O presente artigo pretende discorrer acerca do papel da linguagem, enquanto fenômeno ontológico, na hermenêutica filosófica promovida por Hans-Georg Gadamer. A temática é proposta a partir da discussão sobre em que medida a linguagem encontra-se conectada com a tradição, o questionamento que movimenta a intenção da pesquisa é conduzido com a intenção de reconhecer a correspondência entre linguagem e tradição. Deste modo, visa-se apresentar no âmbito da experiência hermenêutica a ligação entre os conceitos de linguagem e tradição que resulta no (...) acontecer de uma verdade compreensiva. A partir da obra Verdade e Método (1960) a presente investigação abarca a concepção do autor no que tange o conceito da verdade como resultado do processo compreensivo e, o coloca em movimento ao não ser mais diretamente conectado ao âmbito científico. A verdade encontra-se, portanto, vinculada à linguagem, onde ganha novos horizontes. (shrink)

Establishing effective pharmaceutical governance is a challenge for government agencies, private enterprises, and professionals working on the ground, demanding complex ethical decisions from the actors involved, especially in a lower-middle-income country like Ghana. This letter aims to share the author’s perspectives and additional considerations on the analyses of the reports in the paper “It is very difficult in this business if you want to have a good conscience”: pharmaceutical governance and on-the-ground ethical labor in Ghana by Hampshire et al. The (...) letter's authors discuss the need to advance universal health coverage in Ghana, the everyday ethics, and the disparities between the collective and individual moral consciousness of the participants, as well as other aspects of governance in the pharmaceutical sector. (shrink)

Este ensaio possui o objetivo de problematizar os limites da interpretação a partir de três concepções de língua e suas repercussões nesse processo, cujo desembocar dá-se justamente nos meandros da produção de sentidos. Para explicar isso, é feito o rastreamento, não só das noções de língua, mas também de algumas teorias do discurso, que se voltam, por meio de seus instrumentais analíticos, para a compreensão dos objetos simbólicos circulantes no circuito social, como o texto, por exemplo. Além da crítica ao (...) esgarçamento da interpretação, verificou-se, mediante ao edifício argumentativo construído ao longo do ensaio, que fake news são fruto das interpretações, ancoradas na interatividade dinâmica da língua, abertas pela operacionalidade dos usos da noção contemporânea de discurso e seus efeitos adjacentes. (shrink)

Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most widely used tools to assess economic decision-making. However, the research tradition on aging and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been mainly focused on the overall performance of older adults in relation to younger or clinical groups, remaining unclear whether older adults are capable of learning along the task. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine older adults’ decision-making on the IGT, to test the effects of aging on reversal learning (45 studies) (...) and to provide normative data on total and block net scores (55 studies). From the accumulated empirical evidence, we found an average total net score of 7.55 (± 25.9). We also observed a significant reversal learning effect along the blocks of the IGT, indicating that older adults inhibit the prepotent response towards immediately attractive options associated with high losses, in favor of initially less attractive options associated with long-run profit. During block 1, decisions of older adults led to a negative gambling net score, reflecting the expected initial pattern of risk-taking. However, the shift towards more safe options occurred between block 2 (small-to-medium effect size) and blocks 3, 4, 5 (medium-to-large effect size). These main findings highlight that older adults are able to move from the initial uncertainty, when the possible outcomes are unknown, to decisions based on risk, when the outcomes are learned and may be used to guide future adaptive decision-making. (shrink)

Efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of social-ecological systems, an important focus in ethnobiological studies. In particular, ethnobiological investigations have found evidence and tested hypotheses over the last 30 years on the interactions between human groups and their environments, generating the need to formulate a theory for such systems. In this article, we propose the social-ecological theory of maximization to explain the construction and functioning of these systems over time, encompassing hypotheses and evidence from previous ethnobiological studies. In proposing (...) the theory, we present definitions and two conceptual models, an environmental maximization model and a redundancy generation model. The first model seeks to address biota selection and its use by human populations. The second emphasizes how the system organizes itself from the elements that were incorporated into it. Furthermore, we provide the theoretical scenario of plant selection and use from an evolutionary perspective, which explicitly integrates the phylogenetic relationships of plants and human beings. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste artigo, apresentamos uma reflexão e um diálogo entre a fenomenologia e o construtivismo como uma possibilidade de análise em pesquisas qualitativas. Iniciamos a discussão pela fenomenologia husserliana e, depois, nos aprofundamos nas ideias da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schutz. Por fim, adentramos o construtivismo piagetiano, com uma discussão sobre os conceitos básicos da Epistemologia Genética. Estabelecemos um diálogo entre a fenomenologia e o construtivismo, principalmente sobre o desenvolvimento da consciência e das relações sociais. Com isso, inferimos que existe (...) a consciência intersubjetiva e a consciência subjetiva, que se desenvolvem por meio da percepção sensorial, intuição e lógica operante, sendo estas etapas subsequentes. Com base nessa visão e em elementos de Bicudo (2011) e Sokolowski (2012), propusemos uma forma de reflexão que possui quatro procedimentos: recordação, reprodução, reconstrução e refinamento. O resultado desse processo é a essência do fenômeno, que será sustentada por fundamentos fenomenológicos e construtivistas. A fundamentação dessa reflexão social-fenomenológico-construtivista é, por si só, uma reflexão social-fenomenológico-construtivista, ou seja, uma metarreflexão. Palavras-chave: Reflexão; Fenomenologia; Construtivismo; Relações Sociais. Phenomenology and constructivism: possibilities for a theoretical-methodological proposal Abstract: In this article, we present a reflection and a dialog between phenomenology and constructivism as a possibility for analysis in qualitative research. We began the discussion with husserlian phenomenology and then delved into the ideas of Alfred Schutz's social phenomenology. Finally, we delve into piagetian constructivism, with a discussion of the basic concepts of Genetic Epistemology. We establish a dialog between phenomenology and constructivism, mainly on the development of consciousness and social relations. With this, we infer that there is intersubjective consciousness and subjective consciousness, which develop through sensory perception, intuition and operant logic, these being subsequent stages. Based on this vision and elements from Bicudo (2011) and Sokolowski (2012), we proposed a form of reflection that has four procedures: recollection, reproduction, reconstruction and refinement. The result of this process is the essence of the phenomenon, which will be supported by phenomenological and constructivist foundations. The foundation of this social-phenomenological-constructivist reflection is, in itself, a social-phenomenological-constructivist reflection, in other words, a meta-reflection. Keywords: Reflection; Phenomenology; Constructivism; Social Relations. Fenomenología y constructivismo: posibilidades para una propuesta teórico-metodológica Resumen: En este artículo, presentamos una reflexión y diálogo entre la fenomenología y el constructivismo como posibilidad de análisis en la investigación cualitativa. Comenzamos el debate con la fenomenología husserliana y, luego, profundizamos en las ideas de la fenomenología social de Alfred Schutz. Por último, pasamos al constructivismo piagetiano, con una discusión de los conceptos básicos de la Epistemología Genética. Establecimos un diálogo entre la fenomenología y el constructivismo, principalmente sobre el desarrollo de la conciencia y las relaciones sociales. Con esto, inferimos que hay conciencia intersubjetiva y conciencia subjetiva, que se desarrollan a través de la percepción sensorial, la intuición y la lógica operante, siendo éstas etapas posteriores. A partir de esta visión y elementos de Bicudo (2011) y Sokolowski (2012), propusimos una forma de reflexión que tiene cuatro procedimientos: recuerdo, reproducción, reconstrucción y refinamiento. El resultado de este proceso es la esencia del fenómeno, que se apoyará en fundamentos fenomenológicos y constructivistas. El fundamento de esta reflexión socio-fenomenológico-constructivista es, en sí misma, una reflexión socio-fenomenológico-constructivista, es decir, una meta-reflexión. Palabras clave: Reflexión; Fenomenología; Constructivismo; Relaciones Sociales. Data de registro: 04/02/2024 Data de aceite: 18/12/2024. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que enfocou a avaliação de desempenho (AD) como um instrumento de poder utilizado na gestão de pessoas. Realizou-se um estudo de caso que utilizou entrevistas individuais com 14 participantes, sendo 4 diretores e gerentes e 10 trabalhadores da área administrativa e operacional. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise gráfica do discurso de Lane (1985). A análise dos dados indicou que os participantes (diretoria) percebiam as políticas de gestão de pessoas permeadas pela (...) ideologia dominante como uma forma de garantir a competitividade da empresa no mercado. Já os trabalhadores a percebiam como a possibilidade para o desenvolvimento profissional e a promoção. Os dados sugerem que os resultados da AD eram utilizados na gestão de pessoas apenas quando sustentavam/confirmavam as práticas e decisões da diretoria relacionadas às políticas de pessoal. Assim, a AD pode ser considerada um instrumento de poder na gestão de pessoas, porém tendo seu uso limitado a fatores externos à técnica quando subsidia as ações dos diretores. (shrink)

Objetiva identificar e analisar as categorias teórico-metodológicas em que se situam os estudos sobre Análise de Domínio publicados na Base Lisa )Library and Information Science Abstracts) tendo em vista o desenvolvimento do assunto. Justifica-se pela relevância da incorporação de contribuições interdisciplinares a partir de marcos epistemológicos bem delimitados em vista da polissemia e idiossincrasia dos termo “análise” e “domínio. A busca recuperou 80 artigos, dos quais 50 demonstraram aderência ao estudo. Concluiu-se que embora a análise do domínio seja uma proposta (...) característica do paradigma social da Ciência da Informação, sua aplicação preserva perfis mais tradicionais. (shrink)

As a compact representation of joint probability distributions over a dependence graph of random variables, and a tool for modelling and reasoning in the presence of uncertainty, Bayesian networks are of great importance for artificial intelligence to combine domain knowledge, capture causal relationships, or learn from incomplete datasets. Known as a NP-hard problem in a classical setting, Bayesian inference pops up as a class of algorithms worth to explore in a quantum framework. This paper explores such a research direction and (...) improves on previous proposals by a judicious use of the utility function in an entangled configuration. It proposes a completely quantum mechanical decision-making process with a proven computational advantage. A prototype implementation in Qiskit (a Python-based program development kit for the IBM Q machine) is discussed as a proof-of-concept. (shrink)

Objective: To explore the strategies that can help individuals mourning a family member’s death from Covid-19 to cope with the loss. Method: We carried out a narrative review on the PubCovid-19 platform using the descriptors “death,” “mourning,” “Covid-19,” and “coping strategies.” Ten articles were included. Results: The strategies found are phone calls, audio recording, letters, and photos, classified as immediate and long-term. These strategies are focused on mental health, which can be adversely affected by depression and psychological disorders. Conclusions: Creating (...) counseling programs for the relatives of those who died from Covid-19 is urgent. They must offer comprehensive, humanized, and continuous mental health care. (shrink)

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants have been shown to change responses to unfairness; however, the effects of their combined use on unfairness evaluation are unknown. This study examines the effects of concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use on the evaluation of fair and unfair offers. To analyze behavioral changes on responses to unfairness, we compared the performance of medicated participants and healthy controls in the Ultimatum Game, both in the proposer and in the respondent role. The results showed that long-term psychotropic users (...) had the worse economic strategy by accepting less offers than control subjects. However, in the proposer role, the unfair offers made by participants were similar between groups. The present results suggest that long-term use of psychotropic medication, specifically the combination of benzodiazepines and antidepressants, may increase the sensitivity to unfairness, resulting in higher rejection rates in conditions where this strategy is the most disadvantageous. (shrink)

The contribution of Jesuits to the different fields of knowledge, including philosophy, is historically well known. In fact, since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in the 16th century, Jesuits from different generations and cultures have taken part in the philosophical debates of their time and their different contexts. Since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in 1540, the Jesuits, individually and as a body, have engaged in a fruitful dialogue between the Christian tradition and different dimensions of (...) human culture. During almost five centuries, numerous Jesuits taught philosophy in academic institutions all over the world. Some of them have their names recorded in the history of philosophy. Of course, the majority of them is not anymore remembered, despite their valuable contribution to the development of the Jesuit intellectual tradition up to our times. In fact, as an heir of the Roman College, the first academic institution founded by the Society of Jesus, in 1551, the Pontifical Gregorian University, in Rome, is a witness to this tradition, which has been kept alive thanks to the discrete work of both Jesuits and lay intellectuals. Known as the University of the Nations, this institution corroborates not only the capacity of the Jesuit tradition to put faith in dialogue with reason, but also the option to take the concrete reality of each human culture and its historical context as its point of departure. The Jesuits’ willingness to engage in dialogue with different intellectual perspectives is underpinned by one of the most defining traits of the Jesuit charism, namely, the conviction that God can be found and served in all things. Accordingly, Jesuits have adopted, from the beginning, an amenable stance towards the world with its different cultures and intellectual trends. As such, Jesuits have, since the beginning, inhabited the frontiers of human thought. According to the contemporary philosopher Paul Gilbert, SJ, within the institutions under the leadership of the Society of Jesus, it was always possible to maintain an equilibrium between two principles: “intellectual unity” and “openness to the world.” Without detriment to the Jesuit identity, the companions of Ignatius have been willing to dwell in the various dimensions of human reality, in their multiplicity and plurality. Either in the renewal of Aristotle’s and Aquinas’ metaphysics, or in the dialogue with modern philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, or Hegel, and even in the inculturation in non-European contexts, the Jesuits have been able to preserve the Christian tradition through an original development of human culture in all its richness and diversity. With respect to the last century, it has to be acknowledged that a significant number of Jesuits made significant contributions, with recognized competence, to philosophy. Certainly, the 20th century was particularly complex in many respects. It would be enough to recall that this period, which brought with it unprecedented social, scientific, and technological developments, was also the stage for the two World Wars. With the emergence or consolidation of philosophical currents such as Marxism, Phenomenology, Existentialism, Structuralism, and Post-Modernism, the past century was, without any doubt, fascinating from the intellectual point of view. Jesuits such as Karl Rahner, Frederick Copleston, Bernard Lonergan, William Norris Clarke, John F. Kavanaugh, Teilhard de Chardin, Gaston Fessard, Jean Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, Michel de Certeau, Xavier Tilliette, Paul Valadier, Paweł Siwek, Ignacio Ellacuría, Francisco Taborda, Henrique de Lima Vaz and, in the Portuguese context, Diamantino Martins or Júlio Fragata, among many others, were able to engage different philosophical currents, problems and controversies of their times. Faithful to their long tradition of being present in the frontiers of thought, those Jesuits have engaged in a fruitful dialogue with these intellectual trends, offering relevant contributions to different ongoing debates. Within this context, the present volume recalls and discusses the philosophical contribution of some of the most prominent Jesuit protagonists of the intellectual interchange that took place in the 20th century. This volume also intends to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, which happens just before the inauguration of the Ignatian Year. Decreed by Father Arturo Sosa, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, this celebratory Year will start on May 20, 2021, precisely 500 years after Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit Order, was wounded at the battle of Pamplona. We are happy that this volume could bring together outstanding specialists in the thought of some of the most prominent Jesuits philosophers of the last century, namely Paul Valadier, Paul Gilbert, Józef Bremer, Jacek Poznański, Alexander Maar, Patrick H. Byrne, M. Ross Romero, Carlos Alvarez, Hélio Pereira Lima, José Gama, Domingos Terra, Gabriel Flynn, Marie-Gabrielle Lemaire, José Sols Lucia, Lorena Zuchel Lovera, Pedro Pablo Achondo Moya, Enzo Solari, Massimo Borghesi, Mendo Castro Henriques, João Barbosa, and Dominique Lambert. In addition, in the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Júlio Fragata’s birth, Maria Teresa Fragata presents a memory of his life and thought. We hope that this volume may be useful to all those interested in the Jesuit philosophical tradition. Hopefully, it will stimulate scholars to pursue a fruitful and creative dialogue with contemporary philosophy, in the footsteps of the Jesuit philosophers featured here. We would like to thank all the authors and all those who, in different ways, made this volume possible. (shrink)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar e desenvolver as críticas feministas à Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls, especialmente por meio do diálogo e das contribuições de Martha Nussbaum e Susan Okin para um liberalismo feminista. Para tanto, discutimos três pontos centrais no debate entre essas duas filósofas feministas e Rawls: a) a noção de família como uma instituição básica da sociedade; b) a distinção entre doutrinas morais abrangentes razoáveis e não razoáveis; e c) a concepção de pessoa (...) política com autonomia plena. As críticas à teoria rawlsiana feitas por feministas demonstram a riqueza e a profundidade de Rawls para o liberalismo contemporâneo, ao mesmo tempo em que apontam para os problemas que teorias que tradicionalmente não desenvolvem um olhar crítico para a situação generificada dos sistemas democráticos encontram ao abordar a situação da cidadania das mulheres. As demandas do feminismo liberal, relacionadas à situação de mulheres ao redor do mundo, são muito bem-articuladas por Nussbaum a partir de sua crítica interna ao liberalismo rawlsiano, enfatizando que algumas das disposições teóricas desse autor não parecem ser radicais o suficiente para garantir a disponibilidade integral dessas capacidades para mulheres e crianças. Da mesma forma, o diálogo de Nussbaum com as críticas de Okin aprofundaram o debate sobre os limites da teoria da justiça rawlsiana. (shrink)

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Pioneering work in interdisciplinary animal studies, much of it under the rubric of ecofeminism, dates back to the 1970s. Yet animal studies remained an idiosyncratic backwater until its twenty-first-century reinvention as a high-profile area of humanities research. This essay ties the soaring cachet of the new animal studies to a revamped origin story—one beginning in 2002 and claiming Derrida as founding father. In readings of Derrida and leading animal studies theorist Cary Wolfe, I examine the gender politics of animal studies (...) today, especially that affiliated with Wolfe’s formulation of posthumanism. In addition to slighting important ecofeminist precedents, this approach to animal studies is remarkably anxious to distance itself both from emotional attachments to animals and from scholars working on gender, sexuality, and race. I attribute this anxiety in part to the gendered opposition, longstanding in academia, between scholarship frankly motivated by feeling and scholarship whose prestige depends on claims to “masculine” objectivity and theoretical rigor. To counter this logic, I turn to animal studies foremothers Carol Adams and Donna Haraway; despite disagreements on several key issues, Adams and Haraway share a readiness to own their debt to feminist thinking and to see their theoretical work as inseparable from emotional and political commitments to animals. (shrink)

We introduce Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, an algebraic structure consisting of neutrosophic numbers equipped with two binary operations namely addition and multiplication. The addition can be calculated sometimes with the function min and other times with the max function. The multiplication operation is the usual sum between numbers. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is an extension of both Tropical Algebra (also known as Min-Plus, or Min-Algebra) and Max-Plus Algebra (also known as Max-algebra). Tropical and Max-Plus algebras are algebraic structures included in (...) semirings and their operations can be used in matrices and vectors. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is included in Neutrosophic semirings and can be used in Neutrosophic matrices and vectors. (shrink)

O presente artigo analisa o crescimento das instituições escolares salesianas no Antigo Sul de Mato Grosso no final do século XIX e início do XX e o ideal de um processo civilizador educacional, empreendido pela Igreja Católica, protagonizado pela congregação salesiana a qual atuou para assegurar prerrogativa educacionais ao passo que o Estado brasileiro laicizava-se. Essa análise terá como suporte bibliográfico a obra de Riolando Azzi (1982) que em sua obra Os salesianos no Brasil à luz da História, destaca o (...) papel exercido pelo Manual Civilizador dos salesianos. Como aporte teórico, destacamos a obra de Norbert Elias (1994), O processo civilizador. (shrink)

Despite some important observations and after decades of widespread consensus around the big bang cosmology, Fred Hoyle, one of the proponents of the steady-state cosmology, continued to fight the big bang idea throughout his life. We can try to understand this persistent attitude of Hoyle through a Holtonian thematic approach, by admitting that personal preferences and choices of scientists are conditioned by themata. Thematic analysis shows that big bang cosmology is mainly based on a set of themata consisting of evolution, (...) finitude, life cycle (which has a beginning), and change; the steady-state cosmology is based on opposite themata: steady-state, infinity, continuous existence, and constancy. Personal preferences seem to have been important in the strong and passionate dispute between big bang and steady-state ideas, and Hoyle is a very illustrative example of a personal commitment remarkably long-lived to some themata, in this case to the opposite themata of the big bang cosmology. In his personal and persistent struggle against the big bang idea, Hoyle always refused the way how some experimental observations were considered decisive in favor of this cosmology. This is a typical thematic attitude: letting some personal thematic preferences influence the acceptance or rejection of scientific evidence. In this case, that corresponds to the existence of selection effects and biases regarding important cosmological observations, in order to sustain a persistent rejection of the big bang idea. (shrink)

Quadruple Helix Collaborations (QHCs) is a cooperation model in which industry, government, academia, and the public interact to innovate. This paper analyses the impact of a training intervention to provide specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes to deal with barriers commonly found in the progress of QHCs. We designed, implemented, and evaluated three training programs in Austrian, Colombian, Danish, and Spanish institutions. We analysed trainees’ (n = 66) and trainers’ (n = 9) perceptions to identify the competencies acquired with the intervention (...) and the approach’s limitations. We used online questionnaires (35 trainees; 9 trainers), semi-structured interviews (10 trainees), and a focus group (6 trainers). Trainees answered positively regarding their self-perception about the impact of the course and highlighted the acquisition of inspiration for their practice (score 4.1 out of 5.0) and knowledge (3.7). In contrast, they perceived that a deeper interaction with other participants (2.7) was challenging. After the courses, 74% of respondents indicated that they know more about how QHCs work in practice, and 86% about collaboration or engagement methods. Moreover, participants plan to be more sensitive towards setting common goals (71%) and power imbalances (63%). Trainers’ perceptions align with those expressed by participants, except that they considered that the interaction amongst participants during the course was higher. Qualitative analysis of interviews with participants and the focus group with trainers provides more detail about the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention. Our study shows that the collaborative design and implementation of training impact the participant’s learning competencies, with potential implications in their medium- to long-term practice. (shrink)

When and why do we need the indexical ‘I’? Perry (1979) thinks that ‘I’ is an essential ingredient to the explanation and prediction of action. We need ‘I’ to classify the kind of belief that causes an agent to produce a new action. In his view, classifying the agent’s belief in terms of ‘I’ makes sense because, when asked to explain her behavior, the agent will be disposed to say ‘I’. Here, we argue that this dispositional assumption is problematic. The (...) disposition to act according to an essential indexical and the disposition to make a speech act that contains ‘I’ are two very different things that are not always related. The most common circumstances in which we need to say ‘I’ to explain ourselves involve other agents: when we coordinate in joint actions or when we engage in self-talk to save face before the eyes of potential witnesses. Finally, we revisit Perry’s famous messy shopper anecdote to offer a better story about why its main character is disposed to say ‘I’. (shrink)

the present article intends to outline feuerbach's humanism in his the essence of christianity in dialogue with the nietzschean notion of the death of god. for it is with the death of god and the fall of all idols that it is possible to glimpse god, not as the absolute transcendent, but as a human creation, all too human. a projection of the self into a safe and magnanimous outside, anchorage of all human desires, from magical and miraculous powers to (...) the rapture of body and soul in a sanctifying and eternal peace. as god, man works the miracle of existing in the comforting fantasy of a supreme being, nothing more than himself. (shrink)

O presente artigo seguirá pelos conceitos da esquizoanálise, tais como, literatura menor e multiplicidade, para ler os enredos de samba reivindicando o estatuto de arte literária para o mesmo. Deste modo, os sambas de enredo, constituem não uma totalidade, mas uma multiplicidade, no sentido de que diversos agenciamentos ocorrem para o advento daquele poema música. Por isso, destacamos os carnavais da G.R.E.S. Unidos do Viradouro de 2020 e de 2023, Viradouro de Alma Lavada e Rosa Maria Egipcíaca, respectivamente, não para (...) analisar o conteúdo de suas estrofes, mas buscar o que está por trás de sua produção. Analisaremos, portanto, trechos da tese de doutorado de Harue Sorrentino Articulações Pedagógicas no Coro das Ganhadeiras de Itapuã: um estudo de caso etnográfico, além do disco gravado As Ganhadeiras de Itapuã, objeto que, primeiramente, chegou às mãos do artista; e do livro de Luiz Mott, Rosa Egipcíaca: Uma Santa Africana no Brasil, partes da pesquisa dos carnavalescos: em 2020 Tarcísio Zanon e Marcus Vinícius e em 2023 Tarcísio Zanon. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a filosofia da experiência de John Dewey, enfatizando suas concepções sobre experiência, experiência educativa e propósito. Além disso, apresentar e discutir como os projetos de programação desenvolvidos por crianças no Scratch podem ser entendidos como um propósito no contexto de sua filosofia, o que nos levou a relacionar o conceito de propósito construído por Dewey à ideia de projeto pessoal desenvolvida por Papert, no âmbito do construcionismo. Tal relação se torna importante para (...) ampliar as investigações que tratam problemáticas relacionadas ao ensino de programação na educação básica. A fim de exemplificar as possíveis relações, apresentamos um projeto de programação desenvolvido por um aluno do quinto ano do ensino fundamental, reconhecendo nele os pressupostos teóricos da teoria de Dewey discutidos no texto, relacionando-os às ideias de Papert. (shrink)

This article seeks to carry out a bibliographic review of the text “Proust and the understanding of pain”, by Franklin Leopoldo e Silva, originally published in Revista Discurso, 03 (1972). In the text in question, the main themes of the Proustian novel appear, such as time, voluntary and involuntary memory and oblivion, in the light of a core theme from the narrative point of view: pain. It seeks to answer the question: “Is finding time again the same as recovering it?”, (...) under the interpretation of time that passes and in the face of the passage of time, and to clarify the relationships between temporality and the role of art. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca aproximar Adorno de Nietzsche, não como a exaltar ressentimentos e picuinhas, mas como a dialogar aspectos da crítica de ambos a uma cultura igualitária formadora de uma humanidade decaída e violenta, além de dócil e pouco crítica. Como leitor de Nietzsche, Adorno acertou ao indicar os processos de nivelamento social promovidas pelas sociedades econômicas contemporâneas. Assim como sua racionalização instrumental que culminou na barbárie(1939-1945). Exporemos uma crítica que busque diminuir os esteriótipos dos autores aproximando mais, o (...) social, de Nietzsche, e o sujeito individual, de Adorno. No fim, tentaremos demonstrar como o conceito de solidariedade em Adorno não resolve melhor a questão ética, que a avaliação como valor para a construção de valores, sendo a proposição imoralista de Nietzsche, muito mais um recurso provocativo, que uma assertiva de caráter fundamental. (shrink)

Review & Reply. Review of Gonçalves, R.T. (tr.) Lucrécio. Sobre a Natureza das Coisas(2021).

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla que analisa os processos sociais e culturais envolvidos na condição da monoparentalidade feminina, enfatizando jornadas exaustivas e responsabilização pela economia dos cuidados e reprodução social da vida. Objetiva-se analisar como as estruturas opressoras patriarcais afetam e refletem nas vivências de mulheres que exercem a maternidade solo. A investigação se deu a partir da seguinte questão: Como a sobrecarga e os estereótipos promovidos pelo patriarcado colonialista, por meio da divisão sexual do trabalho, (...) atingem as mães solo? Ancora-se na abordagem da história oral e autoetnográfica, na pesquisa social-qualitativa bibliográfica e no estudo de campo, sob a perspectiva espistemológica feminista interseccional e decolonial. Constata-se que os empecilhos promovidos por tais estruturas opressoras impedem ou adiam processos emancipatórios e alocam famílias monoparentais femininas em lugares de vulnerabilidade financeira, afetiva e social. Entretanto, apesar destes obstáculos, as mães solo do recorte pesquisado, resistem e lutam pela emancipação financeira, social e emocional. (shrink)

O artigo visa identificar traços da fenomenologia de Max Scheler na obra de Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz. Pretende-se aprofundar a compreensão do pensamento deste filósofo brasileiro ainda pouco estudado através da aproximação de outras fontes filosóficas implícitas em sua sua escritura ética. No primeiro passo, trata-se de investigar a influência do personalismo moral de Scheler sobre a questão ética em Lima Vaz. No segundo passo, intenciona-se propugnar o ineditismo da Ética filosófica em relação ao pensamento scheleriano graças ao sistema (...) ético-filosófico do autor que faz com que seu pensamento possa ser situado numa esfera mais elaborada do saber filosófico. (shrink)

Neste artigo, discutimos a trajetória política e intelectual de Monique Wittig. O objetivo é compreender as proposições dessa importante autora e ativista lésbica em seu contexto de produção. A partir do campo da história intelectual, discorremos sobre suas redes de sociabilidade e filiações teórico-políticas. Além de abordar suas elaborações sofisticadas sobre a noção de “lésbica”, a heterossexualidade como regime político e o conceito de pensamento straight, criticamos a ausência de uma perspectiva interseccional na obra de Wittig. Entendemos que trabalhos como (...) o nosso, que valorizam as memórias lésbicas, contribuem para o campo das lesbianidades, tanto na teoria como na prática.Palavras-chave: Monique Wittig. Pensamento straight. Teoria lésbica. História intelectual. AbstractIn this article we discuss Monique Wittig's political and intellectual trajectory. The objective is to understand the propositions of this important author and lesbian activist in her context of production. Based on the field of intellectual history, we analyze her networks of sociability and theoretical-political affiliations. We address her sophisticated elaborations on the notion of “lesbian”, heterosexuality as a political regime and the concept of the straight mind. Additionally, we criticize the absence of an intersectional perspective in Wittig’s work. We understand that works like ours, which value lesbian memories, contribute to the field of lesbianities, both in theory and in practice.Keywords: Monique Wittig. Straight mind. Lesbian theory. Intellectual history. (shrink)

El artículo propone un diálogo Sur-Sur acerca de los desafíos que plantea el campo político en la actualidad. Además de las coordinadoras Joice Barbosa y Moira Pérez, participan Silvina Tapia Tapia de Ecuador, Abdourahmane Seck de Senegal y Verónica Figueroa Huencho de Wellmapu, quienes se desempeñan tanto en el ámbito académico como en el campo social mediante el activismo político y/o comunitario, desde el cual producen conocimientos colectivos de carácter situado. A lo largo de la conversación se analizan temas (...) tales como la expresión de formas contemporáneas de neoconservadurismo y autoritarismo, las disputas de los movimientos sociales con la institucionalidad, sus tensiones con un Estado que tiende a la cooptación pero también mantiene profundas lealtades capitalistas y coloniales, y las posibilidades y experiencias de formas alternativas de organización colectiva y comunitaria. Además, se explora cuál es y cuál puede ser en este escenario el rol de la academia y de quienes trabajan en ella, en la tensión entre los compromisos institucionales y la política radical. (shrink)

Schizophrenia is usually described as a fragmentation of subjective experience and the impossibility to engage in meaningful cultural and intersubjective practices. Although the term schizophrenia is less than 100 years old, madness is generally believed to have accompanied mankind through its historical and cultural ontogeny. What does it mean to be “mad”? The failure to adopt social practices or to internalize cultural values of common sense? Despite the vast amount of literature and research, it seems that the study of schizophrenia (...) and of the psychoses is suffering from a generic disintegration. In this introduction, we offer an historical overview of the variety of theories and approaches to schizophrenia. We also provide an overview of how the authors in this volume attempt an integrative account where training, practice, theory and research are considered as parts of a larger whole. This is a varied and pluralistic volume, and it is up to the readers to make use of different chapters according to their own needs. (shrink)

This article focuses on the Omega Point, an essential concept in Teilhard de Chardin’s evolutionary metaphysics. In certain passages about the Omega Point, Teilhard mentions the primeval atom hypothesis, a theory about the beginning of the universe proposed by Georges Lemaître, another contemporary Jesuit priest who was also a scientist. Although Teilhard and Lemaître are essentially evolutionists, besides being Jesuit priests, their evolutionary metaphysics and their philosophies of science are radically divergent, and two important differences are presented here – about (...) the eventual cosmic determinism and about the relationship between scientific knowledge and religious beliefs. This article also shows how Teilhard’s original concept was projected into two cosmological theories in which it reveals an essential transfiguration by losing its initial anthropic and religious matrix – the cosmological anthropic principle, proposed by physicists John Barrow and Frank Tipler, and the Omega Point Theory proposed later by Frank Tipler. (shrink)

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has sparked discussions among health professionals about the role of food and nutrition in the infectious condition caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different population groups. Malnutrition, including obesity, may reflect more severe outcomes in the physiopathology of infection and systemic responses caused by COVID-19. The present work aims to make considerations directed to the nutritionist about the susceptibility of COVID-19 in individuals submitted to malnutrition, highlighting possible outcomes of the disease and the (...) importance of nutritional care in maintaining the health of these patients. Therefore, maintaining a good nutritional status of these patients, combined with an adequate level of micronutrients will not guarantee protection against infection caused by COVID-19, however, it is essential to minimize the risks of worsening this disease. (shrink)

The overcoming of man in the beyond of man is glimpsed in Dostoevsky and Nietzsche, from Memoirs of the Underground and its philosophical translation Genealogia da Moral, to The Idiot and the considerations of The Antichrist. The child reverberates a trait of overcoming resentment, incorporating, philosophically literarily, a deal with life intensified with lightness and vigor, completely ready, without pretensions beyond the world or professions of faith. The beatitude of Jesus takes shape when his childishness as surrender to the present (...) embodies his redemption as attachment and love to men. Love as a practice of forgiveness is only possible when resentment is no longer the most active mark of life. (shrink)

The term Verstehen, during the 19th and 20th centuries, was widely used in philosophical currents such as hermeneutics, history and phenomenology. Even today, its conceptualization is discussed and applied in the scientific context of areas such as psychology, philosophy, law and others. This fact highlights its relevance and points to the need for continued investigation. Thus, the objective of the present work is to discuss the implications of Verstehen in the work Ideas on a descriptive and analytical psychology, 1894, by (...) Wilhelm Dilthey regarding the relationship between Psychology and Theory of Knowledge. It is known that the author is at the basis of the thinking of the social sciences that developed in the 20th century and that this concept was present throughout his theoretical construct. However, it is in the undertaking of his descriptive psychology that a clearer elucidation of the epistemological and methodological intentions that the concept was responsible for in Dilthey's general work begins. In this way, for proper understanding, we intend to present the questions that the philosopher was asking; elucidate the development of the concept in the author's general work; and discuss the implications of the term in relation to the objective of the sciences of the spirit and in defense of its current relevance in the social and scientific scenario. (shrink)

A violência contra a mulher é considerada mundialmente como um problema de saúde pública e a América Latina tem sido apontada como a região de maior incidência deste tipo de violação. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou investigar a produção científica latino-americana sobre serviços de atendimento à mulher vítima de violência que incluam psicólogos em suas equipes. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, e Portal Capes, com os descritores “violência contra a mulher”, “violência doméstica contra a mulher”, “psicologia”, “psicología”, (...) “violencia contra las mujeres”, “violencia doméstica contra la mujer”. Considerou-se apenas artigos publicados na América Latina, nos idiomas português e espanhol, durante os últimos 5 anos. No total, 10 estudos foram analisados na íntegra. Esta revisão permitiu constatar que ainda há lacunas na rede de atendimento, que dizem respeito não apenas à atuação do psicólogo, mas também às diferentes áreas que compõem as redes de acolhimento à mulher. (shrink)

This article is an exploratory study that intends to present semantic interoperability initiatives in the area of information science and computer science. It discusses these initiatives, focusing on open science and eScience, aiming at pointing out similarities and differences in the methodologies used for an intelligent retrieval of data in heterogeneous environments that do not benefit a universal language. We will illustrate seminal initiatives regarding the compatibility of languages in information science and the alignment and semantic mapping in the area (...) of computer science, emphasizing what they have in common and their differences, showing that those seminal initiatives are still relevant nowadays. In this perspective, we want to bring up discussions about methodologies that supports a kind of “intermediate language” that allows the compatibility of research resources, semantically interconnecting their contents without forcing the use of a single language, but of a switching language, such as a metalanguage that guarantees to keep the differences of each community of speech. (shrink)

This work has its origin in a master's research about Brazilian Education. The approach that we present in this text reveals the perspectives of caring perceived in a five-year-olds classroom in the daily life in a municipal center for Early Childhood Education in Fortaleza. The theoretical discussions on the theme involved a dialogue between Pedagogy and Philosophy of Education based on the contributions of Kramer, Pagni, Foucault, Rancière, Kohan and Boff. It was a qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration, which method (...) of data creation was participant observation. The analysis revealed that: in the interactions occurred in pedagogical practices, teachers and children take care of each other; the meaning of caring for children can be perceived in the minutia of their daily actions, as well as in affective involvement, in playing together, in speaking and listening to others, in sharing life on a daily basis; as for the meaning of caring for the adults, it is influenced by the way they were cared for, by their subjectivation and their choices in their way of being; caring humanizes teaching practices, inspiring emancipation; the policy on results that has aimed at "improving educational indices" may represent a danger to Early Childhood Education by minimizing the sharing of specific childhood experiences to training in order to achieve expected results. The study emphasized the need to reflect on the meaning of education and therefore proposes that caring be valued as an ethical decision and as an option for reflection on the way of living and interacting. (shrink)

O presente artigo buscará investigar como é possível uma espiritualidade sem Deus em Ferry e Sponville. Passando pelos humanismos renascentistas e iluministas, até a fase da desconstrução com Nietzsche, chegaremos numa terra devastada, sem quaisquer ídolos a se prostrar de joelhos. Em meio aos escombros da terra devastada ainda haveria um algo a se agarrar como profusão de uma experiência com o sagrado: o amor. Não mais um amor abstrato, mas um amor prático, do cotidiano, amor ao próximo, amor aos (...) familiares. (shrink)

Trata-se de abordar a concepção dworkiniana de dignidade humana a partir de sua obra Domínio da Vida. O intuito deste texto é delimitar conceitualmente sua concepção de dignidade humana para, posteriormente, analisar a importância dessa concepção para a solução de problemas de ordem prática, tais como o aborto e a eutanásia.

Este artigo busca analisar de que maneira o artista, em meados dos anos 1960, que utiliza a efemeridade em seus processos artísticos sofre de melancolia. O intuito é complexificar a postura desse artista de vanguarda e ainda analisar sua ação de registro da perda da obra, através da interpretação alegórica benjaminiana dessas imagens.

Ao mostrar que não existe ética independente dos interesses fundamentalmente econômicos dos homens, Marx admite que numa sociedade dividida em classes não existe uma ética acima dessas classes. Isso nos leva a inferir que em uma sociedade de classes antagônicas não existe uma noção de felicidade que sirva igualmente para todas essas classes. O que existe é um conceito de felicidade em forma de ideologia que expressa interesses da classe dominante. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o conceito de (...) felicidade, dominante na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, à luz da obra de Karl Marx. Esperamos contribuir, dessa forma, para a constituição de uma noção de felicidade pautad em uma leitura crítica do pensamento de Marx, mesmo que não encontremos em seus escritos, referências explícitas a essa noção. (shrink)

Nakata (Theory Decis 71:559–574, 2011) presents a model of acquisition of information where the agent does not know what pieces of information she is missing. In this note, we point out some technical problems in a few of Nakata’s results and show how to correct them.