Results for 'amyloid-β peptide'

181 found
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  1.  11
    Physiological and pathological interrelationships of amyloid β peptide and the amyloid precursor protein.Andrew J. Larner - 1995 - Bioessays 17 (9):819-824.
    Amyloid β peptide (βA4) accumulates as plaques in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, and may contribute to the cognitive decline that is a feature of these diseases. βA4 is a normal product of cell metabolism, derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), but the biological functions of these molecules are not fully known. A hypothetical, descriptive model of the biological interrelationships between βA4 and APP is presented. APPS, the soluble form of APP, (...)
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  2.  21
    Binding of amyloid peptides to domain‐swapped dimers of other amyloid‐forming proteins may prevent their neurotoxicity.Ajda Taler-Verčič & Eva Žerovnik - 2010 - Bioessays 32 (12):1020-1024.
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  3.  81
    NF-B mediates amyloid beta peptide-stimulated activity of the human apolipoprotein E gene promoter in human astroglial cells.Y. Du, X. Chen, X. Wei, K. R. Bales, D. T. Berg, S. M. Paul, M. R. Farlow, B. Maloney, Y. W. Ge & D. K. Lahiri - 2005 - Brain Res Mol Brain Res 136:177-88.
    The apolipoprotein E gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease , and amyloid plaque comprised mostly of the amyloid-beta peptide ) is one of the major hallmarks of AD. However, the relationship between these two important molecules is poorly understood. We examined how A treatment affects APOE expression in cultured cells and tested the role of the transcription factor NF-B in APOE gene regulation. To delineate NF-B's role, we have characterized a 1098 nucleotide (...)
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  4.  16
    Amyloid fibrils act as a reservoir of soluble oligomers, the main culprits in protein deposition diseases.Alessandra Bigi, Roberta Cascella, Fabrizio Chiti & Cristina Cecchi - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (11):2200086.
    Amyloid fibril formation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Transient prefibrillar oligomers forming during the aggregation process, exhibiting a small size and a large hydrophobic surface, can aberrantly interact with a number of molecular targets on neurons, including the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes, resulting in a fatal outcome for the cells. By contrast, the mature fibrils, despite presenting generally a high hydrophobic surface, are endowed with a (...)
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  5.  27
    Taking down the unindicted co-conspirators of amyloid beta-peptide-mediated neuronal death: shared gene regulation of BACE1 and APP genes interacting with CREB, Fe65 and YY1 transcription factors. [REVIEW]D. K. Lahiri, Y. W. Ge, J. T. Rogers, K. Sambamurti, N. H. Greig & B. Maloney - 2006 - Curr Alzheimer Res 3:475-83.
    Major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include brain deposition of the amyloid-beta peptide , which is proteolytically cleaved from a large Abeta precursor protein by beta and gamma- secretases. A transmembrane aspartyl protease, beta-APP cleaving enzyme , has been recognized as the beta-secretase. We review the structure and function of the BACE1 protein, and of 4129 bp of the 5'-flanking region sequence of the BACE1 gene and its interaction with various transcription factors involved in cell signaling. The promoter region (...)
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  6.  34
    Dual roles for autophagy: Degradation and secretion of Alzheimer's disease Aβ peptide.Per Nilsson & Takaomi C. Saido - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (6):570-578.
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation as a key characteristic. Autophagy, which is dysregulated in AD, participates in the metabolism of Aβ. Unexpectedly, we recently found that autophagy, in addition to its degradative function, also mediates the secretion of Aβ. This finding adds Aβ to an increasing number of biomolecules, the secretion of which is mediated by autophagy. We also showed that inhibition of Aβ secretion through genetic deletion of autophagy leads (...)
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  7. Alzheimer vaccine: amyloid‐β on trial.Stephen R. Robinson, Glenda M. Bishop & Gerald Münch - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (3):283-288.
    A new therapeutic approach is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This approach involves the deliberate induction of an autoimmune response to amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide, the constituent of neuritic plaques that is thought to cause the neurodegeneration and dementia in AD. If this approach is to be effective, antibodies must be produced that can selectively target the toxic forms of Aβ, while leaving the functionally‐relevant forms of Aβ and its precursor protein untouched. Furthermore, an approach (...)
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  8.  22
    The pathogenesis of maturity‐onset diabetes mellitus: Is there a link to islet amyloid polypeptide?Per Westermark & Kenneth H. Johnson - 1988 - Bioessays 9 (1):30-33.
    The discovery of a novel polypeptide (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide: IAPP) isolated from human and cat islet amyloid and from amyloid of a human insulinoma is reviewed. Structurally, IAPP from the human and cat resembles calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). The structural similarities between the neuropeptide CGRP and IAPP support the premise that IAPP is hormonal in nature. Our immunohistochemical studies also indicate that normal islet B‐cells of several mammalian species (including man and cat) give strong immunoreactivity with (...)
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  9.  24
    PuF, an antimetastatic and developmental signaling protein, interacts with the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta precursor protein via a tissue-specific proximal regulatory element.D. K. Lahiri, B. Maloney, J. T. Rogers & Y. W. Ge - 2013 - Bmc Genomics 14:68.
    BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is intimately tied to amyloid-beta peptide. Extraneuronal brain plaques consisting primarily of Abeta aggregates are a hallmark of AD. Intraneuronal Abeta subunits are strongly implicated in disease progression. Protein sequence mutations of the Abeta precursor protein account for a small proportion of AD cases, suggesting that regulation of the associated gene may play a more important role in AD etiology. The APP promoter possesses a novel 30 nucleotide sequence, or "proximal regulatory element" , at -76/-47, (...)
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  10.  44
    A new molecular explanation for age‐related neurodegeneration: The Tyr682 residue of amyloid precursor protein.Carmela Matrone - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (10):847-852.
    Emerging evidence supports the role for the intracellular domains of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the physiology and function of APP. In this short report, I discuss the hypothesis that mutation of Tyr682 on the Y682ENPTY687 C‐terminal motif of APP may be directly or indirectly associated with alterations in APP functioning and activity, leading to neuronal defects and deficits. Mutation of Tyr682 induces an early and progressive age‐dependent cognitive and locomotor decline that is associated with a loss of synaptic (...)
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  11.  15
    Far from Inert: Membrane Lipids Possess Intrinsic Reactivity That Has Consequences for Cell Biology.John M. Sanderson - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (3):1900147.
    In this article, it is hypothesized that a fundamental chemical reactivity exists between some non‐lipid constituents of cellular membranes and ester‐based lipids, the significance of which is not generally recognized. Many peptides and smaller organic molecules have now been shown to undergo lipidation reactions in model membranes in circumstances where direct reaction with the lipid is the only viable route for acyl transfer. Crucially, drugs like propranolol are lipidated in vivo with product profiles that are comparable to those produced in (...)
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  12.  21
    The underestimated potential of the immune system in prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology.M. Hasan Mohajeri - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (9):927-932.
    Genetic and environmental factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) converge in a pathogenic pathway that leads to the accumulation of mis‐folded amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Removal of Aβ from the brain has thus been the focus of academic and industrial research in the last decade. The concept of immunization therapy could be proven in animal models mimicking amyloid pathology but a multicenter clinical trial in which AD patients were vaccinated with aggregated Aβ has resulted in (...)
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  13.  17
    Presenilin mutations and calcium signaling defects in the nervous and immune systems.Mark P. Mattson, Sic L. Chan & Simonetta Camandola - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (8):733-744.
    Presenilin‐1 (PS1) is thought to regulate cell differentiation and survival by modulating the Notch signaling pathway. Mutations in PS1 have been shown to cause early‐onset inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by a gain‐of‐function mechanism that alters proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in increased production of neurotoxic forms of amyloid β‐peptide. The present article considers a second pathogenic mode of action of PS1 mutations, a defect in cellular calcium signaling characterized by overfilling of (...)
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  14.  24
    Significance of transcytosis in Alzheimer's disease: BACE1 takes the scenic route to axons.Virginie Buggia-Prévot & Gopal Thinakaran - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (8):888-898.
    Neurons have developed elaborate mechanisms for sorting of proteins to their destination in dendrites and axons as well as dynamic local trafficking. Recent evidence suggests that polarized axonal sorting of β‐site converting enzyme 1 (BACE1), a type I transmembrane aspartyl protease involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, entails an unusual journey. In hippocampal neurons, BACE1 internalized from dendrites is conveyed in recycling endosomes via unidirectional retrograde transport towards the soma and sorted to axons where BACE1 becomes enriched. In comparison to (...)
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  15.  27
    Co-localization and distribution of cerebral APP and SP1 and its relationship to amyloidogenesis.B. Brock, R. Basha, K. DiPalma, A. Anderson, G. J. Harry, D. C. Rice, B. Maloney, D. K. Lahiri & N. H. Zawia - 2008 - J Alzheimers Dis 13:71-80.
    Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta peptide -loaded plaques in the brain. Abeta is a cleavage fragment of amyloid-beta protein precursor and over production of APP may lead to amyloidogenesis. The regulatory region of the APP gene contains consensus sites recognized by the transcription factor, specificity protein 1 , which has been shown to be required for the regulation of APP and Abeta. To understand the role of SP1 in APP biogenesis, herein we have characterized the relative (...)
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  16.  65
    Lifespan profiles of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes and products in monkeys and mice.R. Dosunmu, J. Wu, L. Adwan, B. Maloney, M. R. Basha, C. A. McPherson, G. J. Harry, D. C. Rice, N. H. Zawia & D. K. Lahiri - 2009 - J Alzheimers Dis 18:211-30.
    Alzheimer's disease is characterized by plaques of amyloid-beta peptide, cleaved from amyloid-beta protein precursor . Our hypothesis is that lifespan profiles of AD-associated mRNA and protein levels in monkeys would differ from mice and that differential lifespan expression profiles would be useful to understand human AD pathogenesis. We compared profiles of AbetaPP mRNA, AbetaPP protein, and Abeta levels in rodents and primates. We also tracked a transcriptional regulator of the AbetaPP gene, specificity protein 1 , and the (...)
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  17.  23
    Autism, Alzheimer disease, and fragile X: APP, FMRP, and mGluR5 are molecular links.D. K. Sokol, B. Maloney, J. M. Long, B. Ray & D. K. Lahiri - 2011 - Neurology 76:1344-52.
    The present review highlights an association between autism, Alzheimer disease , and fragile X syndrome . We propose a conceptual framework involving the amyloid-beta peptide , Abeta precursor protein , and fragile X mental retardation protein based on experimental evidence. The anabolic effect of the secreted alpha form of the amyloid-beta precursor protein may contribute to the state of brain overgrowth implicated in autism and FXS. Our previous report demonstrated that higher plasma sAPPalpha levels associate with more (...)
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  18.  33
    Lessons from a BACE1 inhibitor trial: off-site but not off base.D. K. Lahiri, B. Maloney, J. M. Long & N. H. Greig - 2014 - Alzheimers Dement 10:S411-9.
    Alzheimer's disease is characterized by formation of neuritic plaque primarily composed of a small filamentous protein called amyloid-beta peptide . The rate-limiting step in the production of Abeta is the processing of Abeta precursor protein by beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme . Hence, BACE1 activity plausibly plays a rate-limiting role in the generation of potentially toxic Abeta within brain and the development of AD, thereby making it an interesting drug target. A phase II trial of the promising LY2886721 inhibitor of (...)
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  19. Section A. phylogeny 135.Phyletic Distribution of Neurohypophysial Peptides & Wilbur H. Sawyer - 1965 - In Karl W. Linsenmann, Proceedings. St. Louis, Lutheran Academy for Scholarship.
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  20.  12
    Peptide Presentation to T Cells: Solving the Immunogenic Puzzle.Nathan P. Croft - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (3):1900200.
    The vertebrate immune system uses an impressive arsenal of mechanisms to combat harmful cellular states such as infection. One way is via cells delivering real‐time snapshots of their protein content to the cell surface in the form of short peptides. Specialized immune cells (T cells) sample these peptides and assess whether they are foreign, warranting an action such as destruction of the infected cell. The delivery of peptides to the cell surface is termed antigen processing and presentation, and decades of (...)
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  21.  20
    Peptide‐dominated membranes preceding the genetic takeover by RNA: latest thinking on a classic controversy.Richard Egel - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (10):1100-1109.
    It is commonly presumed that abiotic membranes were colonized by proteins later on. Yet, hydrophobic peptides could have formed primordial protein‐dominated membranes on their own. In a metabolism‐first context, “autocatalytically closed” sets of statistical peptides could organize a self‐maintaining protometabolism, assisted by an unfolding set of ribotide‐related cofactors. Pairwise complementary ribotide cofactors may have formed docking guides for stochastic peptide formation, before replicating RNA emerged from this subset. Tidally recurring wet‐drying cycles and an early onset of photosynthetic activities are (...)
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  22.  37
    Polyps, peptides and patterning.Thomas C. G. Bosch & Toshitaka Fujisawa - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (5):420-427.
    Peptides serve as important signalling molecules in development and differentiation in the simple metazoan Hydra. A systematic approach (The Hydra Peptide Project) has revealed that Hydra contains several hundreds of peptide signalling molecules, some of which are neuropeptides and others emanate from epithelial cells. These peptides control biological processes as diverse as muscle contraction, neuron differentiation, and the positional value gradient. Signal peptides cause changes in cell behaviour by controlling target genes such as matrix metalloproteases. The abundance of (...)
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  23.  33
    Transit peptide diversity and divergence: A global analysis of plastid targeting signals.Nicola J. Patron & Ross F. Waller - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (10):1048-1058.
    Proteins are targeted to plastids by N‐terminal transit peptides, which are recognized by protein import complexes in the organelle membranes. Historically, transit peptide properties have been defined from vascular plant sequences, but recent large‐scale genome sequencing from the many plastid‐containing lineages across the tree of life has provided a much broader representation of targeted proteins. This includes the three lineages containing primary plastids (plants and green algae, rhodophytes and glaucophytes) and also the seven major lineages that contain secondary plastids, (...)
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  24.  29
    Bioactive peptides, networks and systems biology.Kurt Boonen, John W. Creemers & Liliane Schoofs - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (3):300-314.
    Bioactive peptides are a group of diverse intercellular signalling molecules. Almost half a century of research on this topic has resulted in an enormous amount of data. In this essay, a general perspective to interpret all these data will be given. In classical endocrinology, neuropeptides were thought of as simple signalling molecules that each elicit one response. However, the fact that the total bioactive peptide signal is far from simple puts this view under pressure. Cells and tissues express many (...)
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  25.  19
    Antimicrobial peptide defense in Drosophila.Marie Meister, Bruno Lemaitre & Jules A. Hoffmann - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (11):1019-1026.
    Drosophila responds to a septic injury by the rapid synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. These molecules are predominantly produced by the fat body, a functional equivalent of mammalian liver, and are secreted into the hemolymph where their concentrations can reach up to 100 μM. Six distinct antibacterial peptides (plus isoforms) and one antifungal peptide have been characterized in Drosophila and their genes cloned. The induction of the gene encoding the antifungal peptide relies on the spätzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette, which is (...)
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  26.  40
    Peptide drugs accelerate BMP‐2‐induced calvarial bone regeneration and stimulate osteoblast differentiation through mTORC1 signaling. [REVIEW]Yasutaka Sugamori, Setsuko Mise-Omata, Chizuko Maeda, Shigeki Aoki, Yasuhiko Tabata, Ramachandran Murali, Hisataka Yasuda, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Hiroshi Suzuki, Masashi Honma & Kazuhiro Aoki - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (8):717-725.
    Both W9 and OP3‐4 were known to bind the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Recently, both peptides were shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation; however, the mechanism underlying the activity of these peptides remains to be clarified. A primary osteoblast culture showed that rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which was recently demonstrated to be an important serine/threonine kinase for bone formation, inhibited the peptide‐induced alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, both peptides promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and S6K1, an upstream (...)
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  27.  25
    Atrial natriuretic peptides: Receptors and second messengers.Scott A. Waldman & Ferid Murad - 1989 - Bioessays 10 (1):16-19.
    Atrial natriuretic peptides appear to elicit their actions in some target tissues by binding to a novel cell‐surface transmembrane protein which possesses both peptide binding and guanylate cyclase activities. Ligand binding stimulates enzyme activity to produce increased intracellular concentrations of cyclic GMP which, in turn, mediates the cell's physiological response.
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  28.  19
    Peptides of love and fear: vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the integration of information in the amygdala.Jacek Dębiec - 2005 - Bioessays 27 (9):869-873.
    Neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin regulate a variety of behaviors ranging from maternal and pair bonding to aggression and fear. Their role in modulating fear responses has been widely recognized, but not yet well understood. Animal and human studies indicate the major role of the amygdala in controlling fear and anxiety. The amygdala is involved in detecting threat stimuli and linking them to defensive behaviors. This is accomplished by projections connecting the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) to the brain stem (...)
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  29. Gaba-peptide Neurons Of The Primate Cerebral Cortex.Edward Jones - 1987 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 8 (4).
  30.  46
    Folding of a peptide continuum: Semiotic approach to protein folding.Ľudmila Lacková - 2020 - Semiotica 2020 (233):77-90.
    In this paper I attempt to study the notion of “folding of a semiotic continuum” in a direction of a possible application to the biological processes. More specifically, the process of obtaining protein structures is compared in this paper to the folding of a semiotic continuum. Consequently, peptide chain is presented as a continuous line potential to be formed in order to create functional units. The functional units are protein structures having certain function in the cell or organism. Moreover, (...)
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  31.  2
    Hydroids, peptides, and evolution: Seventh International Workshop on Hydroid Development.Hans Bode - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (3):270-272.
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  32.  16
    Information Processing in Affective Disorders: Did an Ancient Peptide Regulating Intercellular Metabolism Become Co‐Opted for Noxious Stress Sensing?David A. Lovejoy & David W. Hogg - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (9):2000039.
    Affective disorders arise in stressful situations from aberrant sensory information integration that affects energetic nutrient (i.e., glucose) utilization to the cognitive centers of the brain. Because energy flow is mediated by molecular signals and receptors that evolved before the first complex brains, the phylogenetically oldest signaling systems are essential in the etiology of affective disorders. The corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) peptide subfamily is a phylogenetically old metazoan peptide family and is pivotal for regulating organismal energy response associated with stress. (...)
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  33.  18
    Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1): A gut hormone of potential interest in the treatment of diabetes.Bo Ahrén - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (8):642-651.
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  34.  23
    My favorite molecule. The sex‐peptide.Eric Kubli - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (11):779-784.
    Injection of a peptide of 36 amino acids into virgin Drosophila females changes their reproductive properties drastically: males are rejected and egg laying is increased. The neuronal and physiological properties of the virgin state are replaced by a new pattern of behavior and stimulation of egg production and deposition. Under natural conditions, the peptide is synthesized by the male and transferred into the female during copulation. The sex‐peptide, therefore, can be considered as a pheromone. In this review, (...)
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  35.  32
    Regulation of pituitary peptides by the immune system.Nicholas R. S. Hall & Maureen P. O'Grady - 1989 - Bioessays 11 (5):141-144.
    It has long been thought that the central nervous system is able to influence the progression of disease. Furthermore, there is now overwhelming evidence that the communication pathways are bidirectional. A variety of immune system peptides are now known to be capable of transmitting information from the immune system to the central nervous system. These immunotransmitters include interleukins, interferons and thymosine peptides which have the capability of modulating slow‐wave sleep as well as the release of neuro‐ and pituitary peptides. In (...)
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  36.  49
    Identifying (non‐)coding RNAs and small peptides: Challenges and opportunities.Andrea Pauli, Eivind Valen & Alexander F. Schier - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (1):103-112.
    Over the past decade, high‐throughput studies have identified many novel transcripts. While their existence is undisputed, their coding potential and functionality have remained controversial. Recent computational approaches guided by ribosome profiling have indicated that translation is far more pervasive than anticipated and takes place on many transcripts previously assumed to be non‐coding. Some of these newly discovered translated transcripts encode short, functional proteins that had been missed in prior screens. Other transcripts are translated, but it might be the process of (...)
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  37.  20
    Peptide hormones. Peptide Hormones as Prohormones: Processing, Biological Activity, Pharmacology. Edited by Jean Martinez. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1989. 354pp. £45, $88. [REVIEW]Michael B. Sporn - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (10):556-556.
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  38.  30
    Acetylcholine, amines, peptides, and cortical arousal.J. W. Phillis - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (3):486-487.
  39.  32
    Molecular aspects of atrial natriuretic peptides.Toshiko Imamura & Yoshiaki Miura - 1986 - Bioessays 5 (2):66-75.
    Peptides possessing both natriuretic and smooth muscle relaxant activities have been isolated from heart atria and their structures have been determined. The peptides designated ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) regulate salt and water balance and blood pressure. The scope of this article is to provide a summary of recent research developments directed towards understanding the molecular nature of atrial natriuretic peptides.
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  40.  24
    More than the sum of their parts: On the evolution of proteins from peptides.Johannes Söding & Andrei N. Lupas - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (9):837-846.
    Despite their seemingly endless diversity, proteins adopt a limited number of structural forms. It has been estimated that 80% of proteins will be found to adopt one of only about 400 folds, most of which are already known. These folds are largely formed by a limited ‘vocabulary’ of recurring supersecondary structure elements, often by repetition of the same element and, increasingly, elements similar in both structure and sequence are discovered. This suggests that modern proteins evolved by fusion and recombination from (...)
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  41.  32
    Targeting of proteins into the eukaryotic secretory pathway: Signal peptide structure/function relationships.Steven F. Nothwehr & Jeffrey I. Gordon - 1990 - Bioessays 12 (10):479-484.
    Much progress has been made in recent years regarding the mechanisms of targeting of secretory proteins to, and across, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Many of the cellular components involved in mediating translocation across this bilayer have been identified and characterized. Polypeptide domains of secretory proteins, termed signal peptides, have been shown to be necessary, and in most cases sufficient, for entry of preproteins into the lumen of the ER. These NH2‐ terminal segments appear to serve multiple roles in targeting (...)
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  42.  12
    The First Nucleic Acid Strands May Have Grown on Peptides via Primeval Reverse Translation.Marco Mazzeo & Arturo Tozzi - 2023 - Acta Biotheoretica 71 (4).
    The central dogma of molecular biology dictates that, with only a few exceptions, information proceeds from DNA to protein through an RNA intermediate. Examining the enigmatic steps from prebiotic to biological chemistry, we take another road suggesting that primordial peptides acted as template for the self-assembly of the first nucleic acids polymers. Arguing in favour of a sort of archaic “reverse translation” from proteins to RNA, our basic premise is a Hadean Earth where key biomolecules such as amino acids, polypeptides, (...)
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  43.  23
    Where have all the peptides gone?Peter W. Kalivas - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (2):218-219.
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  44.  25
    Toxin structures as evolutionary tools: Using conserved 3D folds to study the evolution of rapidly evolving peptides.Eivind A. B. Undheim, Mehdi Mobli & Glenn F. King - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (6):539-548.
    Three‐dimensional (3D) structures have been used to explore the evolution of proteins for decades, yet they have rarely been utilized to study the molecular evolution of peptides. Here, we highlight areas in which 3D structures can be particularly useful for studying the molecular evolution of peptide toxins. Although we focus our discussion on animal toxins, including one of the most widespread disulfide‐rich peptide folds known, the inhibitor cystine knot, our conclusions should be widely applicable to studies of the (...)
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  45.  23
    Structural characteristics of two highly selective opioid peptides.Richard J. Knapp, Henry I. Yamamura, Wieslaw Kazmierski & Victor J. Hruby - 1989 - Bioessays 10 (2-3):58-61.
    The demonstration of opioid receptors by radioligand binding and the discovery of their endogenous peptide ligands has provided a new class of compounds that can be used for the development of novel opioids. The number of potential receptor targets for such opioids has been expanded by the identification of multiple opioid receptor types The development of highly selective opioid peptides using the principles of conformational restriction permits the analysis of the structure‐activity requirements of each receptor type, and is facilitating (...)
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  46.  32
    The intracrine hypothesis and intracellular peptide hormone action.Richard N. Re - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (4):401-409.
    There is evidence that many peptide growth factors and hormones act in the intracellular space after either internalization or retention in their cells of synthesis. These factors, commonly called intracrines, are structurally diverse while sharing some common functional features. Reports of intracellular peptide hormone binding and action are reviewed here. Also, this laboratory has made proposals regarding the origin and actions of intracrines and these areas are further explored. Intracrine interactions and the relationship of intracrines to transcription factors (...)
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  47.  31
    Important roles for epithelial cell peptides in hydra development.Toshio Takahashi & Toshitaka Fujisawa - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (6):610-619.
    It has been convincingly shown that peptides play important roles in the regulation and maintenance of a variety of tissues and organs in living animals. However, little is known concerning the potential role of peptides as signaling molecules in developmental processes. In Hydra, there is circumstantial evidence that small diffusible molecules act as morphogens in the regulation of patterning processes. In order to view the entire spectrum of peptide signaling molecules, we initiated a project aiming at the systematic identification (...)
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  48. Ethical Approaches to Limiting Overall Costs for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Management.Johan Dellgren, Ezekiel Emanuel & Govind Persad - forthcoming - Annals of Internal Medicine.
    This article evaluates seven strategies for managing the high costs of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) like semaglutide and tirzepatide for weight management: complete exclusion of coverage, annual cost increase caps, lifetime cost caps, tiered access, formulary reevaluation, subscription payment models, and patent reform. The authors assess each strategy against three ethical objectives: benefiting people and preventing harm, showing equal moral concern, and mitigating disadvantage. Complete coverage exclusions, arbitrary reimbursement caps, and lifetime limits are deemed unethical as they fail to meet (...)
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  49.  8
    The World of Peptides: A Brief History of Peptide Chemistry by T. Wieland; M. Bodanszky. [REVIEW]Aaron Ihde - 1993 - Isis 84:174-175.
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  50.  33
    β-Amyloid Plaque Reduction in the Hippocampus After Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Opening in Alzheimer’s Disease.Pierre-François D’Haese, Manish Ranjan, Alexander Song, Marc W. Haut, Jeffrey Carpenter, Gerard Dieb, Umer Najib, Peng Wang, Rashi I. Mehta, J. Levi Chazen, Sally Hodder, Daniel Claassen, Michael Kaplitt & Ali R. Rezai - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
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