Shiqin She | : Le tragique hölderlinien mérite une attention spéciale, car chez Hölderlin la tragédie de nature dialectique se présente comme une allégorie de l’impossibilité de la spéculation. Le poète philosophe tentait, à partir de 1798, d’écrire une tragédie moderne, La mort d’Empédocle. Pour maintes raisons, il n’a pas pu mener l’imitation des Grecs jusqu’au bout ; il lui semblait qu’une tragédie moderne fût impossible. Pour lui, cet échec dramaturgique a une signification antimétaphysique. Dans ce travail, nous procéderons, (...) à partir des trois définitions de la tragédie qu’il propose à compter de 1798, à l’analyse de l’impact que son échec dramaturgique a eu sur sa compréhension de l’essence du tragique, puis sur sa critique de la raison spéculative. | : Hölderlin’s conception of the tragic deserves special attention, since for Hölderlin tragedy of a dialectical nature presents itself as an allegory of the impossibility of speculation. The poet philosopher was trying, from 1798 onwards, to write a modern tragedy, The Death of Empedocles. For a number of reasons, he found himself unable to succeed to the end in his imitation of the Greeks ; it seemed to him that a modern tragedy proved impossible. For him, that dramaturgic failure had an anti-metaphysical significance. In this paper, we will proceed, starting with the three definitions of tragedy which he provides from 1798 onwards, to the analysis of the impact his dramaturgic failure had on his comprehension of the essence of the tragic, and then on his critique of speculative reason. (shrink)

I. The Paradox of “Judgment” and Pre-reflective Self-AwarenessIn “Fichte’s Original Insight” (1982), Dieter Henrich, the founder of the Heidelberg School, delivered a diagnosis of why three hundred years of Western explication of the internal structure of subjectivity proved to be fruitless. As Manfred Frank noted, “Seldom has so much food for thought been put in a nutshell.”1 Fichte had the “insight” that his predecessors, in their totality (and “nearly all his successors”2), including Kant, misconceived the reality of our self-consciousness as (...) reflection, and thus fell prey to circular reasoning. A subject’s reflection on its own identity is impossible, since it can gain awareness of this identity only if it previously possessed some immediate knowledge of itself. Therefore, (self-)consciousness should not be conceived within the framework of the “reflection model,” which possesses an inherent contradiction, but rather as pre-reflective in nature, and as such it must be postulated by our thought. This is not to say that reflective consciousness—“egological” consciousness, the “reflection model of consciousness,” the “higher-order” theory of consciousness—i.e., the cogito, is impossible, but merely to highlight that its logical foundation cannot be justified by itself and that it essentially depends on the pre-reflective sphere of our psychic lives.3. (shrink)

Collected works of Dge-lugs-pa scholar predominantly on doctrines, commentary on Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośa, study on Abhisamayālaṅkāra of Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāparāmitā, Buddhist logic, philosophy, rituals, etc.

Collected works of Sman-ri-ba Mnyam-med Shes-rabs-rgyal-mtshan, Bonpo scholar on Bon doctrines, reverential prayers, sadhanas and tantric texts.

Collected works of Shes-rab-rgya-mtsho, 1884-1968 on Gelukpa doctrines etc.

It is simply no longer acceptable to speak of the goddess Athena from the fifth generation of Olympian/Orphic Greece without reference to her mother Metis. Hesiod, among others, tells us Metis appears as a reincarnation of her first-generation self in the Olympian dynasty as wife of Zeus. She was originally the cosmic egg of all creation in the Orphic Theogony, as recounted by Apollodorus, and Taylor, from whose mucosity, the entire genealogy of the Olympian/Orphic heaven, is spawned. However, from the (...) moment Zeus murdered Metis as she was about to give birth to Athena their daughter, she has lapsed into the fissures of forgetfulness in philosophy, theology, mythology and early psychoanalysis. Indeed, in each field of inquiry, Athena is overwhelmingly deemed ‘unmothered’ and produced as Harrison tells us as a desperate ploy ‘from the brain of Zeus’ through his cunning intellect, for Athena to serve as his ‘mouthpiece’. This paper seeks to do more than simply restore Metis as mother to Athena. It explores the tragedy inherited by her violent removal, for mother/daughter relations, grievability and sustained disavowal of maternal divinity in dominant discourse. (shrink)

Cyberloafing, a new type of deviant workplace behavior, has become widespread across organizations. Although there has been an increasing amount of research on cyberloafing, it is unclear whether its influence on employee task performance is linearly positive or negative. To reconcile such an inconsistency, we developed and tested a model, grounded in the effort-recovery model, considering a potential curvilinear relationship between cyberloafing and task performance while also examining the mediating role of relaxation. We further reasoned that this indirect curvilinear effect (...) is contingent on employees’ time management skill. To test our theoretical model, we conducted two studies. In Study 1, multi-time data collected from 243 Master of Public Administration (MPA) students showed that cyberloafing had an inverted U-shaped (curvilinear) relationship with task performance, and relaxation mediated this relationship. In Study 2, using a sample of 392 public sector employees, we replicated the results of Study 1 and found that time management skill moderated the curvilinear effect of relaxation on task performance, as well as the indirect curvilinear effect of cyberloafing on task performance via relaxation. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are further discussed. (shrink)

Text emotion analysis is an effective way for analyzing the emotion of the subjects’ anomie behaviors. This paper proposes a text emotion analysis framework based on word embedding and splicing. Bi-direction Convolutional Word Embedding Classification Framework can express the word vector in the text and embed the part of speech tagging information as a feature of sentence representation. In addition, an emotional parallel learning mechanism is proposed, which uses the temporal information of the parallel structure calculated by Bi-LSTM to update (...) the storage information through the gating mechanism. The convolutional layer can better extract certain components of sentences, which play a more significant role in the expression of emotion. To take advantage of convolution, a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory network is designed to further improve the classification results. Experimental results show that compared with traditional LSTM model, the proposed text emotion analysis model has increased 3.3 and 10.9% F1 score on psychological and news text datasets, respectively. The proposed CBDM model based on Bi-LSTM and ConvLSTM has great value in practical applications of anomie behavior analysis. (shrink)

本书从历史演进的宏观方面着眼,探讨了中国封建社会的停滞性;儒家文化的实质;历史研究的方法论等问题。.

Commentary on Yon tan rin po cheʼi mdzod text of ʼJigs-med-gliṅ-pa Raṅ-byuṅ-rdo-rje, 1729 or 30-1798, dealing on Rdzogs-chen doctrine of Rñiṅ-ma-pa sect.

On Mādhyamaka philosophy of Svātantrika by the Shar-gsum mkhan-po (three abodes of East-India); namely: Jñānagarbha, active 9th century, Śāntarakṣita, 705-762, and Kamalaśīla, active 713-763.

Buddhist dialectic reasoning and debates for beginner.

A 2 × 2 experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of using diagrams to writing summaries for students given biological information to learn and who possessed different levels of expertise in that topic area. A main effect of learning strategy used on number of idea units encoded was found: drawing diagrams was superior to writing summaries. However, no interaction effect between learning strategies and expertise was found. An examination of students’ subjective ratings of cognitive load revealed that those with (...) low expertise reported higher levels of cognitive load when constructing diagrams. These findings suggest that using diagrams is effective for identifying and encoding important information when learning, but that it would be helpful to provide guidance about diagram use particularly to students who are novices in the topic area to reduce cognitive load. (shrink)

Research on cyberloafing has primarily focused on its consequences on cyberloafers themselves. We shift this focus away from the cyberloafers, focusing instead on the dual reactions that cyberloafing generates for observers. Drawing on relative deprivation theory, we hypothesize that witnessing colleagues’ daily cyberloafing induces daily relative deprivation among observers, which in turn reduces their daily work effort and increases their daily badmouthing. Additionally, colleagues’ relative performance attenuates the positive relationship between observed daily cyberloafing and daily relative deprivation, such that observers (...) experience less daily relative deprivation when their colleagues are relatively high performers. To test this, we conducted a daily survey of 128 employees over 10 workdays. The empirical results supported our theoretical model. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed. (shrink)

For some of Plato’s commentators some passages of the Republic and the Parmenides provide a clear guideline regarding the extension of the noetic “world”, namely, a criterion that allows us to know what kind of Platonic forms there are, and which there are not. There are forms only for a pair of opposite properties such as “big” and “small”; indeed, smallness itself is not what appears to the senses, since each sensible instance of smallness appears “mixed” with its opposite, bigness. (...) On the contrary, things that are perceived by the senses such as fingers, do not have an eidos. However, a more careful reading of the relevant passages, taking into account what Socrates says in 476a about the unity and multiplicity of the forms, will show us the incorrectness of this interpretation. (shrink)

Green innovation has been attracting much attention from academia and practice, but the influence of religion as an important informal institutional factor has not been fully investigated in existing studies. Taking Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as a sample, this study attempts to examine the relationship between religious atmosphere and corporate green innovation performance. The empirical results indicate that a religious atmosphere (Buddhism and Taoism as a whole) can significantly improve corporate green innovation performance, particularly high-quality green innovation. (...) The positive association between religion and green innovation performance is attenuated by pervasive formal institutions (i.e., environmental regulation), indicating that there is a substitutive effect between religion and formal institutions. We also find that Taoism mainly supports these results, while Buddhism has a limited impact, showing that there is a heterogeneous effect between different religions. We further find that the positive impact of religious atmosphere on green innovation performance is more pronounced in low-governance enterprises and low-polluting industries. This study contributes to research on the antecedents of corporate green innovation and the consequence of religion, which is of great significance to the value of religion in business practice. (shrink)

Commentary on Bon interpretation of Madhyamika philosophy; includes root-text Dbu ma bden gnyis kyi gzhung.