Results for 'Scientific community'

975 found
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  1.  9
    Scientific Community.Ilya T. Kasavin & Olga E. Stoliarova - 2024 - Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 61 (3):6-20.
    This article problematizes the state of the contemporary scientific community, which fluctuates between the desire for autonomy and creative freedom, on the one hand, and responsibility to social challenges, on the other. In this context, the social meaning of Paul Feyerabend’s epistemological anarchism is reconstructed, revealing not only critical but also positive significance for contemporary science. Answering the two-sided question, “What kind of society does science need, and what kind of science does society need?”, Feyerabend gives a disappointing (...)
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  2.  81
    Scientific Community: A Moral Dimension.Kristina Rolin - 2017 - Social Epistemology 31 (5):468-483.
    I argue that in epistemically well-designed scientific communities, scientists are united by mutual epistemic responsibilities, and epistemic responsibilities are understood not merely as epistemic but also as moral duties. Epistemic responsibilities can be understood as moral duties because they contribute to the well-being of other human beings by showing respect for them, especially in their capacity as knowers. A moral account of epistemically responsible behaviour is needed to supplement accounts that appeal to scientists’ self-interests or personal epistemic goals. This (...)
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  3.  10
    The scientific community.James Clerk Maxwell - 1998 - In Martin Bridgstock, Science, technology, and society: an introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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  4.  36
    Scientific communities, recent crisis and change in economics: a Kuhnian perspective.Sergios Tzotzes & Dimitris Milonakis - 2022 - Journal of Economic Methodology 30 (1):34-48.
    Considering Kuhn’s emphasis on the community structure of science, this paper focuses on the scientific community to inquire whether the recent global financial crisis ushered paradigm change in economics. To appraise the nature and the extent of post-crisis change, we examine the methodological constitution of the dominant paradigm identified as New Consensus Macroeconomics, methodological commitments binding paradigm and scientific community, and assess the practice of the community, particularly the treatment of anomalies. Subsequently, an attempt (...)
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  5.  27
    Scientific communication: So where do we go from here?James Hartley - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):215-216.
  6. Formal models of the scientific community and the value-ladenness of science.Vincenzo Politi - 2021 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (4):1-23.
    In the past few years, social epistemologists have developed several formal models of the social organisation of science. While their robustness and representational adequacy has been analysed at length, the function of these models has begun to be discussed in more general terms only recently. In this article, I will interpret many of the current formal models of the scientific community as representing the latest development of what I will call the ‘Kuhnian project’. These models share with Kuhn (...)
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  7.  50
    Scientific Community and Cooperation in Peirce's European Letters.Jaime Nubiola - 2014 - Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 50 (3):444.
    This contribution describes—with some documentary support from Peirce’s correspondence of his first and second European trips—Peirce’s conception of science as a collective and co-operative activity of all those whose lives are animated by the desire to find out the truth, whose lives are animated by “an impulse to penetrate into the reason of things.” The paper has two sections: first, Peirce as an inventor and builder of research instruments around which scientific communities are formed, and, second, Peirce’s own experience (...)
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  8.  17
    Scientific Communication and Cognitive Codification: Social Systems Theory and the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge.Loet Leydesdorff - 2007 - European Journal of Social Theory 10 (3):375-388.
    The intellectual organization of the sciences cannot be appreciated sufficiently unless the cognitive dimension is considered as an independent source of variance. Cognitive structures interact and co-construct the organization of scholars and discourses into research programs, specialties, and disciplines. In the sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of translation, these heterogeneous sources of variance have been homogenized a priori in the concepts of practices and actor-networks. Practices and actor-networks, however, can be explained in terms of the self-organization of (...)
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  9. The ethics of scientific communication under uncertainty.Robert O. Keohane, Melissa Lane & Michael Oppenheimer - 2014 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 13 (4):343-368.
    Communication by scientists with policy makers and attentive publics raises ethical issues. Scientists need to decide how to communicate knowledge effectively in a way that nonscientists can understand and use, while remaining honest scientists and presenting estimates of the uncertainty of their inferences. They need to understand their own ethical choices in using scientific information to communicate to audiences. These issues were salient in the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change with respect to possible sea level (...)
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  10. Does the Scientific Community Misconstrue the Nature of Science?Nicholas Maxwell - 2021 - Global Journal of Research and Review 8 (5):83.
    The scientific community takes for granted a view of science that may be called standard empiricism. This holds that the basic intellectual aim of science is truth, nothing being presupposed about the truth, the basic method being to assess theories with respect to evidence. A basic tenet of the view is that science must not accept any thesis about the world as a part of scientific knowledge independent of evidence, let alone in violation of evidence. But physics (...)
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  11.  33
    Fallibilism and the Ideal Scientific Community.Eugene Schlossberger - 1982 - Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 18 (3):230 - 231.
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  12.  11
    Changing Attitudes Within the Scientific Community.Leonard A. Cole - 1983 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 3 (2):107-117.
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  13. Charting the Scientific Community.Richard Westfall - 1994 - Neusis 1:85-97.
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  14. The Distribution of Ethical Labor in the Scientific Community.Vincenzo Politi & Alexei Grinbaum - 2020 - Journal of Responsible Innovation 7:263-279.
    To believe that every single scientist ought to be individually engaged in ethical thinking in order for science to be responsible at a collective level may be too demanding, if not plainly unrealistic. In fact, ethical labor is typically distributed across different kinds of scientists within the scientific community. Based on the empirical data collected within the Horizon 2020 ‘RRI-Practice’ project, we propose a classification of the members of the scientific community depending on their engagement in (...)
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  15. Scientific communication in the process to coauthorship.Sofia Liberman & Kurt Bernardo Wolf - 2013 - In Gregory J. Feist & Michael E. Gorman, Handbook of the psychology of science. New York: Springer Pub. Company, LLC.
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  16.  11
    The scientific community and the images of legal science: an empirical survey of the paradigms in Finnish legal science.Pirjo Mikkola - 1982 - Helsinki: Oikeustieteellisen tutkimuksen tutkimus. Edited by Aulis Aarnio & Juha Pöyhönen.
  17.  95
    Collaborative research, scientific communities, and the social diffusion of trustworthiness.Torsten Wilholt - 2016 - In Michael Brady & Miranda Fricker, The Epistemic Life of Groups: Essays in the Epistemology of Collectives. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK.
    The main thesis of this paper is that when we trust the results of scientific research, that trust is inevitably directed at least in part at collective bodies rather than at single researchers, and that accordingly, reasonable assessments of epistemic trustworthiness in science must attend to these collective bodies. In order to support this claim, I start by invoking the collaborative nature of most of today’s scientific research. I argue that the trustworthiness of a collaborative research group does (...)
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  18.  11
    The Scientific Community as the Ideal of the Universal Human Community.Władysław Krajewski - 1993 - Dialogue and Humanism 3 (2):58-62.
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  19. Trusting the Scientific Community: The Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Trust in Science.Matthew Slater -
    Trust in the scientific enterprise — in science as an institution — is arguably important to individuals’ and societies’ well-being. Although some measures of public trust in science exist, the recipients of that trust are often ambiguous between trusting individual scientists and the scientific community at large. We argue that more precision would be beneficial — specifically, targeting public trust of the scientific community at large — and describe the development and validation of such an (...)
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  20.  59
    The problem of being a paradigm: the emergence of neural stem cells as example for “Kuhnian” revolution in biology or misconception of the scientific community?Jens Benninghoff, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Harald Hampel & Angelo Luigi Vescovi - 2008 - Poiesis and Praxis 6 (1-2):3-11.
    In a thought experiment we want to test how the emergence of adult neural stem cells could constitute an example for a scientific revolution in the sense of Thomas Kuhn. In his major work, The structure of scientific revolutions, 3rd edn, University of Chicago Press, Chicago (Kuhn 1996), the philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, states that scientific progress is not a cumulative process, but new theories appear by a rather revolutionary sequence of events. Kuhn built his theory (...)
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  21.  6
    Decomposition of scientific communication.Vladimir Kuznetsov - forthcoming - Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication.
    As a social activity, the sciences are only possible through communication among scientists themselves and between scientists and society. The article analyses natural, biological, social and ideological prerequisites of scientific communication (SC) as an ensemble of interrelated acts of scientific information exchange. A taxonomy of professional networks as a medium for SC is proposed. The need for a permanent struggle for the preservation and development of the values of both a free society and science is emphasized.
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  22.  37
    Positivist discourse and social scientific communities: Towards an epistemological sociology of science.Robert Pahre - 1995 - Social Epistemology 9 (3):233 – 255.
    (1995). Positivist discourse and social scientific communities: Towards an epistemological sociology of science. Social Epistemology: Vol. 9, Knowledge (EX) Change, pp. 233-255.
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  23. Transparency in scientific communication: From leibnizג€™s dream to todayג€™s reality.Marcelo Dascal - unknown
    Communication is a crucial component of scientific activity (as of virtually any other domain of human activity, especially in this "communication age" in which we live). As researchers and as citizens, we should all be concerned with the communication of science as well as with communication within science. In this paper, I will deal with one of the key aspects of this topic ג€“ the question whether scientific communication is or should be ג€�transparentג€�. The view that this is (...)
     
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  24.  70
    Ethics in scientific communication: study of a problem case.R. L. Berger - 1994 - Journal of Medical Ethics 20 (4):207-211.
    The hypothermia experiments performed on humans during the Second World War at the German concentration camp in Dachau have been regarded as crimes against humanity, disguised as medical research. For almost 50 years, scientists maintained that the study produced valuable, even if not totally reliable, information. In recent years, the results from the Dachau hypothermia project were glamorized with life-saving potential and a heated ethical dialogue was activated about the use of life-saving but tainted scientific information. In the wake (...)
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  25. Believing to Belong: Addressing the Novice-Expert Problem in Polarized Scientific Communication.Helen De Cruz - 2020 - Social Epistemology 34 (5):440-452.
    There is a large gap between the specialized knowledge of scientists and laypeople’s understanding of the sciences. The novice-expert problem arises when non-experts are confronted with (real or apparent) scientific disagreement, and when they don’t know whom to trust. Because they are not able to gauge the content of expert testimony, they rely on imperfect heuristics to evaluate the trustworthiness of scientists. This paper investigates why some bodies of scientific knowledge become polarized along political fault lines. Laypeople navigate (...)
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  26.  33
    Religious rites and scientific communities: Ayudha puja as “culture” at the indian institute of science.Renny Thomas & Robert M. Geraci - 2018 - Zygon 53 (1):95-122.
    Ayudha Puja, a South Indian festival translated as “worship of the machines,” is a dramatic example of how religion and science intertwine in political life. Across South India, but especially in the state of Karnataka, scientists and engineers celebrate the festival in offices, laboratories, and workshops by attending a puja led by a priest. Although the festival is noteworthy in many ways, one of its most immediate valences is political. In this article, we argue that Ayudha Puja normalizes Brahminical Hinduism (...)
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  27.  72
    A mid-level approach to modeling scientific communities.Audrey Harnagel - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 76:49-59.
    This paper provides an account of mid-level models, which calibrate highly theoretical agent-based models of scientific communities by incorporating empirical information from real-world systems. As a result, these models more closely correspond with real-world communities, and are better suited for informing policy decisions than extant how-possibly models. I provide an exemplar of a mid-level model of science funding allocation that incorporates bibliometric data from scientific publications and data generated from empirical studies of peer review into an epistemic landscape (...)
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  28. The referee’s dilemma. The ethics of scientific communities and game theory.Tomislav Bracanovic - 2002 - Prolegomena 1 (1):55-74.
    This article argues that various deviations from the basic principles of the scientific ethos – primarily the appearance of pseudoscience in scientific communities – can be formulated and explained using specific models of game theory, such as the prisoner’s dilemma and the iterated prisoner’s dilemma. The article indirectly tackles the deontology of scientific work as well, in which it is assumed that there is no room for moral skepticism, let alone moral anti-realism, in the ethics of (...) communities. Namely, on the basis of the generally accepted dictum of scientific endeavor as the pursuit of knowledge exclusively for knowledge’s sake, scientifically »right« behavior is seen to be clearly defined and distinguishable from scientifically »wrong« behavior. After elucidating the basic principles of game theory, the article illustrates – by using imaginary and real cases, as well as some views from the philosophyof biology (the units of selection debate) – how this sort of reasoning could be applied in an analysis of the functioning of science. (shrink)
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  29.  85
    It's Not Given Us to Foretell How Our Words Will Echo through the Ages: The Reception of Novel Ideas by Scientific Community.Valentin Bazhanov - 2009 - Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 13 (2):129-136.
    The paper reveals some mostly unnoticed and unexpected trends in reception of novel ideas in science. The author formulates certain principles of the reception of these ideas by scientific communities and justifies them by examples from modern mathematics and non-classical logic.
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  30.  18
    Engineering roles and identities in the scientific community: toward participatory justice.Vitaly Pronskikh - unknown
    This paper seeks to examine the roles and identities of engineers constituting one of the fundamental, but a completely indescribable community in modern big science with particle accelerators. Large communities of accelerator and detector specialists, which replaced experimenters and instrumentalists of the middle of the last century, themselves exhibit a complex structure and are divided. However, this division is in turn grounded on the division of those whose activities focus on the phenomena of nature considered independent of human beings (...)
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  31. A Problem for Generic Generalisations in Scientific Communication.Mark Bowker - 2023 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 40 (1):123-132.
    Generic generalisations like ‘Opioids are highly addictive’ are very useful in scientific communication, but they can often be interpreted in many different ways. Although this is not a problem when all interpretations provide the same answer to the question under discussion, a problem arises when a generic generalisation is used to answer a question other than that originally intended. In such cases, some interpretations of the generalisation might answer the question in a way that the original speaker would not (...)
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  32. Reliability of testimonial norms in scientific communities.Conor Mayo-Wilson - 2014 - Synthese 191 (1):55-78.
    Several current debates in the epistemology of testimony are implicitly motivated by concerns about the reliability of rules for changing one’s beliefs in light of others’ claims. Call such rules testimonial norms (tns). To date, epistemologists have neither (i) characterized those features of communities that influence the reliability of tns, nor (ii) evaluated the reliability of tns as those features vary. These are the aims of this paper. I focus on scientific communities, where the transmission of highly specialized information (...)
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  33.  94
    The Journey from Discovery to Scientific Change: Scientific Communities, Shared Models, and Specialised Vocabulary.Sarah M. Roe - 2017 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31 (1):47-67.
    Scientific communities as social groupings and the role that such communities play in scientific change and the production of scientific knowledge is currently under debate. I examine theory change as a complex social interaction among individual scientists and the scientific community, and argue that individuals will be motivated to adopt a more radical or innovative attitude when confronted with striking similarities between model systems and a more robust understanding of specialised vocabulary. Two case studies from (...)
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  34.  81
    Disciplinary Networks and Bounding: Scientific Communication Between Science and Technology Studies and the History of Science. [REVIEW]Frédéric Vandermoere & Raf Vanderstraeten - 2012 - Minerva 50 (4):451-470.
    This article examines the communication networks within and between science and technology studies (STS) and the history of science. In particular, journal relatedness data are used to analyze some of the structural features of their disciplinary identities and relationships. The results first show that, although the history of science is more than half a century older than STS, the size of the STS network is more than twice that of the history of science network. Further, while a majority of the (...)
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  35.  30
    Research Misconduct in the Croatian Scientific Community: A Survey Assessing the Forms and Characteristics of Research Misconduct.Vanja Pupovac, Snježana Prijić-Samaržija & Mladen Petrovečki - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (1):165-181.
    The prevalence and characteristics of research misconduct have mainly been studied in highly developed countries. In moderately or poorly developed countries such as Croatia, data on research misconduct are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to determine the rates at which scientists report committing or observing the most serious forms of research misconduct, such as falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, and violation of authorship rules in the Croatian scientific community. Additionally, we sought to determine the degree of development (...)
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  36.  18
    Choice and the scientific community.John Maddox - 1964 - Minerva 2 (2):141-159.
  37. The benefits of acquiring interactional expertise: Why (some) philosophers of science should engage scientific communities.Kathryn S. Plaisance - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 83:53-62.
    Philosophers of science are increasingly arguing for and addressing the need to do work that is socially and scientifically engaged. However, we currently lack well-developed frameworks for thinking about how we should engage other expert communities and what the epistemic benefits are of doing so. In this paper, I draw on Collins and Evans' concept of ‘interactional expertise’ – the ability to speak the language of a discipline in the absence of an ability to practice – to consider the epistemic (...)
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  38.  48
    The genesis of 'scientific community'.Struan Jacobs - 2001 - Social Epistemology 16 (2):157 – 168.
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  39.  24
    Science and the Media: Alternative Routes to Scientific Communications.Massimiano Bucchi - 1998 - Routledge.
    In the days of global warming and BSE, science is increasingly a public issue. This book provides a theoretical framework which allows us to understand why and how scientists address the general public. The author develops the argument that turning to the public is not simply a response to inaccurate reporting by journalists or to public curiosity, nor a wish to gain recognition and additional funding. Rather, it is a tactic to which the scientific community are pushed by (...)
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  40.  19
    The sociology of the scientific community.Trevor Pinch - 1989 - In R. C. Olby, G. N. Cantor, J. R. R. Christie & M. J. S. Hodge, Companion to the History of Modern Science. Routledge. pp. 87--97.
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  41.  32
    The genesis of 'scientific community'.Struan Jacobs - 2002 - Social Epistemology 16 (2):157-168.
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  42.  34
    Epistemic Consequences of Bibliometrics-based Evaluation: Insights from the Scientific Community.Tommaso Castellani, Emanuele Pontecorvo & Adriana Valente - 2016 - Social Epistemology 30 (4):398-419.
    The aim of this paper is to investigate the consequences of the bibliometrics-based evaluation system of scientific production on the contents and methods of sciences. The research has been conducted by means of in-depth interviews to a multi-disciplinary panel of Italian researchers. We discuss the implications of bibliometrics-based evaluation on the choice of the research topic, on the experimental practices, on the dissemination habits. We observe that the validation of the bibliometrics-based evaluation practices relies on the acceptance and diffusion (...)
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  43.  47
    Oldenburg and the art of Scientific Communication.Marie Boas Hall - 1965 - British Journal for the History of Science 2 (4):277-290.
    For fifteen years, from 1662 until his death in 1677, Henry Oldenburg served the Royal Society as second Secretary and was charged with almost the entire burden of its correspondence, domestic and foreign. During this time he acted as a centre for the communication of scientific news, searching out new sources of information, encouraging men everywhere to make their work public, acting as an intermediary between scientists and, through the Philosophical Transactions, providing a medium for the publication of short (...)
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  44.  36
    Saving chemical phenomena outside the scientific community: Frantisek Wald, Chemie Fasi, Univerzita Karlova v Praze , 227 pp. . Review refers to German version only.Klaus Ruthenberg - 2007 - Foundations of Chemistry 9 (3):317-320.
  45.  30
    The search for a scientific community in Venezuela: From isolation to applied research.Hebe M. C. Vessuri - 1984 - Minerva 22 (2):196-235.
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  46.  28
    The International Scientific Community.John M. Ziman - 1977 - Minerva 15 (1):83-93.
  47.  12
    Making an Issue out of a Standard: Storytelling Practices in a Scientific Community.Geoffrey C. Bowker, Karen S. Baker, David Ribes & Florence Millerand - 2013 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 38 (1):7-43.
    The article focuses on stories and storytelling practices as explanatory resources in standardization processes. It draws upon an ethnographic study of the development of a technical standard for data sharing in an ecological research community, where participants struggle to articulate the difficulties encountered in implementing the standard. Building from C. Wright Mills’ classic distinction between private troubles and public issues, the authors follow the development of a story as it comes to assist in transforming individual troubles in standard implementation (...)
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  48.  33
    Editing entomology: natural-history periodicals and the shaping of scientific communities in nineteenth-century Britain.Matthew Wale - 2019 - British Journal for the History of Science 52 (3):405-423.
    This article addresses the issue of professionalization in the life sciences during the second half of the nineteenth century through a survey of British entomological periodicals. It is generally accepted that this period saw the rise of professional practitioners and the emergence of biology (as opposed to the older mode of natural history). However, recent scholarship has increasingly shown that this narrative elides the more complex processes at work in shaping scientific communities from the 1850s to the turn of (...)
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  49.  49
    Mathematical Proof as a Form of Appeal to a Scientific Community.Valentin A. Bazhanov - 2012 - Russian Studies in Philosophy 50 (4):56-72.
    The author analyzes proof and argumentation as a form of appeal to a scientific community with deep ethical meaning. He presents proof primarily as an effort to persuade a scientific community rather than a search for true knowledge, as an instrument by which responsibility is taken for the correctness of the thesis being proved, which usually originates in a sudden flash of insight.
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  50. (1 other version)Collective responsibility and fraud in scientific communities.Bryce Huebner & Liam Kofi Bright - 2020 - In Saba Bazargan-Forward & Deborah Tollefsen, The Routledge Handbook of Collective Responsibility. Routledge.
    Given the importance of scientific research in shaping our perception of the world, and our senses of what policies will and won’t succeed in altering that world, it is of great practical, political, and moral importance that we carry out scientific research with integrity. The phenomenon of scientific fraud stands in the way of that, as scientists may knowingly enter claims they take to be false into the scientific literature, often knowingly doing so in defiance of (...)
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