Results for 'Variables'

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  1. Hacia Una descripción basada en la conjunción de variables jerarquizadas no linealmente José padua Gabriel.En la Conjunción de Variables - 2005 - Ludus Vitalis 13 (23):117-129.
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  2.  24
    Anafora ako premenná?M. Kosterec & Anaphora as A. Variable - 2012 - Filozofia 67 (3):221.
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  3. A Cognitive Approach to Temporal Information Processing.an Independent Variable - 1990 - In Richard A. Block, Cognitive Models of Psychological Time. Lawrence Erlbaum.
  4.  23
    Variables in Action Descriptions: Merging C+ with ADL.Vladimir Lifschitz - unknown
    Action description language C+ is more expressive than ADL in many ways; for instance, it addresses the ramification problem. On the other hand, ADL is based on first-order logic, while C+ is only propositional; expressions with variables, which are frequently used when action domains are described in C+, are merely..
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  5.  24
    Variable Speed Across Dimensions of Ability in the Joint Model for Responses and Response Times.Peida Zhan, Hong Jiao, Kaiwen Man, Wen-Chung Wang & Keren He - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Working speed as a latent variable reflects a respondent’s efficiency to apply a specific skill, or a piece of knowledge to solve a problem. In this study, the common assumption of many response time models is relaxed in which respondents work with a constant speed across all test items. It is more likely that respondents work with different speed levels across items, in specific when these items measure different dimensions of ability in a multidimensional test. Multiple speed factors are used (...)
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  6.  19
    Human Variability and the Explore–Exploit Trade‐Off in Recommendation.Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang, Chirag Rank, Jake A. Whritner, Olfa Nasraoui & Patrick Shafto - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13279.
    The enormous scale of the available information and products on the Internet has necessitated the development of algorithms that intermediate between options and human users. These algorithms attempt to provide the user with relevant information. In doing so, the algorithms may incur potential negative consequences stemming from the need to select items about which it is uncertain to obtain information about users versus the need to select items about which it is certain to secure high ratings. This tension is an (...)
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  7. Variable Objects and Truthmaking.Friederike Moltmann - 2020 - In Mircea Dumitru, Metaphysics, Meaning, and Modality: Themes From Kit Fine. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    This paper will focus on a philosophically significant construction whose semantics brings together two important notions in Kit Fine’s philosophy, the notion of truthmaking and the notion of a variable embodiment, or its extension, namely what I call a ‘variable object’. This is the construction of definite NPs like 'the number of people that can fit into the bus', 'the book John needs to write', and 'the gifted mathematician John claims to be'. Such NPs are analysed as standing for variable (...)
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  8.  42
    Variable frequency of knowledge of results and the learning of a simple skill.Edward A. Bilodeau & Ina McD Bilodeau - 1958 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 55 (4):379.
  9.  89
    Quantification without variables in connectionism.John A. Barnden & Kankanahalli Srinivas - 1996 - Minds and Machines 6 (2):173-201.
    Connectionist attention to variables has been too restricted in two ways. First, it has not exploited certain ways of doing without variables in the symbolic arena. One variable-avoidance method, that of logical combinators, is particularly well established there. Secondly, the attention has been largely restricted to variables in long-term rules embodied in connection weight patterns. However, short-lived bodies of information, such as sentence interpretations or inference products, may involve quantification. Therefore short-lived activation patterns may need to achieve (...)
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  10.  94
    Pure Variable Inclusion Logics.Francesco Paoli, Michele Pra Baldi & Damian Szmuc - forthcoming - Logic and Logical Philosophy:1-22.
    The aim of this article is to discuss pure variable inclusion logics, that is, logical systems where valid entailments require that the propositional variables occurring in the conclusion are included among those appearing in the premises, or vice versa. We study the subsystems of Classical Logic satisfying these requirements and assess the extent to which it is possible to characterise them by means of a single logical matrix. In addition, we semantically describe both of these companions to Classical Logic (...)
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  11.  30
    La variable ideológica como elemento central para la constitución y desarrollo de capital social.Jorge Brower Beltramin - 2011 - Polis: Revista Latinoamericana 29.
    El concepto de capital social ha sido abordado con gran interés en las últimas décadas por la sociología y las teorías del desarrollo en general. Todas las investigaciones tanto teóricas como aplicadas, reconocen en esta forma de capital la ayuda recíproca y la cooperación como sus componentes fundamentales. Este artículo tiene por objetivo, desarrollar una reflexión respecto a la importancia de la variable ideológica para la constitución y desarrollo de capital social. En este contexto, la literatura especializada concuerda en la (...)
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  12.  25
    Learning variables in the judgment of single stimuli.Allen Parducci - 1954 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 48 (1):24.
  13. Variable-Centered Consistency in Model RB.Liang Li, Tian Liu & Ke Xu - 2013 - Minds and Machines 23 (1):95-103.
    Model RB is a model of random constraint satisfaction problems, which exhibits exact satisfiability phase transition and many hard instances, both experimentally and theoretically. Benchmarks based on Model RB have been successfully used by various international algorithm competitions and many research papers. In a previous work, Xu and Li defined two notions called i-constraint assignment tuple and flawed i-constraint assignment tuple to show an exponential resolution complexity of Model RB. These two notions are similar to some kind of consistency in (...)
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  14. Personal Variables and Their Impact on Promoting Job Creation in Gaza Strip through Business Incubators.Maram O. Owda, Rasha O. Owda, Mohammed N. Abed, Samia A. M. Abdalmenem, Samy S. Abu-Naser & Mazen J. Al Shobaki - 2019 - International Journal of Academic Accounting, Finance and Management Research (IJAAFMR) 3 (8):65-77.
    The study aimed at identifying the personal variables and their effect in promoting job creation in Gaza Strip through business incubators. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the study objectives. The study population consisted of 92 of the pilot projects benefiting from the three business incubators in Gaza Strip (Palestinian Information Technology Incubator, UCAS Technology Incubator and Business and Technology Incubator). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are the existence of (...)
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  15.  48
    Variability of Aggression.Stephen M. Downes & James Tabery - 2018 - In Todd K. Shackelford & Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford, Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer Verlag.
    Variability of aggression: human aggressive behavior varies on a number of dimensions. We argue that this variability is best understood through an interdisciplinary evolutionary approach.
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  16.  19
    Adaptive Variable Neighborhood Search-Based Supply Network Reconfiguration for Robustness Enhancement.Ping Lou, Yuting Chen & Song Gao - 2020 - Complexity 2020:1-21.
    Robustness of a supply network highly depends on its structure. Although structural design methods have been proposed to create supply networks with optimal robustness, a real-life supply network can be quite different from these optimal structural designs. Meanwhile, real cases such as Thailand floods and Tohoku earthquake demonstrate the vulnerability of supply networks in real life. Obviously, it is urgent to enhance the robustness of existing real-life supply networks. Thus, in this paper, a supply network reconfiguration method based on adaptive (...)
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  17.  66
    Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity: is there a microRNA connection?Jasmine K. Ahluwalia, Manoj Hariharan, Rhishikesh Bargaje, Beena Pillai & Vani Brahmachari - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (9):981-992.
    Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are non‐Mendelian phenomena resulting in the lack of correlation between genotype and phenotype. Not withstanding the diversity in mechanisms, differential expression of homologous alleles within cells manifests as variations in penetrance and expressivity of mutations between individuals of the same genotype. These phenomena are seen most often in dominantly inherited diseases, implying that they are sensitive to concentration of the gene product. In this framework and the advances in understanding the role of microRNA (miRNA) in (...)
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  18.  25
    One-Variable Fragments of First-Order Logics.Petr Cintula, George Metcalfe & Naomi Tokuda - 2024 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 30 (2):253-278.
    The one-variable fragment of a first-order logic may be viewed as an “S5-like” modal logic, where the universal and existential quantifiers are replaced by box and diamond modalities, respectively. Axiomatizations of these modal logics have been obtained for special cases—notably, the modal counterparts $\mathrm {S5}$ and $\mathrm {MIPC}$ of the one-variable fragments of first-order classical logic and first-order intuitionistic logic, respectively—but a general approach, extending beyond first-order intermediate logics, has been lacking. To this end, a sufficient criterion is given in (...)
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  19.  55
    Latent variable modeling and its implications for institutional review board review: variables that delay the reviewing process.Dong-Sheng Tzeng, Yi-Chang Wu & Jane-Yi Hsu - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-7.
    BackgroundTo investigate the factors related to approval after review by an Institutional Review Board, the structure equation model was used to analyze the latent variables ‘investigators’, ‘vulnerability’ and ‘review process’ for 221 proposals submitted to our IRB.MethodsThe vulnerability factor included vulnerable cases, and studies that involved drug tests and genetic analyses. The principal investigator factor included the license level of the PI and whether they belonged to our institution. The review factor included administration time, total review time, and revision (...)
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  20.  34
    Revisiting variable-value population principles.Walter Bossert, Susumu Cato & Kohei Kamaga - 2023 - Economics and Philosophy 39 (3):468-484.
    We examine a general class of variable-value population principles. Our particular focus is on the extent to which such principles can avoid the repugnant and sadistic conclusions. We show that if a mild limit property is imposed, avoidance of the repugnant conclusion implies the sadistic conclusion. This result generalizes earlier observations by showing that they apply to a substantially larger class of principles. Our second theorem states that, under the limit property, the axiom of mere addition also conflicts with avoidance (...)
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  21. Iconic variables.Philippe Schlenker, Jonathan Lamberton & Mirko Santoro - 2013 - Linguistics and Philosophy 36 (2):91-149.
    We argue that some sign language loci (i.e. positions in signing space that realize discourse referents) are both formal variables and simplified representations of what they denote; in other words, they are simultaneously logical symbols and pictorial representations. We develop a 'formal semantics with iconicity' that accounts for their dual life; the key idea ('formal iconicity') is that some geometric properties of signs must be preserved by the interpretation function. We analyze in these terms three kinds of iconic effects (...)
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  22.  13
    Variable-free semantics.Michael Böttner & Wolf Thümmel (eds.) - 2000 - Osnabrück: Secolo.
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  23.  16
    Psychological Variables Explaining the Students’ Self-Perceived Well-Being in University, During the Pandemic.Laura Nicoleta Bochiş, Karla Melinda Barth & Maria Cristina Florescu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    IntroductionIn the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Romanian universities switched to emergency relocation and online education, with students experiencing a sense of isolation, which affected their well-being, pace and normal learning style, relationships with other colleagues, and Professors. Beyond the technological obstacles that have arisen in learning, the aim of this study is to highlight the psychological variables that are associated and that explain the self-perceived well-being of students, in university, in the pandemic. The psychological variables studied were the (...)
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  24.  18
    Affective Variables and Cognitive Performances During Exercise in a Group of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Marco Guicciardi, Daniela Fadda, Rachele Fanari, Azzurra Doneddu & Antonio Crisafulli - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Previous research has documented that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment. Psychological variables were repeatedly investigated to understand why T2DM patients are poorly active, despite standards of medical care recommends performing aerobic and resistance exercise regularly and reducing the amount of time spent sitting. This exploratory study aims to investigate how affective variables as thoughts, feelings, and individuals’ stage of exercise adoption can modulate low cognitive performances during an experimental procedure based on exercise. The Exercise (...)
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  25.  45
    A Relativistic Hidden-Variable Interpretation for the Massive Vector Field Based on Energy-Momentum Flows.George Horton & Chris Dewdney - 2010 - Foundations of Physics 40 (6):658-678.
    This paper is motivated by the desire to formulate a relativistically covariant hidden-variable particle trajectory interpretation of the quantum theory of the vector field that is formulated in such a way as to allow the inclusion of gravity. We present a methodology for calculating the flows of rest energy and a conserved density for the massive vector field using the time-like eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the stress-energy-momentum tensor. Such flows may be used to define particle trajectories which follow the flow. (...)
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  26.  44
    On Some Problems of Variable Population Poverty Comparisons.Nicole Hassoun & S. Subramanian - manuscript
    This note demonstrates that the property of Replication Invariance, generally considered to be an innocuous requirement for the extension of fixed-population poverty comparisons to variable- population contexts, is incompatible with other plausible variable-population axioms in the presence of specific canonical fixed-population axioms.
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  27.  91
    Free-variable tableaux for propositional modal logics.Bernhard Beckert & Rajeev GorÉ - 2001 - Studia Logica 69 (1):59-96.
    Free-variable semantic tableaux are a well-established technique for first-order theorem proving where free variables act as a meta-linguistic device for tracking the eigenvariables used during proof search. We present the theoretical foundations to extend this technique to propositional modal logics, including non-trivial rigorous proofs of soundness and completeness, and also present various techniques that improve the efficiency of the basic naive method for such tableaux.
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  28. Using Variability to Guide Dimensional Weighting: Associative Mechanisms in Early Word Learning.Keith S. Apfelbaum & Bob McMurray - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (6):1105-1138.
    At 14 months, children appear to struggle to apply their fairly well-developed speech perception abilities to learning similar sounding words (e.g., bih/dih; Stager & Werker, 1997). However, variability in nonphonetic aspects of the training stimuli seems to aid word learning at this age. Extant theories of early word learning cannot account for this benefit of variability. We offer a simple explanation for this range of effects based on associative learning. Simulations suggest that if infants encode both noncontrastive information (e.g., cues (...)
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  29. Hidden Variables and the Two Theorems of John Bell.N. David Mermin - 1993 - Reviews of Modern Physics 65:803--815.
    Although skeptical of the prohibitive power of no-hidden-variables theorems, John Bell was himself responsible for the two most important ones. I describe some recent versions of the lesser known of the two (familiar to experts as the "Kochen-Specker theorem") which have transparently simple proofs. One of the new versions can be converted without additional analysis into a powerful form of the very much better known "Bell's Theorem," thereby clarifying the conceptual link between these two results of Bell.
     
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  30.  12
    Individual variability in cognitive control processes – does it translate to real life outcomes?Karayanidis Frini - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  31. The problem of variable choice.James Woodward - 2016 - Synthese 193 (4):1047-1072.
    This paper explores some issues about the choice of variables for causal representation and explanation. Depending on which variables a researcher employs, many causal inference procedures and many treatments of causation will reach different conclusions about which causal relationships are present in some system of interest. The assumption of this paper is that some choices of variables are superior to other choices for the purpose of causal analysis. A number of possible criteria for variable choice are described (...)
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  32. Topic Transparency and Variable Sharing in Weak Relevant Logics.Thomas Macaulay Ferguson & Shay Allen Logan - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-28.
    In this paper, we examine a number of relevant logics’ variable sharing properties from the perspective of theories of topic or subject-matter. We take cues from Franz Berto’s recent work on topic to show an alignment between families of variable sharing properties and responses to the topic transparency of relevant implication and negation. We then introduce and defend novel variable sharing properties stronger than strong depth relevance—which we call cn-relevance and lossless cn-relevance—showing that the properties are satisfied by the weak (...)
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  33.  4
    Variability in perspectives on current issues in social sciences.Daniel Bešina (ed.) - 2020 - Berlin: Peter Lang.
    This book presents a new perspective on the importance of social sciences through various studies held by the authors. The contributors to this book are researchers in the departments of Archaeology, Ethnology and Folklore, History, Culture and Tourism Management of Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra.
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  34. Mediating variable.D. P. MacKinnon - 2001 - In Neil J. Smelser & Paul B. Baltes, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier. pp. 9503--9507.
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  35.  44
    A variable-free logic for mass terms.William C. Purdy - 1992 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 33 (3):348-358.
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  36.  40
    Individual variability is not noise.Karl Zilles & Katrin Amunts - 2013 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (4):153-155.
  37. (1 other version)Variable-Binders as Functors.Achille C. Varzi - 1995 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 40:303-19.
    This work gives an extended presentation of the treatment of variable-binding operators adumbrated in [3:1993d]. Illustrative examples include elementary languages with quantifiers and lambda-equipped categorial languages. Some remarks are also offered to illustrate the philosophical import of the resulting picture. Particularly, a certain conception of logic emerges from the account: the view that logics are true theories in the model-theoretic sense, i.e. the result of selecting a certain class of models as the only “admissible” interpretation structures (for a given language).
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  38.  45
    Scientific Variables.Benjamin C. Jantzen - 2021 - Philosophies 6 (4):103.
    Despite their centrality to the scientific enterprise, both the nature of scientific variables and their relation to inductive inference remain obscure. I suggest that scientific variables should be viewed as equivalence classes of sets of physical states mapped to representations (often real numbers) in a structure preserving fashion, and argue that most scientific variables introduced to expand the degrees of freedom in terms of which we describe the world can be seen as products of an algorithmic inductive (...)
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  39.  33
    Variability in emotion regulation strategy use is negatively associated with depressive symptoms.Xiaoqin Wang, Scott D. Blain, Jie Meng, Yuan Liu & Jiang Qiu - 2021 - Cognition and Emotion 35 (2):324-340.
    Variability in the emotion regulation (ER) strategies one uses throughout daily life has been suggested to reflect adaptive ER ability and to act as a protective factor in mental health. Moreover, psychological inflexibility and persistent negative affect (or affective inertia) are key features of depression and other forms of mental illness and are often further exacerbated by rigid or overly passive regulatory behaviours. The current study investigated the hypothesis that ER variability might serve as a protective factor against depressive symptoms (...)
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  40.  28
    Encoding variability with imagery instructions in paired—associate transfer.Phillip B. Tor & Joel S. Freund - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 13 (1):12-14.
  41. The Antinomy of the Variable: A Tarskian Resolution.Bryan Pickel & Brian Rabern - 2016 - Journal of Philosophy 113 (3):137-170.
    Kit Fine has reawakened a puzzle about variables with a long history in analytic philosophy, labeling it “the antinomy of the variable”. Fine suggests that the antinomy demands a reconceptualization of the role of variables in mathematics, natural language semantics, and first-order logic. The difficulty arises because: (i) the variables ‘x’ and ‘y’ cannot be synonymous, since they make different contributions when they jointly occur within a sentence, but (ii) there is a strong temptation to say that (...)
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  42. Reinforced variability and creativity.A. Neuringer - 2003 - In Kennon A. Lattal, Behavior Theory and Philosophy. Springer.
     
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  43. Variable versus fixed-rate rule-utilitarianism.Brad Hooker & Guy Fletcher - 2008 - Philosophical Quarterly 58 (231):344–352.
    Fixed-rate versions of rule-consequentialism and rule-utilitarianism evaluate rules in terms of the expected net value of one particular level of social acceptance, but one far enough below 100% social acceptance to make salient the complexities created by partial compliance. Variable-rate versions of rule-consequentialism and rule-utilitarianism instead evaluate rules in terms of their expected net value at all different levels of social acceptance. Brad Hooker has advocated a fixed-rate version. Michael Ridge has argued that the variable-rate version is better. The debate (...)
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  44.  33
    Role of response variables in recognition and identification of complex visual forms.Harold W. Hake & Charles W. Eriksen - 1956 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 52 (4):235.
  45. Introducing Variable-Rate Rule-Utilitarianism.Michael Ridge - 2006 - Philosophical Quarterly 56 (223):242 - 253.
    The basic idea of rule-utilitarianism is that right action should be defined in terms of what would be required by rules which would maximize either actual or expected utility if those rules gained general acceptance, or perhaps general compliance. Rule-utilitarians face a dilemma. They must characterize 'general acceptance' either as 100% acceptance, or as something less. On the first horn of the dilemma, rule-utilitarianism in vulnerable to the charge of utopianism; on the second, it is open to the charge of (...)
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  46.  64
    Relational and partial variable sets and basic predicate logic.Silvio Ghilardi & Giancarlo Meloni - 1996 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (3):843-872.
    In this paper we study the logic of relational and partial variable sets, seen as a generalization of set-valued presheaves, allowing transition functions to be arbitrary relations or arbitrary partial functions. We find that such a logic is the usual intuitionistic and co-intuitionistic first order logic without Beck and Frobenius conditions relative to quantifiers along arbitrary terms. The important case of partial variable sets is axiomatizable by means of the substitutivity schema for equality. Furthermore, completeness, incompleteness and independence results are (...)
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  47.  9
    Variable obligations and enduring commands.Ishtiyaque Haji - 1995 - Sophia 34 (2):5-14.
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  48.  32
    (1 other version)Hidden Variables and Bell’s Theorem: Local or Not?Valia Allori - 2024 - Theoria. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science.
    Bell’s inequality is an empirical constrain on theories with hidden variables, which EPR argued are needed to explain observed perfect correlations if keeping locality. One way to deal with the empirical violation of Bell’s inequality is by openly embracing nonlocality, in a theory like the pilot-wave theory. Nonetheless, recent proposals have revived the possibility that one can avoid nonlocality by resorting to superdeterministic theories. These are local hidden variables theories which violate statistical independence which is one assumption of (...)
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  49.  22
    Variability of Practice, Information Processing, and Decision Making—How Much Do We Know?Stanisław H. Czyż - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Decision-making is a complex action requiring efficient information processing. Specifically, in movement in which performance efficiency depends on reaction time, e.g., open-loop controlled movements, these processes may play a crucial role. Information processing includes three distinct stages, stimulus identification, response selection, and response programming. Mainly, response selection may play a substantial contribution to the reaction time and appropriate decision making. The duration of this stage depends on the number of possible choices an individual has to “screen” to make a proper (...)
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  50.  14
    Controlling variables eliminates hemianopsia rehabilitation results.Paul Bach-Y.-Rita - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):448.
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