In the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant avoids a circle in the proof by resorting to the notions of ratio essendi and ratio cognoscendi, favoring a regressive investigation. The argumentation begins with the Faktum of the moral law, a consequently determining ground in the order of knowledge, to go back from there to the antecedently determining ground in the order of being, the idea of freedom. We expose and problematize the general normativity of this argumentative structure in Kant’s moral texts, (...) to draw some critical conclusions from Jacques Derrida’s analyzes, especially focusing on the 1980-81’s unpublished seminar Le respect. We postulate, following Derrida, that Kant co-implies the indicated orders, giving a structural function to the philosophical analogy that thus becomes the transcendental rule of the critical system. This question also opens an analysis of other rhetorical tropes in Kant’s work: metonymy and exemplarity. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo exponemos la tesis de Emmanuel Levinas según la cual en la subjetividad se entrelazan dos momentos, uno ontológico y uno propiamente ético, alejándose así del paradigma de la identidad. Sostenemos que dicha estructura co-implicada de la subjetividad puede entenderse, a partir de las dos obras principales de Levinas, a la luz de un movimiento incorporativo no-asimilativo de la alteridad. Mostramos así, en primer lugar, cómo la retórica alimentaria del comer-al y con-otro no sólo puede tener rendimiento (...) especulativo en el caso de la tematización de la estructura ontológica del vivir de… sino que incluso funciona como catacresis fundamental en el caso de la exposición de la subjetividad como substitución. Finalmente, proponemos que estos análisis permiten una relectura de la estructura misma de la relación general con la alteridad en Levinas en términos de incorporación. In the following article we expose Emmanuel Levinas’ thesis about an altered subjectivity that has two intertwined moments: one ontological and one properly ethical. We hold that this co-implicated structure of subjectivity can be understood, in the context of the two main works of Levinas, in the light of a non-assimilative incorporative movement of alterity. We show, in the first place, how the rhetoric of eating the-other and with-other has an speculative function both in the thematization of the ontological structure of the living of... and in the thesis about subjectivity as a substitution – as a fundamental catachresis. Finally, we propose that these analyzes allow a rereading of the structure of the general relationship with otherness in Levinas in terms of incorporation. (shrink)

In the unpublished seminars given in the United States and France between 1989–1991, Manger l’autre: Politiques de l’Amitié and Rhétoriques du Cannibalisme, Derrida analyzes the rhetorical function that the act of eating has in the Western tradition’s philosophical texts. In this paper I analyze the reading Derrida makes in those seminars of Saint Augustine’s Confessions, in order to show that they are entangled with a critique of political sovereignty. For Derrida, Augustine has a cogito of his own, which is a (...) cogito du manger l’autre. Augustine’s formulation is “I think, eat and drink” (ego cogito, manduco et bibo), and Derrida understands it as a way of constituting both the self of the ego and the self of the community. The first form of Christian community configured through the intake of food is the fraternity of milk: infants that suck the same milk from the breast of their nurse or mother. The second configuration of the community is, of course, the sacrament of Eucharist, in which the body of the father is divided (partagé) among the brothers. I show how the analysis Derrida makes of Augustine in these seminars is a way of deconstructing the very concept of community and its relation to sovereignty. This is attempted by Derrida through the problem of jealousy: the brothers of milk will always be jealous of each other, being themselves the condition for the breaking of the community and their sovereignty. But the second form of community is also threatened by food: since the holy wafer is an edible thing and the act of incorporation of food is really an act of theophagy. (shrink)

ABSTRACT “Speculative cannibalism” names here some kind of transcendental logic that only works through figuration, in the specific form of an analogical matrix. This article tracks these configurations in the philosophical works of Jacques Derrida and in the anthropological foundations of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. This article states that as transcendental, this analogical matrix is the condition of possibility of the meaning of alterity and difference—but as analogical works as a transcategorial function that is neither beyond nor before experience, only (...) irreducible to a given explanatory category of judgment or being. This function is figurative, that is, constitutes meaning by an operation of comparison in Viveiros de Castro’s nomenclature, and of supplementation, in Derrida’s terminology. In both cases this function posits difference or equivocation as the main operator. Finally, this article argues that even though they are very similar speculative proposals, analogy works a bit differently for deconstruction and for post-structural anthropology: for the first, analogy is based on a supplementary logic that is only taken to be a formal operation, while for the former, analogy it is treated not only as a formal operation, but also as fixed within the material categories of Amerindian thought. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to show how, through Derrida, the concept of unconditional hospitality can be understood through a logic of the parasite. In a supplementary chain that leads to the figure of the parasite, I first knot two main concepts: hospitality and unconditionality. Then I explore the knotting itself through two theoretical articulations discussed by Derrida in many of his text on the work of mourning and the altered constitution of ipseity. Finally, I will arrive at the (...) unpublished seminar Manger l’autre to focus on the “eating trope” of hospitality. Since para-sitos only means eating-with, the parasite is not a priori a negative notion, but rather suggests a trespassing of frontiers. All the above articulations finally lead me to propose a reading of these topics through a notion of incorporation. (shrink)

La filosofía de Jacques Derrida es conocida por estar estructurada metodológicamente sobre la cuestión de la herencia como forma general de la historicidad, que implica una complicación de los modos tradicionales de comprender el tiempo histórico. En este trabajo mostramos cómo esta concepción de la historicidad en términos de herencia y tradición se configura a partir de tres lugares genéticos: primero, tiene sus antecedentes en la fenomenología de Husserl; posteriormente, se desarrolla mediante las nociones de huella y trabajo de duelo, (...) en relación con Levinas, el psicoanálisis de cuño freudiano y la filosofía de Hegel; finalmente, llega a formularse como lógica del asedio. (shrink)

Cómo articular un discurso que dé cuenta de “las peores violencias” que son justamente “aquellas que reconocemos demasiado sin haberlas aún pensado” (11). Esta es la pregunta declarada que abre el texto Violencia. Una lectura desde la deconstrucción de Jacques Derrida, de Miriam Jerade. El libro nos entrega así ciertas claves para ahondar en violencias que parecen todavía insuficientemente problematizadas por la filosofía y el pen-samiento político, apostando a que una lectura desde la deconstrucción podría ofrecernos nuevos y más críticos (...) puntos de vista. Al menos tres términos se agol-pan en estas primeras formulaciones que es necesario señalar antes de continuar, con el fin de sopesar desde sus primeras líneas los alcances de la investigación: en primer lugar, el de violencia, que es el objeto del estudio; en segundo lugar, el de deconstrucción, que parece ser el médium en el que dicha violencia aparece y se complejiza; y, por último, el de los fines que se sitúan como horizonte de las reflexiones, señalados por la noción de “justicia”; pues la pregunta inaugural sobre el abordaje crítico de la “peores vio-lencias” también puede formularse así: ¿“cómo desarticular los discursos que las deniegan para dar lugar a la justicia” (11)? (shrink)

Resumen: El siguiente trabajo aborda la relación que tiene la violencia con el lenguaje y el discurso en la obra de Derrida, específicamente desde las nociones tempranas de violencia originaria, archi-violencia y violencia trascendental, con el fin de abrir la perspectiva de su análisis hacia una reflexión desde el problema del origen del sentido y su despliegue textual.La cuestión de la violencia será enfocada en torno a dos aspectos de la obra de Derrida: 1) la tesis general sobre la economía (...) en la que la violencia de origen está expuesta y se despliega, cuestión que desarrollaremos a partir de la relación teórica de Derrida con Lévi-Strauss; y 2) algunas notas más detalladas sobre la génesis del concepto de violencia, que es adoptado por Derrida en discusión directa con la tradición fenomenológica, especialmente con Husserl y Levinas. Todo, además, en el contexto de ciertas notas metodológicas sobre la herencia que no son periféricas, sino que permiten una aproximación más completa desde una idea de génesis de la violencia de la génesis.: In this paper, I approach the concept of violence in connection with deconstruction as a condition of possibility of meaning. I track the genesis and structure of different formulations of the concept presented in the early works of Derrida, such as ‘original violence’, ‘transcendental violence’, and ‘archi-violence’. I present some key points on this topic emphasizing two features: 1) the overall thesis about the economy in which violence is exposed and developed, in dialogue with the ideas of Lévi-Strauss; and 2) some more detailed notes about the genesis of the concept of violence, which is adopted by Derrida in direct discussion with the phenomenological tradition, especially with Husserl and Levinas. Both subjects are also involved with certain methodological elements that I think cannot be avoided in Derrida’s philosophy, because they are integral to deconstruction itself. This will give us a full view of the problem of the idea of a genesis of the violence of genesis. (shrink)

The link between force, violence and events in the philosophy of Jacques Derrida is explored, arguing that this relationship is at the very heart of the problem of meaning and its performativity. This thesis is based on the analysis of Derrida’s reading of both Benjamin’s Critique of Violence, as well as Austin’s linguistic performative theory, which allows, at first, to link the question of signification with that of force or violence. Subsequently, we use the analysis of W. Hamacher about Benjamin (...) in order to strengthen that connection and propose a new reading of the question of the event in Derrida. We obtain a philosophy of the event that moves between ethics, politics and linguistics that allows new approaches to the “critique” of violence. (shrink)

Abordamos la primera configuración de la tesis del trabajo de duelo (travail du deuil) en la filosofía de Jacques Derrida, desarrollada en el texto Glas de 1974, en directa relación con la filosofía de Hegel. Dicha tesis es central para la deconstrucción y alude a un esquema especulativo que puede relacionarse tanto con las tempranas propuestas sobre la auto-afección como proceso de constitución del sí mismo, como también con la operación de consumación idealizante que está a la base de las (...) teorías sobre el origen del sentido en la tradición filosófica occidental. En ambos casos, se trata de configurar una tesis deconstructiva sobre la relación con la alteridad en general, cuestión que constituye para Derrida el núcleo del problema epistemológico de la historicidad del sentido. Sostenemos que la configuración del trabajo de duelo es el resultado de una serie de decisiones teóricas en relación con la filosofía de Hegel, que implican considerar el lugar de la vida y la muerte en sistema, así como también una relación incorporativa entre una y otra, mediada por la dinámica de la Aufhebung. (shrink)

Las tesis de Lévinas sobre la violencia han sido frecuentemente vinculadas con su noción de totalidad. Postulamos que si bien la violencia está en relación con la crítica a la filosofía de la totalización, no puede reducirse a ella. Mientras el concepto de totalidad refiere al ejercicio del poder y la dominación, la cuestión de la violencia remite a una situación extrema, que Lévinas vincula con el asesinato en cuanto solución final. Esto supone sostener la impotencia de la totalización frente (...) a la absoluta alteridad del otro hombre, lo que permite pensar la relación mismo-otro bajo una nueva y paradójica lógica jurídica. Ella tiene como principio el mandato “no matarás”, y demuestra que la violencia es el verdadero problema de la ética. Sin embargo, la de Lévinas no es una ética ingenua que postularía una pura no-violencia en el origen. Siguiendo a J. Derrida y respondiendo a sus demandas, mostraremos como la ética de Lévinas puede entenderse como una violencia crítica de la violencia del asesinato. (shrink)

RESUMEN Partiendo de algunas experiencias del presente, se retoma la interpretación nietzs cheana del resentimiento para explorar la complejidad y ambivalencia del fenómeno e iluminar cuestiones actuales. Así, se vinculan dos tendencias y sus implicaciones: cómo el resentimiento genera la fijación de una identidad amenazadora que lleva a la estigmatización de un otro, a la vez como una forma de rechazo de la contingencia histórica; y cómo el vínculo del resentimiento con la temporalidad, en particular con un tipo de memoria, (...) produce una incapacidad para asumirla creadoramente. Esta reflexión deja abiertas preguntas sobre cómo los cuerpos afectados por el resen timiento pueden revertirlo y dar lugar a formas más vitales de relación con el mundo. ABSTRACT On the basis of selected experiences from the present, the article revisits the Nietzschean interpretation of resentment in order to explore the complexity and ambivalence of the phenomenon and shed light on current issues. To that effect, it connects two tendencies and their implications: the manner in which resentment generates the fixation of a threatening identity that leads to the stigmatization of an other, which, at the same time, involves a rejection of historical contingency; and the manner in which the link between resentment and temporality, in particular with a type of memory, produces an incapacity to assume it creatively. This reflec tion leaves questions open regarding how bodies affected by resentment can twist it around and give rise to more vital forms of relating to the world. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil. ABSTRACT The article explores whether there is any solid basis for attributing to Leonardo da Vinci the priority in formulating the simile that leads to (...) conceiving the eye as a camera obscura. Here, a pessimistic position is defended, however, the article highlights some of Leonardo's contributions to the consolidation of the simile. (shrink)

RESUMEN Partiendo de algunas experiencias del presente, se retoma la interpretación nietzs cheana del resentimiento para explorar la complejidad y ambivalencia del fenómeno e iluminar cuestiones actuales. Así, se vinculan dos tendencias y sus implicaciones: cómo el resentimiento genera la fijación de una identidad amenazadora que lleva a la estigmatización de un otro, a la vez como una forma de rechazo de la contingencia histórica; y cómo el vínculo del resentimiento con la temporalidad, en particular con un tipo de memoria, (...) produce una incapacidad para asumirla creadoramente. Esta reflexión deja abiertas preguntas sobre cómo los cuerpos afectados por el resen timiento pueden revertirlo y dar lugar a formas más vitales de relación con el mundo. ABSTRACT On the basis of selected experiences from the present, the article revisits the Nietzschean interpretation of resentment in order to explore the complexity and ambivalence of the phenomenon and shed light on current issues. To that effect, it connects two tendencies and their implications: the manner in which resentment generates the fixation of a threatening identity that leads to the stigmatization of an other, which, at the same time, involves a rejection of historical contingency; and the manner in which the link between resentment and temporality, in particular with a type of memory, produces an incapacity to assume it creatively. This reflec tion leaves questions open regarding how bodies affected by resentment can twist it around and give rise to more vital forms of relating to the world. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to identify the verbal-ideological conditions in which Judeo-Christin values in tension in the conceptualization of hell are installed as Western collective memory even out of the religious segment and, this way, frame a cosmovision. Theoretically, the discussion is preponderantly based on a dialogic reading (BMV Circle) of the Halbwachian notion of collective memory and on a socio-cognitivist approach to polysemy. Methodologically, apocrificity is used as a resource to trace de conceptual path constituting the (...) semiosis of hell in dialog with canonical texts. The paper demonstrates that hell, by compressing the transit between cultures and by permeating Christian values in other fields of ideological creation, activates a moral-causal domain that, at the same time, defers to these values and denies their religious principles, making the sacred and sublime also prosaic. The sacred/prosaic ambivalence that occurs not alternatively, but simultaneously, as typical of the dialogic tension, frames a collective structure of memory. (shrink)

Como é possível a mente ser constituída por afetos contrários? Para entender em que circunstâncias acontece a “flutuação do ânimo”, sua ação no campo da imaginação, sua dependência do conatus e da consciência e seu peso ontológico, propusemo-nos à análise do conjunto de proposições que vai da P14 à P18 da parte III da Ética de Espinosa. A flutuação do ânimo ocorre por obra da variação do conatus, ou seja, do esforço do indivíduo de perseverar na existência em seu duplo (...) aspecto: mecânico e dinâmico, cujo desempenho leva à transitividade dos afetos-paixão e da consciência, o que é evidenciado na leitura deleuzeana. (shrink)

Testemunhamos hoje diferentes consequências decorrentes do modelo de negócios das Big Techs e, por conseguinte, do modo como o trânsito informacional pelas infovias é realizado. Esse último fenômeno é basicamente marcado pelos algoritmos e pelo formato mercadológico, que abrem espaço para a disseminação de conteúdos desinformativos, ou com alto teor da toxicidade das informações circulantes, que têm, por um lado, impactado o campo do ensino de Filosofia e, por outro, provocado o questionamento e também o desenvolvimento de estratégias e recursos (...) que podem ser implementadas para promover o pensamento crítico e a prática responsável entre os e as estudantes. (shrink)

En base a los diversos vínculos que el Estado y los/as músicos/as organizados/as de rock han entablado en los últimos años, en este artículo me propongo analizar el accionar colectivo y político que asumieron los/as artistas y músicos/as autogestionados/as de rock de la ciudad de Avellaneda (ubicada en el sur del conurbano bonaerense, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), durante la campaña electoral de 2019. Hago énfasis, por un lado, en la militancia y el accionar político que asumieron diferentes colectivos, en (...) coordinación con la gestión municipal, en pos de influir en el resultado electoral y, por otro lado, en el posicionamiento y las posturas que los/as propios/as músicos/as y artistas han tomado al respecto. Parto de un enfoque etnográfico, el cual retoma aportes de perspectivas que privilegian la experiencia de campo como fuente de conocimiento. El trabajo de campo, la observación participante y las entrevistas en profundidad a artistas y trabajadores municipales han sido las técnicas elegidas para realizar este trabajo. Con este artículo espero aportar al análisis y reflexión acerca de los nuevos vínculos que emergen entre los/as artistas independientes y/o autogestionados/as y el Estado (haciendo foco, particularmente, en los consensos y las tensiones que conllevan estas articulaciones), y sobre el cruce entre la actividad cultural/artística, la militancia colectiva y el trabajo en y desde el Estado. (shrink)

En este trabajo analizo la construcción de mi tesis titulada “Siervas inútiles somos. Autoficción devuelta a la escuela”, profundizando en los recursos y posibilidades de la autobiografía pedagógica, presentándola como acción poética, desde una concepción de lo humano y del sujeto proveniente de la fenomenología y la hermenéutica, el postestructuralismo y las epistemologías postmodernas. Las conclusiones plantean la posibilidad de avanzar en el esbozo de un ámbito para una poética pedagógica que adopte del campo artístico la reflexión sobre los procesos (...) distintos de producción y de presentación de las obras para contribuir a visibilizar otras formas de nombrar y de crear lo que vivimos las maestras y los alumnos y lo que las escuelas son en nuestra continua construcción autobiográfica que siempre es también, autoficción y producción poética. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo pretende dar cuenta de una mirada alternativa en lo que respecta al abordaje de problemáticas socio-productivas y habitacionales. Para esto se acercaran diferentes discusiones que aportan a la comprensión integral de un escenario complejo: producción epistémica participativa, desarrollo de tecnología, territorialidad e interactoralidad. El grupo de investigación que presenta el artículo propone algunas dimensiones conceptuales para el abordaje de esta temática, introduciendo las nociones de Tecnología Social y Co-construcción de Conocimiento, como eje referencial del análisis. A propósito (...) de lo expuesto, se vincularán estos campos teóricos con un proyecto de investigación [i] teórico-empírico, que se desarrolla en la localidad de Concordia, provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina). [i] Proyectos financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva de la Nación (Argentina), en sus líneas “Desarrollo Tecnológico Municipal” (DETEM) y “Programa Consejo de la Demanda de Actores Sociales” (PROCODAS); iniciados en 2011. (shrink)

El texto ofrece dos propuestas: el cosmopolitismo institucional y el cosmopolitismo de la responsabilidad. El primero, como sugiere el término, confía en el mantenimiento de las instituciones jurídicas y políticas, pero éstas deben reestructurarse para responder a las nuevas exigencias de la sociedad contemporánea. El cosmopolitismo de la responsabilidad subraya la importancia de construir efectivamente deberes y espacios de rendición de cuentas para todos los actores nacionales e internacionales. Como resultado, se vislumbran propuestas como la diligencia debida en el contexto (...) de los desastres climáticos o incluso las violaciones estructurales de los derechos humanos. Además, el concepto de rendición de cuentas se alinea con los estudiosos de las teorías decoloniales, en las que los conflictos raciales y religiosos plantean importantes desafíos al cosmopolitismo crítico. La cuestión central es descubrir si el cosmopolitismo -unido por neologismos que surgen para expandir el campo lingüístico hacia nuevos conceptos para nuevas realidades- puede encontrar alternativas a la falta de efectividad de los derechos y deberes humanos a nivel nacional e internacional. El método utilizado fue la hermenéutica fenomenológica porque no hay interpretación sin comprensión. (shrink)

In the age of Anthropocene, can aesthetics propose a not prevaricating behavioural model towards nature, leading to a new conception of humanity based on our being moved by nature? In this article, we will try to answer this question, exploring how some exponents of contemporary Environmental Aesthetics have examined the significance of human emotional responses to nature. Starting from the assumption that Kant defines the sublime as a motion of the soul, we wonder how aesthetics can reinterpret this concept to (...) affirm not human superiority over nature but his being part of it. To do so, we will turn our attention not only to some exponents of Environmental Aesthetics but also to Schopenhauer's concept of the sublime and the thought of Arne Næss, the father of the Deep Ecology movement. (shrink)

BackgroundCo-creation allows to develop tailored interventions in chronicity and to increase patients’ engagement. Considering the interacting nature of physical, psychological, and social domains in multiple sclerosis, a biopsychosocial approach to care is crucial.AimsThis paper aims to present an example of a co-creation process in the context of chronic diseases preferences and perspectives of young adults with multiple sclerosis and healthcare professionals on the relevance, objectives, and modalities of a biopsychosocial intervention and on strategies/barriers to participation.MethodsA participatory mixed-method approach in three (...) consecutive steps was implemented: online surveys with YawMS and HCPs, online focus groups with YawMS, consultation with an advisory board composed by YawMS, HCPs and researchers. For the survey, descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis have been used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. FGs and AB were used to deepen the understanding of the survey’s results.ResultsAn integrated intervention is extremely relevant according to the perspectives of the main stakeholders. Helping disease acceptance, providing stress management strategies, and supporting emotional expression emerged as the most relevant psychological objectives according to participants. Having tangible benefits, being tailored, and fostering interpersonal relationships emerged as the main preferred characteristics of physical activity. Preferences emerged on the modalities and timing of the intervention, with a venue unrelated to the disease strongly supported. Both HCPs and YawMS highlighted as the most valuable advantages of conducting the intervention online the increased accessibility, while the main limit was the restriction to social interaction. Accessibility and lack of time resulted as the main barriers to participation.ConclusionThe co-creation process gave valuable information on preferences and perspectives of main stakeholders on objectives, modalities, and strategies to improve participation which has been used in the design of the ESPRIMO biopsychosocial intervention. Those results might inform future intervention development in the field of chronicity. The current paper outlined a co-creation methodology which might be replicated in future research on other conditions of vulnerability. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the work of A. Bely in the development of Russian culture in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Attention is paid to the motives of the creative path of the philosopher-poet, who created the basis of Russian symbolism. By analyzing the cultural and historical manifestations of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, reflection in the works of art and science workers, an assessment of the severity (...) of symbolism for the development of Russian philosophy and the field of art in general. In the process of the formation of symbolism in Bely's work, neo-Kantian motives are clearly revealed in the formulation of the problem of the difference between subjective perception and the essence of the object of perception in itself, that is, distinguishing between the symbol and the signified. By comparing Bely's views with the concept of sophiology and anthroposophy, distinct Kantian positions of the philosopher-poet stand out. These include the schematism of space and time, an attempt to apply the categories of natural science to the field of philosophy of art, as well as the demarcation of the immanent and the transcendent. Despite the fact that the ideas of the philosopher-poet in their form have similar positions with the anthroposophy of R. Steiner and with the ideas of V. Solovyov, however, the key content is the neo-Kantian methodology of "critical deepening" of thought and its rationalization. The actualization of Bely's creativity and the issue of his neo-Kantian motives is carried out by attracting research from related branches of knowledge on the principles of interdisciplinary consideration and implementation of an integrated approach. (shrink)

The topic of asymmetry between the semantic and the phono-morphological levels of language emerges very early in Indian technical and speculative reflections as it also does in pre-socratic Greek thought. A well established relation between words and the objects they denote seems to have been presupposed for each analysis of the signification long before its earliest statement. The present paper aims at shedding light on two different patterns of tackling the mentioned problem. The first approach sees asymmetry as an exception (...) to the regular correspondence between language and reality, whereas the second approach considers language in itself as a conceptualisation which does not faithfully represent reality. In the latter case, asymmetry is no longer an exception, but the rule. (shrink)

This research focuses on the comparison of Hume ´s essay On Suicide and the letters XXI y XXII present in the third book of Julia or the New Heloise written by Rouseeau, that were published together by an anonymous editor in England in 1783. We will analyse the arguments present in both texts, the different reactions the audience of that time had and the possible common sources between them. On the basis of this study, the second attempt of this paper (...) is to show how the literary style used in these works and common among the 18th century thinkers is related to a particular kind of philosophical reflection upon issues that couldn’t be measured by general rules. (shrink)

O estudo descreve o julgamento da translucência relativa de substantivos, verbos e modificadores em quatro Sistemas de Comunicação Alternativa e Suplementar (Bliss, PIC, PCS e ImagoAnaVox) por meio do emprego de um software (Sonda) que apresentava os símbolos e registrava a pontuação atribuída, o te..

The aim of this article is to explain why knot diagrams are an effective notation in topology. Their cognitive features and epistemic roles will be assessed. First, it will be argued that different interpretations of a figure give rise to different diagrams and as a consequence various levels of representation for knots will be identified. Second, it will be shown that knot diagrams are dynamic by pointing at the moves which are commonly applied to them. For this reason, experts must (...) develop a specific form of enhanced manipulative imagination, in order to draw inferences from knot diagrams by performing epistemic actions. Moreover, it will be argued that knot diagrams not only can promote discovery, but also provide evidence. This case study is an experimentation ground to evaluate the role of space and action in making inferences by reasoning diagrammatically. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to investigate specific aspects connected with visualization in the practice of a mathematical subfield: low-dimensional topology. Through a case study, it will be established that visualization can play an epistemic role. The background assumption is that the consideration of the actual practice of mathematics is relevant to address epistemological issues. It will be shown that in low-dimensional topology, justifications can be based on sequences of pictures. Three theses will be defended. First, the representations used (...) in the practice are an integral part of the mathematical reasoning. As a matter of fact, they convey in a material form the relevant transitions and thus allow experts to draw inferential connections. Second, in low-dimensional topology experts exploit a particular type of manipulative imagination which is connected to intuition of two- and three-dimensional space and motor agency. This imagination allows recognizing the transformations which connect different pictures in an argument. Third, the epistemic—and inferential—actions performed are permissible only within a specific practice: this form of reasoning is subject-matter dependent. Local criteria of validity are established to assure the soundness of representationally heterogeneous arguments in low-dimensional topology. (shrink)

The objective of this article is twofold. First, a methodological issue is addressed. It is pointed out that even if philosophers of mathematics have been recently more and more concerned with the practice of mathematics, there is still a need for a sharp definition of what the targets of a philosophy of mathematical practice should be. Three possible objects of inquiry are put forward: (1) the collective dimension of the practice of mathematics; (2) the cognitives capacities requested to the practitioners; (...) and (3) the specific forms of representation and notation shared and selected by the practitioners. Moreover, it is claimed that a broadening of the notion of ‘permissible action’ as introduced by Larvor (2012) with respect to mathematical arguments, allows for a consideration of all these three elements simultaneously. Second, a case from topology – the proof of Alexander’s theorem – is presented to illustrate a concrete analysis of a mathematical practice and to exemplify the proposed method. It is discussed that the attention to the three elements of the practice identified above brings to the emergence of philosophically relevant features in the practice of topology: the need for a revision in the definition of criteria of validity, the interest in tracking the operations that are performed on the notation, and the constant and fruitful back-and-forth from one representation to another in dealing with mathematical content. Finally, some suggestions for further research are given in the conclusions. (shrink)

This paper examines how alternative forms of organising integration in resource-scarce environments expand across settings, by considering the role of local embeddedness and an ethic of care in enabling this expansion. It builds on theories of imitation in organization studies in combination with theories of ethics of care and bricolage applied to welfare and migration studies. The paper is informed by the case of Yalla Trappan, a work cooperative of immigrant women in the city of Malmö, Sweden, and the attempts (...) to diffuse this organization and its methods to other cities in the country. The findings indicate that the expansion of alternative forms of integration into resource-scarce contexts is enabled by simultaneous practices of imitation and bricolage, ingrained in an ethic of care. The article shows, first, how many important practices were developed by imitating accounts of the original ideas, through a broadcasting mode of imitation. Next, it explains why the local translation of these practices in resource-scarce contexts, consisting of ‘bricolage work’ based on material, market, institutional, human, and cultural elements, was necessary. The conclusion is that the expansion of novel forms of integration requires imitation, but of a kind that involves the bricolage of local translations. Such bricolage is always collective (which does not diminish the importance of individual agency), multi-spatial and not just local, and wrapped in an ethic of care, rather than in an economic logic. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings with the ethics of migration. (shrink)