In their account of the origins of human collaborative abilities, Tomasello et al. rely heavily on reasoning and evidence from adult–child collaborations. Peer collaborations are not discussed, but early peer collaborations differ from early adult–child collaborations. Describing and explaining the similarities and differences in shared intentionality with peers and adults will bring us closer to understanding the developmental mechanisms.

This book seeks to arrive at a better understanding of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of time. It discusses the existence of fluent time, a controversial concept in many areas, from philosophy to physics. Fluent time is understood as directional time with a past, a present and a future. We experience fluent time in our lives and we adopt a temporal perspective in our ways of knowing and acting. Nevertheless, the existence of fluent time has been debated (...) for both philosophical and scientific reasons, thus creating a rift between the subjective and objective aspects of time. Starting from the basic notion of points of view, or perspectives, this book explores the relationships between objective or external time, as it has been conceptualized by science, and subjective or internal time, which is involved in our lived experiences. It establishes a general framework encompassing the nature, structure and mode of existence of points of view, in which the objective and subjective aspects of time can be integrated. The book mainly addresses researchers and postgraduates in philosophy and logic. Additionally, it offers inspiration for physicists and computer scientists involved in the modeling and simulation of complex behaviors for which the representation of internal time should be considered together with the notion of objective, external time. (shrink)

Objeto o sujeto de derechos Nature: Object or subject of rights Cartay, Belkis Acerca de la racionalidad científica: Feyerabend y los límites de la argumentación Scientific rationality, Feyerabend and the limits of the argument Castrejón, Gilberto El embrión es vida humana The embryo is human life Chacín, Ronald Ética y política: Las consecuencias prácticas de la modernización en la óptica de una acción comunicativa Ethics and politics: Practical consequences of modernization from the viewpoint of a comunicative act De La Vega, (...) Marta La libertad de expresión: De la doctrina a la ley The freedom of expresion: From doctrine to law Belandria, Margarita y González, Javier Globalización y "Glocalización" frente al debate postmoderno Globalization and "Glocalizacion" in the post-moderne debate Mora García, José Pascual El Derecho en "El Alcalde de Zalamea" Law in "The Mayor of Zalamea" Parodi Remón, Carlos Interdisciplinares La palabra y su universo de sentido Word and its universe of sense Espar, Teresa Procesos existenciales en el ritmo de la poesía Existential processes in the thythm of poetry Hocevar, Drina Traducciones Karl Löwith "Mi vida en Alemania antes y después de 1933" Vasquez, Eduardo. (shrink)

In this topical section, we highlight the next step of research on modeling aiming to contribute to the emerging literature that radically refrains from approaching modeling as a scientific endeavor. Modeling surpasses “doing science” because it is frequently incorporated into decision-making processes in politics and management, i.e., areas which are not solely epistemically oriented. We do not refer to the production of models in academia for abstract or imaginary applications in practical fields, but instead highlight the real entwinement of science (...) and policy and the real erosion of their boundaries. Models in decision making – due to their strong entwinement with policy and management – are utilized differently than models in science; they are employed for different purposes and with different constraints. We claim that “being a part of decision-making” implies that models are elements of a very particular situation, in which knowledge about the present and the future is limited but dependence of decisions on the future is distinct. Emphasis on the future indicates that decisions are made about actions that have severe and lasting consequences. In these specific situations, models enable not only the acquisition of knowledge (the primary goal of science) but also enable deciding upon actions that change the course of events. As a result, there are specific ways to construct effective models and justify their results. Although some studies have explored this topic, our understanding of how models contribute to decision making outside of science remains fragmentary. This topical section aims to fill this gap in research and formulate an agenda for additional and more systematic investigations in the field. (shrink)

Costa, M. La evidencia de la causalidad en Descartes y Malebranche.--Broide, T. La función de la causa final en Descartes, Malebranche y Leibnez.--Orlandi, C.A. Función de la causalidad.

En este trabajo propongo analizar la polémica de Manuel Ugarte con el periódico socialista La Vanguardia, en 1913, situándola en el marco más amplio de los conflictos en torno a definiciones doctrinarias marcadas por una tensión entre el internacionalismo proletario propio del socialismo decimonónico y las preocupaciones por los asuntos nacionales, durante el proceso de consolidación del Partido Socialista de Argentina. Estas últimas se vieron atravesadas por la necesidad de construir definiciones respecto de la inmigración, del imperialismo norteamericano en el (...) subcontinente y de la reciente inserción de Argentina en la división internacional del trabajo. Un examen detenido de algunas intervenciones de Ugarte, Justo y otros colaboradores de La Vanguardia revela una heterogeneidad de posicionamientos mucho mayor de la que ha sido señalada hasta hoy. Así, esto dio lugar a debates doctrinarios descentrados respecto de los debates europeos, que implicaron respuestas creativas en el interior de la Segunda Internacional Socialista durante los años previos a la Primera Guerra Mundial. A su vez, en el caso de Ugarte, la polémica es reveladora de un modo de intervención intelectual que puede caracterizarse en términos de un diletantismo militante propio de la tradición dreyfusiana, acaso en desfasaje respecto de las condiciones de un partido en pleno proceso de institucionalización. I aim to analyze Manuel Ugarte’s polemics with the socialist Journal La Vanguardia, in 1913, in the larger frame of the conflicts around doctrinarian definitions, which were characterized by a tension between proletarian internationalism typical from 19th Century Socialism, and a concern about national questions during the consolidation process of Socialist Party in Argentina. This concern was related to the necessity of making definitions on immigration, American imperialism along the Latin American area and the recent Argentinean insertion in international work division. A close approach of some of Ugarte’s, Justo’s and other articles in La Vanguardia reveals an heterogeneity of positions much bigger than the one that has been observed up to the present. In this way, the doctrinarian debates were a bit off-center in regard to European ones, and they implied some creative responses into the Second Socialist International previous to First World War. Besides, in Ugarte’s case, this polemics exposes a particular way of intellectual intervention which can be described as a dilettante engagement specific to Dreyfusian tradition, in phase shift with the conditions of a Party involved in a whole process of institutionalization. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to propose a research agenda for future studies of local forms of caregiving. It does this by exploring practices of care giving and receipt through the prism of childcare. Focusing on Nairobi, it investigates one critical form of care work in the city: the labour of women who work as ‘nannies’ in private homes, a form of labour that has received little systematic study or scholarly attention. Every day, women in Nairobi construct complex and (...) far-ranging care chains that ensure that the socially necessary labour of childcare takes place. The phenomenon of ‘diverted mothering’ that has been associated with the globalisation of care can also be understood as a local phenomenon. Whereas global care chains involving migrant domestic workers have been the focus of detailed investigation, hitherto the workings of more widespread and highly fragile local care chains in the cities of the third world have been neglected. We argue that it is critical to understand practices of intimate and emotional labour in the context not just of global migration but in situations of severe intersecting inequalities within the global south. (shrink)

Is there a unique way to de-idealize models? If not, how might the possible ways of reducing the distortion between models and reality differ from each other? Based on an empirical case study conducted in financial markets, this paper discusses how a popular valuation model (the Discounted Cash Flow model) idealizes reality and how the market participants de-idealize it in concrete market situations. In contrast to Cartwright's view that economic models are generally over-constrained, this paper suggests that valuation models are (...) under-constrained. This serves as the reason why the relaxation of simplifying assumptions and concretization do not work as methods of de-idealization. The paper finds that financial market participants de-idealize models using commentary that takes the form of judgment. As a conclusion, a hypothesis is formulated that proposes that the more underdetermined the model is the bigger role narrative and other pragmatic elements play in the process of model application. (shrink)

In recent years, the emergence of a new trend in contemporary philosophy has been observed in the increasing usage of empirical research methods to conduct philosophical inquiries. Although philosophers primarily use secondary data from other disciplines or apply quantitative methods (experiments, surveys, etc.), the rise of qualitative methods (e.g., in-depth interviews, participant observations and qualitative text analysis) can also be observed. In this paper, I focus on how qualitative research methods can be applied within philosophy of science, namely within the (...) philosophical debate on modeling. Specifically, I review my empirical investigations into the issues of model de-idealization, model justification and performativity. (shrink)

The aim of this contribution is to provide an overview of conceptual approaches to incorporating a decision maker’s non-knowledge into economic theory. We will focus here on the particular kind of non-knowledge which we consider to be one of the most important for economic discussions: non-knowledge of possible consequence-relevant uncertain events which a decision maker would have to take into account when selecting between different strategies.

En el devenir de las artes visuales en Colombia, la preocupación por los efectos de los fenómenos de la violencia ha sido recurrente. La mirada de los artistas se ha valido de diferentes lenguajes expresivos y formas de traducción, con el interés de construir una estrecha relación entre la naturaleza de las obras y el acontecer de los propios fenómenos sociales.

El artículo se ocupa del problema del pluralismo teórico a la luz del caso del doctor Hamer. fundador de la Nueva Medicina. Después de cuestionar las relaciones entre justicia y pluralismo tal como las concibe el liberalismo político contemporáneo. el artículo defiende una alternativa de corte hermeneulico afín a la posición de Geertz contra Rorty, la cual serviría de contrapeso a la posición reaccionaria típica de toda forma de saber establecida.

Las mujeres presas son un colectivo poco conflictivo y pequeño (el 8% de la población penitenciaria), y por lo tanto olvidado e invisible. Sin embargo, se trata de un grupo muy castigado ya que cuando una mujer entra en prisión sufre una triple condena: social, personal y penitenciaria.

Margarita Palacios reviews Howard Caygill's On Resistance: A Philosophy of Defiance, 2013. Howard Caygill reviews Margarita Palacios's Radical Sociality: On Disobedience, Violence and Belonging, 2013.

Tomando como punto de partida las acusaciones planteadas por Hegel en la sección ‘razón legisladora’ de la Fenomenología del espíritu, en este escrito se buscará precisar el rol que ocupa la contingencia y la necesidad en la filosofía práctica kantiana. Posteriormente, se elucidará las coordenadas concretas del mandato ‘no mentir’, tanto en la doctrina del derecho como en la doctrina de la virtud. Lo anterior, responderá a un objetivo común: arrojar luz a las ambigüedades que introduce Hegel en la sección (...) mencionada de la Fenomenología, puesto que estos equívocos arrastran malentendidos en lecturas recientes, por ejemplo, en la obra de Ludwig Siep, quien, en El camino de la fenomenología del espíritu, le concede ciertas equivalencias al filósofo de Stuttgart. Por ello, se aclarará cómo se cualifica el mandato ‘no mentir’ en la filosofía práctica kantiana, lo que permitirá rectificar el modo en que se desarrolla ese mandato en distintos contextos. (shrink)

Most ethical considerations related to the activities of the professions, including that of social education, have been put forward using a set of professional ethics that are frequently associated with principles and imperatives that aspire to be universal but have little connection to real and specific situations. In this paper, we offer an interpretation of the ethics associated with the profession of social educator from positions that are less transcendent, more immanent. Such an interpretation is based on and built from (...) professional practice, from actual, relational situations that social educators have experienced in the real contexts in which they work. Following a discussion on the usefulness of reflecting about the ethical dimensions of educational activity, we look at situations in which social educators, immersed in relationships, put their skills and competencies to use, and we propose some guidelines for an ethical practice of the educational relationships in this field. (shrink)

The purpose of the research is to clarify the current problems of education in terms of education management and to work out the ways of solving them within the framework of the humanistic paradigm, that is, “management for human education”, presenting these solutions as implementing the required model of teachers’ training. Methodology. The author implements the approaches of education anthropology, the basis for which was provided by monitoring in action, textual records and research letters, as well as general philosophical methods. (...) Scientific novelty of the research lies in the anthropological view of the education problems, including the sphere of management. The perspective of the modern situation under study, that is, the neoliberal and managerial context add to the degree of scientific novelty. Results. Different conceptions of education management are revealed and the corresponding management models are considered, the difference of which is explained by opposing the humanistic and managerial paradigms. In a number of problems of education management, beyond the usual ones that appear for the collectives of educational organizations, it became obvious that new problems have emerged due to introducing “new management”, which has a noticeable impact on the goals and values themselves, distorting “human education”. As a response required from management to the needs of education in line with the humanistic paradigm, a “synergetic model of management” and “democratic management of education” are proposed. Conclusions. On the basis of analyzing the problems and education management models required for education, the author draws conclusions for teachers’ training: highlights the ideas that make up its guidelines, and outlines possible approaches to the content and methods of teaching education managers and teachers in line with the model “Creative, autonomous, reflective teacher” corresponding to the humanistic paradigm. (shrink)

En este trabajo se pretende hacer una pequeña correlación, a manera de homenaje, entre el pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno y el de su amado maestro, Walter Benjamin. Los vínculos que unen a ambos pensadores, pueden encontrarse en el peso de las palabras que comparten, en medio de un contexto propio de la crítica filosófica alemana y de las raíces judaicas que los unen. Bajo la figura alegórica del ángel de la historia, se tejen nexos entre una selección de citas (...) tomadas de la Dialéctica negativa de Th. W. Adorno y de algunos conceptos expuestos en El origen del drama barroco alemán de W. Benjamin. (shrink)

This article is contextualized within the recent evolution of household employment in Spain. In the context of the strong demand for personal care services – due to rapid population ageing, mass incorporation of women into the labour market and insufficient collective provision of care services – the growth of domestic work is closely related to the overall social organization of care and specific migration policies that have eased, both implicitly and explicitly, the labour supply of foreign women into Spanish households. (...) In line with ongoing debates in the academic literature as well as in the political sphere, this article seeks to explain the extent to which domestic work can or should be considered as any other job in terms of social and employment rights and obligations. To that end, it evaluates changes in the regulation of household employment in Spain since the creation of the Special Regime for Household Employees in 1969 until the most recent 2011 reform. Following the recommendations of the ILO Convention for Domestic Workers, this latest reform puts domestic workers on equal footing with other dependent employees. It thus implies a sea change in relation to the discriminatory treatment embedded in previous legal frameworks. The main hindrance to the effective transposition of the norm however remains the strong presence of the informal economy and a dubious political commitment to ensure its application. (shrink)

This article was made possible thanks to a research grant by C.I.R.I.T. . The research took place in Birmingham under the direction of Prof. N.J.H. Dent, Head of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Birmingham. I would like to thank him and the other members of the Department for the kindness and support I was given.

The number of women occupying male-dominated blue-collar jobs continues to be very low. This study examines segregation in the blue-collar trades, taking into consideration both structural and individual factors. Using nationally representative data for 25 countries, the study shows that segregation in the blue-collar sector does not vary with the strength of vocational education and training programs. At the individual level, findings reveal higher degrees of social reproduction among working-class families, but parental background alone does not fully account for the (...) gender composition of the sector in which children end up working. Overall, the findings point to the existence of a socializing mechanism that entrenches horizontal segregation in the blue-collar sector. The study indicates that to reduce segregation in the blue-collar fields, policies must address this prior mechanism, both at the structural and individual level. (shrink)

Axiological foundations of free speach. Belandria, Margarita y González R., Javier Voluntad, ausencias, y normas: el sustrato histórico del positivismo en el derecho. Will, absences and norms: the historical background of positivism in law. Carpintero Benítez, Francisco Nominalismo jurídico, escolástica española y tradición republicana. Juridical nominalism, spanish scholasticism and republican tradition. Casanova Guerra, Carlos El primer principio de la razón práctica en la teoría de la ley natural de John Finnis. The first principle of practical reason in John Finnis´s (...) natural law theory. Hocevar G., Mayda G. El derecho a una educación integral de calidad, ¿utopía o posibilidad?. The right to an integral education of quality: utopia or possibility?. López de Cordero, Mery La muerte de la imagen. The death of the image. Peña, Edilio Karl Jaspers: autorreflexión y "existenzerhellung". Karl jaspers: self-reflection and "existenzerhellung". Portuondo Pajón, Gladys L. Derechos humanos y positivismo moderado. Human rights and temperated positivism. Ramos Pascua, José Antonio De la libertad y sus apariencias. On liberty and its appearances. Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Pensamiento y vida: la "guía" zambraniana. Thought and life: zambrano's "guide" Rivara Kamaji, Greta Interdisciplinares Las mujeres en la ciencia de la salud. Women in the health sciences. Alcaraz Ariza, María Ángeles Cultura arquitectónica y crisis de la contemporaneidad. Architectural culture and crisis of the contemporary. Arellano Spinetti, Leonardo Recensiones Homenaje al filósofo venezolano Alberto Rosales. Walton, Roberto Informaciones Índice acumulado. (shrink)

In recent years, philosophers of science have begun to realize that the clear separation of the creation of models in academia and the application of models outside science is not possible. When these philosophers address hybrid contexts in which science is entwined with policy, business, and other realms of society, these often practically oriented realms no longer represent ‘the surroundings’ of science but rather are considered an essential part of it. I argue—and demonstrate empirically—that the judgement of a theory or (...) model conducted by scientists in such hybrid contexts may contain two parts: one is truth supportive and the other is utility oriented. In relation to the debate on science and values, the article seeks to reinforce the argument in modern philosophy of science that the boundaries between epistemic and non-epistemic values are blurred. The article stresses that non-epistemic values may be also understood as values that contribute to the instrumental success of a theory or model and—in this way—influence scientific practice in the hybrid contexts. (shrink)

Partimos de que se está desarrollando un doble discurso desde el punto de vista de las sostenibilidad sobre los recursos naturales en general, y sobre la diversidad y el agua en especial. Conceptos de equidad intergeneracional, conservación del recurso, aprovechamiento sostenible, participación, y control social se utilizan por parte de las organizaciones sociales y de Ong, y de igual manera por los foros empresariales, las instituciones públicas, IFIs, Instituciones Financieras Multilaterales con muy diferente contenido.El tema de los derechos de agua (...) como derechos de los inversionistas, y los derechos de propiedad intelectual aplicados a la materia viva y a los conocimientos ancestrales son ejemplos de un tratamiento insostenible de los recursos naturales, pues privilegian el sentido comercial sobre el ambiental. (shrink)

This study focuses on influence that older adults, living in nursing homes, have over everyday activities. Everyday activities are key to sustain a sense of stability, predictability, and enjoyment in the local world of people's everyday and therefore a critical dimension of the person‐centeredness framework applied within gerontology. This narrative ethnographic study aimed to shed light on how influence can be situated contextually, and how it can emerge through activities as well as how it is negotiated in everyday by frail (...) older adults living in a nursing home. Residents, staff members, and significant others from one nursing home in an urban area of Sweden participated in this study. Data were gathered through fieldwork, including participant observation and formal and informal conversations during a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed through a narrative interpretative approach. The findings are presented in narrative form as exemplars. The exemplars—Craquelures as justification, Seeking a place for other life worlds and An almost perfect trip—reveal a gap between the client‐centeredness framework and lived experiences regarding older adults’ influence in everyday activities. The role of everyday activities in the context of frailty is discussed in terms of ethical and responsive engagement, and implications for health‐care practices are considered. (shrink)