Uncontrollable anger is common following an acquired brain injury, with impaired emotion regulation being one of the main contributors. Existing psychological interventions appear moderately effective, though studies typically include limitations such as small sample sizes, issues of long-term efficacy, and standardization of content. While ER has been a popular research field, the study of ER for anger management after ABI is less well investigated, and contains few interventions based on the widely used Process Model of ER. This review surveys the (...) efficacy of ER strategies in individuals with ABI, and proposes a novel research design for future interventions. Recommendations are made about: strategy number and type, shared decision-making, approaches to data analysis, and mode of delivery. (shrink)

It is argued that “human-centredness” will be an important characteristic of systems that learn tasks from human users, as the difficulties in inductive inference rule out learning without human assistance. The aim of “programming by example” is to create systems that learn how to perform tasks from their human users by being shown examples of what is to be done. Just as the user creates a learning environment for the system, so the system provides a teaching opportunity for the user, (...) and emphasis is placed as much on facilitating successful teaching as on incorporating techniques of machine learning. If systems can “learn” repetitive tasks, their users will have the power to decide for themselves which parts of their jobs should be automated, and teach the system how to do them — reducing their dependence on intermediaries such as system designers and programmers.This paper presents principles for programming by example derived from experience in creating four prototype learners: for technical drawing, text editing, office tasks, and robot assembly. A teaching metaphor (a) enables the user to demonstrate a task by performing it manually, (b) helps to explain the learner's limited capabilities in terms of a persona, and (c) allows users to attribute intentionality. Tasks are represented procedurally, and augmented with constraints. Suitable mechanisms for attention focusing are necessary in order to control inductive search. Hidden features of a task should be made explicit so that the learner need not embark on the huge search entailed by hypothesizing missing steps. (shrink)

Wikipedia is a goldmine of information; not just for its many readers, but also for the growing community of researchers who recognize it as a resource of exceptional scale and utility. It represents a vast investment of manual effort and judgment: a huge, constantly evolving tapestry of concepts and relations that is being applied to a host of tasks. This article provides a comprehensive description of this work. It focuses on research that extracts and makes use of the concepts, relations, (...) facts and descriptions found in Wikipedia, and organizes the work into four broad categories: applying Wikipedia to natural language processing; using it to facilitate information retrieval and information extraction; and as a resource for ontology building. The article addresses how Wikipedia is being used as is, how it is being improved and adapted, and how it is being combined with other structures to create entirely new resources. We identify the research groups and individuals involved, and how their work has developed in the last few years. We provide a comprehensive list of the open-source software they have produced. (shrink)

This book describes Carmeli's cosmological general and special relativity theory, along with Einstein's general and special relativity. These theories are discussed in the context of Moshe Carmeli's original research, in which velocity is introduced as an additional independent dimension. Four- and five-dimensional spaces are considered, and the five-dimensional braneworld theory is presented. The Tully-Fisher law is obtained directly from the theory, and thus it is found that there is no necessity to assume the existence of dark matter in the halo (...) of galaxies, nor in galaxy clusters.The book gives the derivation of the Lorentz transformation, which is used in both Einstein's special relativity and Carmeli's cosmological special relativity theory. The text also provides the mathematical theory of curved space?time geometry, which is necessary to describe both Einstein's general relativity and Carmeli's cosmological general relativity. A comparison between the dynamical and kinematic aspects of the expansion of the universe is made. Comparison is also made between the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker theory and the Carmeli theory. And neither is it necessary to assume the existence of dark matter to correctly describe the expansion of the cosmos. (shrink)

We review the equivalence of the two-flavor Skyrme-Witten model and the two-flavor large-N c quark model. The claimed equivalence for three flavorsbetween these two models is shown to be incorrectly given in the literature, and the properly equivalent extended three-flavor large-N c quark model is constructed and discussed.

‘Dogwhistle’ refers to a kind of political manipulation that some people carry out for political gains. According to Saul (2018), dogwhistles can be either intentional or unintentional depending on whether the speaker carried out the dogwhistle deliberately or not —although one cannot always recognize whether a particular case was intentional. In addition to being intentional or not, dogwhistles can also be overt or covert depending on whether the audience is aware or not of the dogwhistle. In the case of overt (...) dogwhistles, the speaker addresses a message to an audience with two possible interpretations. One of these is coded and affects only a subset the audience (Witten 2014). Covert dogwhistles, on the other hand, are not really about sending a “coded message.” Instead, they raise attitudes to salience, so people will act on them without realizing they are being moved on them. As Stanley (2015) points out, these kinds of dogwhistles work as a strategy for undermining democratic ideals without immediate rejection. Our key question is whether covert dogwhistles constitute a special form of implicit communication or whether they can be reduced to already existing forms of implicit communication such as presuppositions or implicatures. We will focus on covert dogwhistles because they seem more difficult to accommodate within the traditional categories of presuppositions and implicatures. To carry out this task, we compare the features of each of the mentioned phenomena and analyse how they behave in the face of retraction. (shrink)

Background Teaching ethical competencies is an essential component of professional and postgraduate curricula. Developing practical–ethical problem-solving competencies as well as appraising program-specific studies and related research ethics are topics typically addressed. However, assessment of these ethical competencies poses a challenge. Written or oral assessment formats addressing relevant learning objectives is mainly limited to knowledge testing alone, often not capturing relevant skills or attitudes pertinent to those competencies. Aim During the reaccreditation of the masters of science program in Nursing Science at (...) Witten/Herdecke University, this challenge was addressed by implementation of an innovative examination format for postgraduate education. Procedure For the module “Ethics in nursing practice and research” a format based on the Objective Structured Clinical Examination format was developed. This assessment method incorporates evaluation of acquired skills and attitudes of nursing students. Conclusion The article demonstrates development and adaption of the OSCE format for this purpose. (shrink)

Topology change is discussed as a barrier penetration process and illustrated by explicit calculations in Witten's Kaluza-Klein bubble geometry. Initial values are given for other bubble geometries, including ones with negative total mass.

This paper studies the properties and performance of models for estimating local probability distributions which are used as components of larger probabilistic systems — history-based generative parsing models. We report experimental results showing that memory-based learning outperforms many commonly used methods for this task (Witten-Bell, Jelinek-Mercer with fixed weights, decision trees, and log-linear models). However, we can connect these results with the commonly used general class of deleted interpolation models by showing that certain types of memory-based learning, including the (...) kind that performed so well in our experiments, are instances of this class. In addition, we illustrate the divergences between joint and conditional data likelihood and accuracy performance achieved by such models, suggesting that smoothing based on optimizing accuracy directError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMapError: Illegal entry in bfrange block in ToUnicode CMaply might greatly improve performance. (shrink)

In diesem Buch geht es um die Bedeutung der Gabe im Gegensatz zum Tausch, mit dem sie gleichwohl verflochten ist. In der einen, der Welt der überreichen ethnologischen, anthropologischen, kulturwissenschaftlichen und -soziologischen Literatur wimmelt es von Gaben, die in der anderen, der Welt der ökonomischen und Rational-Choice-theoretischen Literatur, nicht gesehen, bestritten, unsichtbar gemacht und vielmehr mit Tausch gleichgesetzt werden. In beiden kommen Gaben in Organisationen kaum vor, in der einen, weil man dort Gaben inmitten der Wirtschaft, der Unternehmen, der Organisationen (...) kaum Aufmerksamkeit widmet (obwohl gerade das im Sinne Marcel Mauss' gewesen wäre), in der anderen, weil sie da ein Geben jenseits eines do ut des überhaupt nicht wahrhaben können und wollen. Sonstige Ingredienzien unter anderem: Eine scharfe Kritik der Gabentheorie Bourdieus, eine Erörterung der Missachtung der Gabe bei Luhmann, Konsequenzen für die Organisations- und die Unternehmungstheorie und ein paar launige kleine Stücke zu Weihnachts- und zu Festschriftgaben. Der Autor Dr. Dr. h.c. Günther Ortmann ist ehem. Professor für Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Hamburg, zuletzt Professor für Führung an der Universität Witten Herdecke. (shrink)

Autor de vasta e rigorosa obra de investigação histórico-filosófica, Domingos Maurício participou no corpo incial dos redactores da. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, cabendo-lhe a autoria do texto programático de abertura da publicação, em 1945. Como investigador, as directrizes de trabalho que Domingos Maurício prosseguia ligavam--se, em parcela significativa, àquelas que viriam a ser definidas e executadas pela própria Revista, daí resultando o interesse de uma análise em termos de recíproca aproximação, para efeitos deste estudo. A recuperação do prestígio intelectual dos (...) Inacianos, e a revisão crítica do processo que engendrara a lenda denegridora da Companhia de Jesus no nosso País; a valorização da Metafísica cristá e da Teologia de inspiração tomista; a demonstração da grande densidade filosófica do Curso Conimbricense, e da valia do labor especulativo de luminares do Pensamento moderno, como Pedro da Fonseca, Franciso Suárez e Luís de Molina; o mérito e projecção cultural da Universidade de Éevora e do Colégio das Artes de Coimbra, durante a administração jesuíta, tais eram as metas e os temas de um vasto programa que Domingos Maurício empreendera. A única via possível para realizar esse vasto programa foi a da objectividade da investigação histórica, da erudição verdadeiramente rigorosa, da crítica exigente. A realização destes objectivos constitui, a nosso ver, o grande merito historiográfico de Domingos Maurício, e isso lhe conquistou um lugar ímpar na História da Filosofia e na História das Ideias em Portugal. /// Auteur d'une vaste et rigoureux travail de recherche histoire-philosophique, Domingos Maurício étail menibre du groupe initial des redacteurs de la Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, et fut l'auteur du texle-programme lors de l'apparilion de la publication en 1945. Coirune chcrchcur, les lignes directrices du travail de Domingos Maurício croisent de façon significative celles qui en viendraient à l'être définies et mises en pratique par la Revue même: il en résulte un net intérét pour une analyse en tennes d'approchc réciproque en vue de cette étude. La récuperation du prestige intellecluel des disciples de S. Ignacc et la révision critique du procès qu'avait provoqué la légende dénigranl la Compagnie de Jésus dans noire pays: la valorisation de la Métaphysique chrétienne el de la théologie d'inspiralion thomiste; la démonstration de la grande densite philosophique du "Cursus Conimbricensis", et la qualité du travail spéculatif des flambeaux de la pensée moderne, comme Pedro da Fonseca, Francisco Suárez et Luis de Molina; le mérite de la projection culturelle de l'Université d'Évora et du College des Arts de Coimbra durant radministration jésuite, tels étaient les buls el les thèmes d'un vaste programme que Domingos Maurício avait entrepris. L'unique voie possible pour réaliser ce vaste programme ful celle de l'objectivité de la recherche historique, de l'érudition vraiment rigoureuse, de la critique exigente; la réalisation de ces objectifs consume, à notre avis, le grand mérite historiographique de Domingos Maurício, ce qui lui valut une place sans égal dans la Philosophic et l'Histoire des Idées au Portugal. /// Author of many works in the history of philosophy, Domingos Maurício belong the original editorial team responsable for the publication of the Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia; in fact, the opening text of the first issue of the review (1945) was witten by him. The direction taken in his research can be seen in the issues of the Revista: the recuperation of the intelectual prestige of the Inacians and a critical account of the process by which a negative history of the Society of Jesus was produced in our country; the valorization of Christian Metaphysics and Thomistic theology; the demonstration of the philosophical worth of the "Curso Conimbricense", and the value of authors such as Pedro da Fonseca, Francisco Suárez, and Luis de Molina; the cultural importance of the Universidade de Évora and the Colégio das Artes in Coimbra under the administration of the Jesuits. (shrink)

We present the Dirac and Laplacian operators on Clifford bundles over space–time, associated to metric compatible linear connections of Cartan–Weyl, with trace-torsion, Q. In the case of nondegenerate metrics, we obtain a theory of generalized Brownian motions whose drift is the metric conjugate of Q. We give the constitutive equations for Q. We find that it contains Maxwell’s equations, characterized by two potentials, an harmonic one which has a zero field (Bohm-Aharonov potential) and a coexact term that generalizes the Hertz (...) potential of Maxwell’s equations in Minkowski space.We develop the theory of the Hertz potential for a general Riemannian manifold. We study the invariant state for the theory, and determine the decomposition of Q in this state which has an invariant Born measure. In addition to the logarithmic potential derivative term, we have the previous Maxwellian potentials normalized by the invariant density. We characterize the time-evolution irreversibility of the Brownian motions generated by the Cartan–Weyl laplacians, in terms of these normalized Maxwell’s potentials. We prove the equivalence of the sourceless Maxwell equation on Minkowski space, and the Dirac-Hestenes equation for a Dirac-Hestenes spinor field written on Minkowski space provided with a Cartan–Weyl connection. If Q is characterized by the invariant state of the diffusion process generated on Euclidean space, then the Maxwell’s potentials appearing in Q can be seen alternatively as derived from the internal rotational degrees of freedom of the Dirac-Hestenes spinor field, yet the equivalence between Maxwell’s equation and Dirac-Hestenes equations is valid if we have that these potentials have only two components corresponding to the spin-plane. We present Lorentz-invariant diffusion representations for the Cartan–Weyl connections that sustain the equivalence of these equations, and furthermore, the diffusion of differential forms along these Brownian motions. We prove that the construction of the relativistic Brownian motion theory for the flat Minkowski metric, follows from the choices of the degenerate Clifford structure and the Oron and Horwitz relativistic Gaussian, instead of the Euclidean structure and the orthogonal invariant Gaussian. We further indicate the random Poincaré–Cartan invariants of phase-space provided with the canonical symplectic structure. We introduce the energy-form of the exact terms of Q and derive the relativistic quantum potential from the groundstate representation. We derive the field equations corresponding to these exact terms from an average on the invariant state Cartan scalar curvature, and find that the quantum potential can be identified with 1 / 12R(g), where R(g) is the metric scalar curvature. We establish a link between an anisotropic noise tensor and the genesis of a gravitational field in terms of the generalized Brownian motions. Thus, when we have a nontrivial curvature, we can identify the quantum nonlocal correlations with the gravitational field. We discuss the relations of this work with the heat kernel approach in quantum gravity. We finally present for the case of Q restricted to this exact term a supersymmetric system, in the classical sense due to E.Witten, and discuss the possible extensions to include the electromagnetic potential terms of Q. (shrink)

Dieser Beitrag nimmt als Ausganspunkt die gegenwärtige kontroverse Debatte um den adäquaten Erklärungsansatz in der Kognitionswissenschaft, und zwar zwischen Enaktivisten einerseits und Repräsentationalisten andererseits. Beispielhaft wurde aufgezeigt, dass in Bezug auf die soziale Kognition der enaktivistische Ansatz eine Voraussetzung machen muss, die er mit seinen eigenen Mitteln nicht einzufangen in der Lage ist. Denn der Versuch, das Verstehen des Anderen durch gemeinsame Sinnstiftung der Akteure innerhalb ihrer sozialen Interaktion zu erklären, gerät in einen Zirkel, da nicht erklärt wird, wie die (...) Kopplung und damit der Prozess der sozialen Interaktion allererst zustande kommen kann. Als Lösung dieses Problems wird eine repräsentationalistische Analyse der vorausgesetzten Fähigkeit, andere als potentielle Kooperationspartner anzusehen, entwickelt, und zwar mit den Mitteln von Millikans Teleosemantik. Diese Theorie aus dem Kontext der Debatte um die Naturalisierung mentaler Repräsentationen liefert mit den PP Repräsentationen den adäquaten Begriff, um sowohl verkörperte, handlungsorientierte Repräsentationen zur Analyse von Affordanzen, als auch verkörperte interaktionsorientierte Repräsentationen zur Analyse sozialer Affordanzen zu entwickeln. Dies erlaubt die Annahme einer zentralen Funktion für die soziale Wahrnehmung, die den blinden Fleck des enaktivistischen Ansatzes ausfüllen kann. Zugleich demonstriert diese Analyse der sozialen Wahrnehmung die explanatorische Überlegenheit (minimal) repräsentationalistischer Erklärungen gegenüber rein enaktivistischen Alternativen. (shrink)