This paper presents remarks on the basis of Ricoeur's Hermeneutics Phenomenology. To achieve this, it begins by examining aspects of Heidegger's Phenomenology and focusing on aspects of the distinction between Structural and Hermeneutic Phenomenologies, that is, on Heidegger's and Ricoeur's conceptions of Hermeneutics founded in Phenomenology.O objetivo deste trabalho é tecer considerações sobre as bases teóricas da Fenomenologia Hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur. Para isso, partimos do esboço de alguns aspectos da Fenomenologia em Heidegger e discutimos certas faces da distinção entre (...) as concepções de Ricoeur e Heidegger quanto à fundamentação da Hermenêutica na Fenomenologia, trabalhando com a Fenomenologia Estrutural e a Fenomenologia Hermenêutica. (shrink)

This paper presents an interview carried out with Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo. Its main topic is the Philosophy of Mathematics Education. Other issues are linked to this central theme, such the interviewed’s experience in university management, the movement from her initial formation in Education till her studies in Philosophy, the creation of a recognized and well regarded PostGraduate Programm in Mathematics Education in Brazil, and the perspective of being woman and mother working in the academic world.

En este artículo reevaluamos la tesis de la relatividad lingüística tomando corno referencia la vision de la mente que Fodor ha venido ofreciendo. Partiendo de su argumento clásico a favor del lenguaje del pensamiento, veremos como el desarrollo de su tesis de la modularidad y de su mas reciente teoria psicosemántica (el atomismo informacional), permiten compatibilizar su posición con, al menos, una variedad de relatividad, la relatividad léxica. Así mismo, examinaremos su ultimo argumento en favor de la prioridad explicativa del (...) pensamiento, basado en la composicionalidad que éste exhibe, a diferencia del lenguaje.This paper reevaluates the thesis of linguistic relativity in the context of Fodor’s views on the nature of mind. We begin with Fodor’s classical argument for the language of thought, and follow the development of his ideas as he adds a general account of the structure of mind (the modulariry thesis) and a psychosemantical theory (informational atomism). Finally, we examine his most recent altempt to support the explanatory prioriry of thought, based on the compositionaliry that thought, but not language, exhibits. We argue that Fodor’s position is compatible a variety of lexical relativiry. (shrink)

The renewed interest in concepts and their role in psychological theorizing is partially motivated by Machery’s claim that concepts are so heterogeneous that they have no explanatory role. Against this, pluralism argues that there is multiplicity of different concepts for any given category, while hybridism argues that a concept is constituted by a rich common representation. This article aims to advance the understanding of the hybrid view of concepts. First, we examine the main arguments against hybrid concepts and conclude that, (...) even if not successful, they challenge hybridism to find a robust criterion for concept individuation and to show an explanatory advantage for hybrid concepts. Then we propose such a criterion of individuation, which we will call ‘functional stable coactivation’. Finally, we examine the prospects of hybridism to understand what is involved in recent approaches to categorization and meaning extraction. 1 The Heterogeneity of Conceptual Representations2 Two Challenges for Hybrid Concepts: Individuation and Explanation2.1 The coordination criterion2.2 Concepts as constituents of thoughts3 Individuating Hybrids: Functional Stable Coactivation4 The Explanatory Power of Hybrid Concepts4.1 Categorization4.2 Meaning extraction4.2.1 Linguistic comprehension and rich lexical entries4.2.2 Polysemy and hybrid concepts5 Conclusion. (shrink)

Habla pausadamente, con un cierto distanciamiento irónico. El tema es, naturalmente, su libro "Yo y tú, objetos de lujo". No afirma nada categóricamente, pero, como observador crítico de una cultura tal vez emergente, sugiere interpretaciones de la realidad muy alejadas de visiones apocalípticas o condenatorias hacia lo que viene (está ya aquí, de hecho) en la era del consumo y del ciberespacio. Y, sin embargo, me parece descubrir en él un punto de melancolía�.

Using the method of Descriptive Experience Sampling, some subjects report experiences of thinking that do not involve words or any other symbols [Hurlburt, R. T., and C. L. Heavey. 2006. Exploring Inner Experience. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; Hurlburt, R. T., and S. A. Akhter. 2008. “Unsymbolized Thinking.” Consciousness and Cognition 17 : 1364–1374]. Even though the possibility of this unsymbolized thinking has consequences for the debate on the phenomenological status of cognitive states, the phenomenon is still insufficiently examined. This paper analyzes (...) the main properties of unsymbolized thinking and advances an explanation of its origin. According to our analysis, unsymbolized thoughts appear as propositional states, that is, they are experienced as compositional conceptual phenomena, with semantic and syntactic features analogous to those of the contents of utterances. Based on this characterization, we hypothesize that UT is continuous with the activity of inner speech, in particular, it i... (shrink)

There is an ongoing debate about the meaning of lexical words, i.e., words that contribute with content to the meaning of sentences. This debate has coincided with a renewal in the study of polysemy, which has taken place in the psycholinguistics camp mainly. There is already a fruitful interbreeding between two lines of research: the theoretical study of lexical word meaning, on the one hand, and the models of polysemy psycholinguists present, on the other. In this paper I aim at (...) deepening on this ongoing interbreeding, examine what is said about polysemy, particularly in the psycholinguistics literature, and then show how what we seem to know about the representation and storage of polysemous senses affects the models that we have about lexical word meaning. (shrink)

Heras-Escribano argues against the normative character of affordances from a framework that relies on a Wittgensteinian notion of normativity and the incompatibility of direct perception, ….

Los medios digitales se caracterizan por ofrecer multitud de herramientas interactivas a la audiencia. Sin embargo, es el usuario quien decide cuál es su grado de participación y qué uso hace de ellas. En este artículo analizamos el caso de la Fórmula 1 en los cibermedios valencianos y observamos dos tipos de usuarios: usuario activo y usuario pasivo. El usuario activo prefiere participar en las noticias más polémicas y escribe comentarios, mayoritariamente, cuando no está de acuerdo con el punto de (...) vista de la información. Es decir, mantiene una actitud combativa. Por su parte, el usuario pasivo consume noticias que aborden temas más ligeros y cuando lee noticias politizadas, escoge el encuadre que le refuerza ideológicamente. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta un análisis del estado de la cuestión de la investigación para la paz desde una perspectiva filosófica. Después de considerar el papel de la violencia y repasar algunas concepciones de la guerra, revisa el surgimiento dé la llamada investigación para la paz a finales de los años 50, su posterior conexión con los estudios del desarrollo, feministas, movimientos sociales y teoría de las relaciones internacionales, su implantación en España y la situación después de la Guerra Fría. Analiza (...) el surgimiento de la cultura para la paz en los años 90 y en el nuevo milenio y el impacto del 11 de septiembre y el 11 de marzo, en el marco de una crítica a la falta de compromiso político de los países ricos para afrontar la pobreza, marginación y exclusión de los paises y colectivos empobrecidos. (shrink)

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el quehacer bioético contemporáneo e iberoamericano en el que continúa el debate abierto sobre las características de la bioética desarrollada en Iberoamérica y ofrece una razón de sus dificultades y desafíos. El objetivo es señalar la paradoja a la que se enfrenta la Bioética iberoamericana desde su particular contexto histórico, cultural y político. Esta paradoja se revela al tener que asimilar la bioética sanitaria estándar, surgida para hacer frente a problemas propios de la sociedad (...) occidental, con la finalidad de resolver problemas biosanitarios y sociales característicos de la región iberoamericana. Al objeto de explicar esta idea, se hace una breve presentación del desarrollo de la bioética contemporánea y se exponen las características de la bioética realizada en Iberoamérica como respuesta a la influencia de la bioética denominada estándar. It was carried out a bibliographic revision about the Iberoamerican contemporary bioethics tasks, in which the open debate about the characteristics of the bioethics developed in Iberoamerican offers a reason of its dificulties and challenges. The objective is to point out the paradox Iberoamerican bioethics faces since its own historical, cultural and political context. This paradox is reveleaded while having to assimilate the standard sanitary bioethics, risen with the aim to solve biosanitary and social problems typical of the wastern region. In order to explain this idea, it is made a brief presentation of the contemporary bioethics development and were exposed the characteistics of the bioethics carried out in Iberoamerica as and answer to the influence of the bioethics caled standard. (shrink)

Los intelectuales del liberal-conservadurismo argentino fueron protagonistas centrales de diversos fenómenos propios de los años extendidos entre el golpe de Estado de 1955 y el final de la última dictadura, el "Proceso de Reorganización Nacional" (PRN), en 1983. Fue precisamente en torno del último gobierno de facto que estos actores articularon profusas líneas de acción en diversos planos políticos, sociales, culturales y económicos que profundizaron ejes ya presentes en su ideario y accionar desde los años de la "Revolución Libertadora". En (...) este artículo, entonces, y tras presentar una aproximación a los conceptos de intelectual y liberal-conservadurismo, nos concentraremos en la trayectoria y las ideas de Ricardo Zinn. En el primero de los tópicos, partiremos del rol jugado por el nucleamiento del que formó parte, el grupo Azcuénaga, para luego dar cuenta de su biografía. En el segundo, relevaremos su concepción decadentista de la historia argentina, y el rol del PRN como punto de quiebre de tal ciclo y posibilidad de reconstrucción de una democracia de carácter elitista. (shrink)

This paper presents a logical Style painting classifier based on evaluated Horn clauses, qualitative colour descriptors and Explanations. Three versions of $\ell $-SHE are defined, using rational Pavelka logic, and expansions of Gödel logic and product logic with rational constants: RPL, $G$ and $\sqcap $, respectively. We introduce a fuzzy representation of the more representative colour traits for the Baroque, the Impressionism and the Post-Impressionism art styles. The $\ell $-SHE algorithm has been implemented in Swi-Prolog and tested on 90 paintings (...) of the QArt-Dataset and on 247 paintings of the Paintings-91-PIB dataset. The percentages of accuracy obtained in the QArt-Dataset for each $\ell $-SHE version are 73.3%, 65.6% $) and 68.9% $). Regarding the Paintings-91-PIB dataset, the percentages of accuracy obtained for each $\ell $-SHE version are 60.2%, 48.2% $) and 57.0% $). Our logic definition for the Baroque style has obtained the highest accuracy in both datasets, for all the $\ell $-SHE versions. An important feature of the classifier is that it provides reasons regarding why a painting belongs to a certain style. The classifier also provides reasons about why outliers of one art style may belong to another art style, giving a second classification option depending on its membership degrees to these styles. (shrink)

We very often discover ourselves engaged in inner speech. It seems that this kind of silent, private, speech fulfils some role in our cognition, most probably related to conscious thinking. Yet, the study of inner speech has been neglected by philosophy and psychology alike for many years. However, things seem to have changed in the last two decades. Here we review some of the most influential accounts about the phenomenology and the functions of inner speech, as well as the methodological (...) problems that affect its study. (shrink)

In this paper we address the question of what determines the content of our conscious episodes of thinking, considering recent claims that phenomenal character individuates thought contents. We present one prominent way for defenders of phenomenal intentionality to develop that view and then examine ‘sensory inner speech views’, which provide an alternative way of accounting for thought-content determinacy. We argue that such views fare well with inner speech thinking but have problems accounting for unsymbolized thinking. Within this dialectic, we present (...) an account of the nature of unsymbolized thinking that accords with and can be seen as a continuation of the activity of inner speech, while offering a way of explaining thought-content determinacy in terms of linguistic structures and representations. (shrink)

Physicalism is the claim that that there is nothing in the world but the physical. Philosophers who defend physicalism have to confront a well-known dilemma, known as Hempel’s dilemma, concerning the definition of ‘the physical’: if ‘the physical’ is whatever current physics says there is, then physicalism is most probably false; but if ‘the physical’ is whatever the true theory of physics would say that there is, we have that physicalism is vacuous and runs the risk of becoming trivial. This (...) article has two parts. The first, negative, part is devoted to developing a criticism of the so-called via negativa response to Hempel’s dilemma. In the second, more substantial, part, I propose to take the first horn of Hempel’s dilemma. However, I argue for a broad construal of ‘current physics’ and characterize ‘the physical’ accordingly. The virtues of the broad characterization of ‘the physical’ are: first, it makes physicalism less likely to be false; and second, it ties our understanding of ‘the physical’ to the reasons we have for believing in physicalism. That is, it fulfills the desideratum of construing our theses according to the reasons we have to believe in them. (shrink)

Charles Travis has been forcefully arguing that meaning does not determine truth-conditions for more than two decades now. To this end, he has devised ingenious examples whereby different utterances of the same prima facie non-ambiguous and non-indexical expression type have different truth-conditions depending on the occasion on which they are delivered. However, Travis does not argue that meaning varies with circumstances; only that truth-conditions do. He assumes that meaning is a stable feature of both words and sentences. After surveying some (...) of the explanations that semanticists and pragmaticians have produced in order to account for Travis cases, I propose a view which differs substantially from all of them. I argue that the variability in the truth-conditions that an utterance type can have is due to meaning facts alone. To support my argument, I suggest that we think about the meanings of words (in particular, the meanings of nouns) as rich conceptual structures; so rich that the way in which a property concept applies to an object concept is not determined. (shrink)

El siguiente texto busca hallar pistas bibliográficas y conceptuales, que permitan generar consideraciones preliminares para una correcta entrada a la lectura del texto de Martin Heidegger ¿Qué significa pensar? de los años 1951-1952. El avance hacia dichas clases, impartidas por el autor en la Universidad de Friburgo de Brisgovia, será conducido por tres modalidades del pensamiento que permiten una aproximación al pensar: Gelassenheit, Einfache y Kuinzige. Algunas preguntas que se abordan guardan relación con las interrogantes ¿qué es pensar? ¿qué es (...) el sentido? ¿qué es la serenidad? Estos análisis requieren de la exploración en otras fuentes bibliográficas para pesquisar giros interpretativos que Heidegger acuña con determinados términos. Las fuentes anexas serán: Ciencia y meditación (1954), Ser y Tiempo (1927), Seminario de Le Thor (1969), Carta sobre el Humanismo (1947) y los análisis del filósofo François Fédier que realiza en su libro Voz del amigo y otros ensayos en torno a Heidegger (2017) Con esta primera base se propone la primera hipótesis de estudio: en términos ontológicos, pensar es meditar. Palabras clave: Heidegger, pensar, gelassenheit, kuinzige, sentido. (shrink)

Chow's monograph exhibits four prototypical symptoms of psychology's enduring scientific crisis: it equates empirical science with statistical analysis; it settles for qualitative rather than quantitative theories; it ignores the role of ecological validity in the generalizability of theories; and it puts rigid adherence to arbitrary but documentable rules over critical thinking about the meaning of results.

: This article describes a psychological test of Hull's (1988) theory of science as an evolutionary process by seeing if it can account for how scientists sometimes remember and cite the scientific literature. The conceptual adequacy of Hull's theory was evaluated by comparing it to Bartlett's (1932) seminal theory of human remembering. Bartlett found that remembering is an active, reconstructive process driven by a schema that biases recall in the direction of proto- typicality and personal involvement. This account supports Hull's (...) theory of science because it shows that the characteristics of reconstructive remembering are consistent with the generic properties of an evolutionary process. The empirical adequacy of Hull's theory was evaluated by comparing the predictions made from this evolutionary viewpoint against evidence from the history of science. Six cases studies of well-known psychological experiments that had been subject to repeated miscitation errors were collected and reviewed. All six case studies revealed a systematic pattern of distortions that is consistent with the schema-induced biases of reconstructive remembering. These findings support Hull's claim that science is an evolutionary process with scientists as interactors, scientific beliefs as replicators, and schemata as means for that replication. (shrink)

Classificado pelo pensamento político contemporâneo como novidade singular na história da humanidade e considerado como exemplo emblemático da erosão do político, o fenômeno totalitário provocou polêmicas em relação aos termos utilizados no processo da sua compreensão. Por exemplo, quando se afirmou que o seu objetivo supremo era “transformar a natureza humana”, essa expressão causou ruído desconfortável aos ouvidos daqueles que, sintonizados à tradição metafísica, sempre definiram a natureza humana como uma essência imutável. Este artigo discute e aponta o significado e (...) o alcance dessa expressão no pensamento político contemporâneo, desmistificando-a da sua origem metafísica. (shrink)

According to an increasing number of authors, the best, if not the only, argument in favour of physicalism is the so-called 'overdetermination argument'. This argument, if sound, establishes that all the entities that enter into causal interactions with the physical world are physical. One key premise in the overdetermination argument is the principle of the causal closure of the physical world, said to be supported by contemporary physics. In this paper, I examine various ways in which physics may support the (...) principle, either as a methodological guide or as depending on some other laws and principles of physics. (shrink)

Recently, many philosophers and psychologists have claimed that the explanation that grounds both passivity phenomena in the cognitive domain and passivity phenomena that occur with respect to overt actions is, along broad lines, the same. Furthermore, they claim that the best account we have of such phenomena in both scenarios is the “comparator” account. However, there are reasons to doubt whether the comparator model can be exported from the realm of overt actions to the cognitive domain in general. There is (...) a lingering worry concerning such explanations of thought insertion: the "What is compared to what?" problem. Here I examine two ways to tackle this problem. First: thought insertion consists of the misattribution of strings of inner speech which are not attenuated (thought insertion is thus another name for auditory verbal hallucinations). Second: thought insertion is misattributed inner speech which exhibits the same phenomenological characteristics as normal inner speech. After explaining the types of problem that each of these potential solutions faces, I conclude with a set of open questions that the comparator theorist has to tackle. (shrink)

Sanciona este trabajo la confusión cayetanista en la inspección del actus essendi como esse actualis existentiae, defendiendo el valor del esse desde una recta lectura a propósito de la división capreolista, más ajustada al dictado del Aquinate: ser formal como complementum substantiae y esse como complementum suppositi. El esse recobra la dignidad metafísica que le otorga Aquino, más densa que el simple valor de existencia, con la diferenciación de una vertiente de composición sustancial y una línea de composición entitativa en (...) la que el esse adquiere relevancia como actus essendi asimilativo, plegados a tal fórmula actus informandi simpliciter y actus subsistendi. (shrink)