among PWID, recommend that all trial participants be offered sterile injecting equipment and urge additional strategies to limit research (...)
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  26.  58
    The impact of practice guidelines and funding policies on the use of new drugs in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer.George Dranitsaris, William K. Evans, Debbie Milliken & Brent Zanke - 2005 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 11 (4):350-356.
  27.  28
    Respect women, promote health and reduce stigma: ethical arguments for universal hepatitis C screening in pregnancy.Marielle S. Gross, Alexandra R. Ruth & Sonja A. Rasmussen - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (10):674-677.
    In the USA, there are missed opportunities to diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) in pregnancy because screening is currently risk-stratified and thus primarily limited to individuals who disclose history of injection drug use or sexually transmitted infection risks. Over the past decade, the opioid epidemic has dramatically increased incidence of HCV and a feasible, well-tolerated cure was introduced. Considering these developments, recent evidence suggests universal HCV screening in pregnancy would be cost-effective and several professional organisations have called for (...)
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  28.  19
    Police–suspect interactions and confession rates are affected by suspects’ alcohol and drug use status in low-stakes crime interrogations.Angelica V. Hagsand, Hanna Zajac, Lovisa Lidell, Christopher E. Kelly, Nadja Schreiber Compo & Jacqueline R. Evans - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundLow-stakes crimes related to alcohol and/or drugs are common around the world, but research is lacking on police–suspect interactions of such crimes. A large proportion of these suspects are intoxicated during interrogations, and many may have substance use disorder, making them potentially vulnerable to interrogative pressure.MethodsTo address this lack of knowledge, the taxonomy of interrogation methods framework and a common classification of question types were applied in the coding of written police interrogations. Two archival studies, one pilot and (...)
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  29.  27
    The Birth of Naloxone: An Intellectual History of an Ambivalent Opioid.Laura Kolbe & Joseph J. Fins - 2021 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30 (4):637-650.
    Naloxone, which reverses the effects of opioids, was synthesized in 1960, though the hunt for opioid antagonists began a half-century earlier. The history of this quest reveals how cultural and medical attitudes toward opioids have been marked by a polarization of discourse that belies a keen ambivalence. From 1915 to 1960, researchers were stymied in seeking a “pure” antidote to opioids, discovering instead numerous opioid molecules of mixed or paradoxical properties. At the same time, the quest for a (...)
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  30.  30
    Government Patent Use to Address the Rising Cost of Naloxone: 28 U.S.C. § 1498 and Evzio.Alex Wang & Aaron S. Kesselheim - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):472-484.
    The rising cost of the opioid antagonist and overdose reversal agent naloxone is an urgent public health problem. The recent and dramatic price increase of Evzio, a naloxone auto-injector produced by Kaléo, shows how pharmaceutical manufacturers entering the naloxone marketplace rely on market exclusivity guaranteed by the patent system to charge prices at what the market can bear, which can restrict access to life-saving medication. We argue that 28 U.S.C. § 1498, a section of the federal code that allows (...)
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  31. Police Interrogation and Fraudulent Epistemic Environments.Luke William Hunt - 2025 - Journal of Public Policy:1-23.
    The police are required to establish probable cause before engaging in custodial interrogation. Much custodial interrogation relies on a fraudulent epistemic environment (FEE) in which the police knowingly use deception and dishonesty to gain an advantage over a suspect regarding a material issue, injuring the interests of the suspect. Probable cause, then, is a sort of evidentiary and epistemic standard that legally justifies the police’s use of deceptive and dishonest custodial interrogation tactics that are on par with (...)
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  32.  47
    Using the therapy and enhancement distinction in law and policy.Andrew McGee - 2019 - Bioethics 34 (1):70-80.
    In a first major study, the UK’s Royal Society found that 76% of people in the UK are in favour of therapeutic germline genomic editing to correct genetic diseases in human embryos, but found there was little appetite for germline genomic editing for non‐therapeutic purposes. Assuming the UK and other governments acted on these findings, can lawmakers and policymakers coherently regulate the use of biomedical innovations by permitting their use for therapeutic purposes but prohibiting their use for (...)
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  33.  67
    Achieving Equity with Predictive Policing Algorithms: A Social Safety Net Perspective.Chun-Ping Yen & Tzu-Wei Hung - 2021 - Science and Engineering Ethics 27 (3):1-16.
    Whereas using artificial intelligence (AI) to predict natural hazards is promising, applying a predictive policing algorithm (PPA) to predict human threats to others continues to be debated. Whereas PPAs were reported to be initially successful in Germany and Japan, the killing of Black Americans by police in the US has sparked a call to dismantle AI in law enforcement. However, although PPAs may statistically associate suspects with economically disadvantaged classes and ethnic minorities, the targeted groups they aim to protect (...)
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  34.  58
    Opioids May be Appropriate for Chronic Pain.Paul J. Christo - 2020 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 48 (2):241-248.
    Patients living with chronic pain require appropriate access to opioid therapy along with improved access to pain care and additional therapeutic options. It's both medically reasonable and ethical to consider opioid therapy as a treatment option in the management of chronic, non-cancer pain for a subset of patients with severe pain that is unresponsive to other therapies, negatively impacts function or quality of life, and will likely outweigh the potential harms. This paper will examine opioid therapy (...)
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  35. Responding to Unexpected Urine Drug Test Results: A Phenomenological Approach.Casey Rentmeester - 2023 - Journal of Applied Hermeneutics 2023:1-12.
    As a response to the opioid epidemic in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain in 2016. This document served as a means to reduce risks and address harms of opioid use by recommending that clinicians conduct periodic urine drug testing for patients on chronic opioid therapy. As an unintended result of this recommendation, providers began using unexpected urine drug test results (...)
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  36. Drug Familiarization and Therapeutic Misconception Via Direct-to-Consumer Information.Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2015 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 12 (2):259-267.
    Promotion of prescription drugs may appear to be severely limited in some jurisdictions due to restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising. However, in most jurisdictions, strategies exist to raise consumer awareness about prescription drugs, notably through the deployment of direct-to-consumer information campaigns that encourage patients to seek help for particular medical conditions. In Canada, DTCI is presented by industry and regulated by Health Canada as being purely informational activities, but their design and integration in broader promotional campaigns raise very similar ethical concerns (...)
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  37.  14
    The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: Advancing Public Health Through Industry Document Disclosure.G. Caleb Alexander & Kate Tasker - 2024 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 52 (1):133-135.
    More than twenty-five years after the first signs of potential harm, the US remains locked in the grip of an opioid epidemic, with more Americans dying from overdoses than ever before.1 Diversion of prescription opioids plays an important role in opioid-related harms. Much of the scientific and public health focus on diversion has been on end-users, given how commonly non-medical prescription opioid use occurs, as well as the proportion of individuals who report that their source of non-medical (...)
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  38.  29
    Our Ethical Obligation to Treat Opioid Use Disorder in Prisons: A Patient and Physician's Perspective.Curtis Bone, Lindsay Eysenbach, Kristen Bell & Declan T. Barry - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (2):268-271.
    The opioid epidemic has claimed the lives of more than 183,000 individuals since 1999 and is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Meanwhile, rates of incarceration have quadrupled in recent decades, and drug use is the leading cause of incarceration. Medication-assisted treatment or MAT is the gold standard for treatment of opioid use disorder. Incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder treated with methadone or buprenorphine have a lower risk of overdose, lower (...)
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  39.  30
    Lessons Learned from the Expansion of Naloxone Access in Massachusetts and North Carolina.Corey S. Davis, Alexander Y. Walley & Colleen M. Bridger - 2015 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 43 (S1):19-22.
    States are rapidly modifying law and policy to increase access to the opioid antidote naloxone, and the provision of naloxone rescue kits for use in the event of overdose is becoming increasingly common. As of late 2014 the majority of states had passed laws increasing naloxone access, and nearly as many have modified emergency responder scope of practice protocols to permit Emergency Medical Technicians and law enforcement officers to administer the medication. While the text of these laws is generally (...)
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  40.  54
    Opioid mediation of learned sexual behavior.Kevin S. Holloway - 2012 - Socioaffective Neuroscience and Psychology 2.
    Identifying the role of opioids in the mediation of learned sexual behaviors has been complicated by the use of differing methodologies in the investigations. In this review addressing multiple species, techniques, and pharmaceutical manipulations, several features of opioid mediation become apparent. Opioids are differentially involved in conditioned and unconditioned sexual behaviors. The timing of the delivery of a sexual reinforcer during conditioning trials, especially those using male subjects, acutely influences the role that opioids have in learning. Opioids may be (...)
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  41.  25
    Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll-like receptor 4.M. Hutchinson, Y. Zhang, K. Brown, B. Coats, M. Shridhar, P. Sholar, S. Patel, N. Crysdale, J. Harrison, S. Maier, K. Rice & L. Watkins - 2008 - European Journal of Neuroscience 28 (1):20-29.
    Although activated spinal cord glia contribute importantly to neuropathic pain, how nerve injury activates glia remains controversial. It has recently been proposed, on the basis of genetic approaches, that toll-like receptor 4 may be a key receptor for initiating microglial activation following L5 spinal nerve injury. The present studies extend this idea pharmacologically by showing that TLR4 is key for maintaining neuropathic pain following sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury. Established neuropathic pain was reversed by intrathecally delivered TLR4 receptor antagonists derived (...)
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  42.  73
    Working up policy : the use of specific disease exemplars in formulating general principles governing childhood genetic testing. [REVIEW]Paula Boddington & Susan Hogben - 2006 - Health Care Analysis 14 (1):1-13.
    Non-therapeutic genetic testing in childhood presents a “myriad of ethical questions”; questions which are discussed and resolved in professional policy and position statements. In this paper we consider an underdiscussed but strongly influential feature of policy-making, the role of selective case and exemplar in the production of general recommendations. Our analysis, in the tradition of rhetoric and argumentation, examines the predominate use of three particular disease exemplar to argue for or against particular genetic tests. We discuss the influence these (...)
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  43.  17
    Splitting the difference: Partnering with non-governmental organizations to manage HIV/AIDS epidemics in Australia and Thailand. [REVIEW]Peter A. Mameli - 2001 - Human Rights Review 2 (2):93-112.
    Australia and Thailand have made great progress in partnering with NGOs to respond to HIV/AIDS through the protection of human rights. Unquestionably, the Australian experience is more advanced. However, it is important to note that Australia’s political institutions and traditions were able to empower and accept an NGO movement of this nature almost from the start of disease identification.Thailand did not have this advantage, having only moved toward political institutions that are open to public opinion and civil society’s input within (...)
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  44. Racial Justice Requires Ending the War on Drugs.Brian D. Earp, Jonathan Lewis, Carl L. Hart & Walter Veit - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (4):4-19.
    Historically, laws and policies to criminalize drug use or possession were rooted in explicit racism, and they continue to wreak havoc on certain racialized communities. We are a group of bioethicists, drug experts, legal scholars, criminal justice researchers, sociologists, psychologists, and other allied professionals who have come together in support of a policy proposal that is evidence-based and ethically recommended. We call for the immediate decriminalization of all so-called recreational drugs and, ultimately, for their timely and appropriate (...)
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  45.  44
    Revive and Refuse: Capacity, Autonomy, and Refusal of Care After Opioid Overdose.Kenneth D. Marshall, Arthur R. Derse, Scott G. Weiner & Joshua W. Joseph - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (5):11-24.
    Physicians generally recommend that patients resuscitated with naloxone after opioid overdose stay in the emergency department for a period of observation in order to prevent harm from delayed sequelae of opioid toxicity. Patients frequently refuse this period of observation despiteenefit to risk. Healthcare providers are thus confronted with the challenge of how best to protect the patient’s interests while also respecting autonomy, including assessing whether the patient is making an autonomous choice to refuse care. Previous studies have shown (...)
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  46. Triage during the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain: better and worse ethical arguments.Benjamin Herreros, Pablo Gella & Diego Real de Asua - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (7):455-458.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an imbalance between the clinical needs of the population and the effective availability of advanced life support (ALS) resources. Triage protocols have thus become necessary. Triage decisions in situations of scarce resources were not extraordinary in the pre-COVID-19 era; these protocols abounded in the context of organ transplantation. However, this prior experience was not considered during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain. Lacking national guidance or public coordination, each hospital has been forced to put forth independent (...)
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  47.  48
    Bioethics, Race, and Contempt.Yolonda Yvette Wilson - 2021 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18 (1):13-22.
    The U.S. healthcare system has a long history of displaying racist contempt toward Black people. From medical schools’ use of enslaved bodies as cadavers to the widespread hospital practice of reporting suspected drug users who seek medical help to the police, the institutional practices and policies that have shaped U.S. healthcare systems as we know them cannot be minimized as coincidence. Rather, the very foundations of medical discovery, diagnosis, and treatment are built on racist contempt for Black people (...)
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  48.  94
    What's trust got to do with it? Revisiting opioid contracts.Daniel Z. Buchman & Anita Ho - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (10):673-677.
    Prescription opioid abuse (POA) is an escalating clinical and public health problem. Physician worries about iatrogenic addiction and whether patients are ‘drug seeking’, ‘abusing’ and ‘diverting’ prescription opioids exist against a backdrop of professional and legal consequences of prescribing that have created a climate of distrust in chronic pain management. One attempt to circumvent these worries is the use of opioid contracts that outline conditions patients must agree to in order to receive opioids. Opioid contracts have (...)
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  49.  54
    How children can be respected as 'ends' yet still be used as subjects in non-therapeutic research.R. B. Redmon - 1986 - Journal of Medical Ethics 12 (2):77-82.
    The question of whether or not children may be used as subjects in non-therapeutic research projects has generated a great deal of debate and received answers varying from 'no, never' to 'yes, if societal interests are served'. It has been claimed that a Kantian, deontological ethics would necessarily rule out such research, since valid consent would be impossible. The present paper gives a deontological argument for allowing children to be subjects in certain types of research.
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  50.  19
    Neuropsychiatric disorders and the misguided emphasis on individual responsibility in public health interventions.Craig Waldence McFarland, Julia Pace, Emily Rodriguez, Makenna Law & Ivan Ramirez - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (10):696-697.
    Neuropsychiatric disorders such as drug addiction, depression and schizophrenia are often centrally implicated in public health challenges. These conditions impact the individuals affected and have widespread implications, contributing to related crises such as opioid epidemic, rising suicide rates and homelessness. Despite their influence, public health interventions frequently emphasise individual responsibility, overlooking the complex interplay of neurobiological and systemic factors that underpin these disorders. Current public health frameworks, such as the Nuffield Council on Bioethics’ intervention ladder, prioritise efforts that (...)
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